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LAMP(Linux+Apache+Mysql+PHP)環(huán)境搭建

運(yùn)維 系統(tǒng)運(yùn)維
本文測試環(huán)境為CentOS 5.0,如果使用Red Hat AS3/4則不能使用yum命令管理rpm包。

本文測試環(huán)境為CentOS 5.0,如果使用Red Hat AS3/4則不能使用yum命令管理rpm包。

一.系統(tǒng)約定
軟件源代碼包存放位置      /usr/local/src
源碼包編譯安裝位置(prefix)   /usr/local/software_name
腳本以及維護(hù)程序存放位置   /usr/local/sbin

MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫位置          /var/lib/mysql
Apache 網(wǎng)站根目錄          /home/www/wwwroot
Apache 虛擬主機(jī)日志根目錄  /home/www/logs
Apache 運(yùn)行帳戶            www:www

二.系統(tǒng)環(huán)境部署及調(diào)整
1.檢查系統(tǒng)是否正常
# more /var/log/messages        (檢查有無系統(tǒng)級錯(cuò)誤信息)
# dmesg (檢查硬件設(shè)備是否有錯(cuò)誤信息)
# ifconfig(檢查網(wǎng)卡設(shè)置是否正確)
# ping www.britepic.org        (檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否正常)
2.關(guān)閉不需要的服務(wù)
# ntsysv
以下僅列出需要啟動(dòng)的服務(wù),未列出的服務(wù)一律關(guān)閉:
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
3.重新啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)
# init 6
4.配置 vim
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv='mv -i' 下面添加一行:alias vi='vim' 保存退出。
# echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
5.使用yum程序安裝所需軟件包(以下為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的RPM包名稱)
# yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel
6.定時(shí)校正服務(wù)器時(shí)鐘,定時(shí)與中國國家授時(shí)中心授時(shí)服務(wù)器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行:
*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
7.源代碼編譯安裝所需包
(1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wgethttp://www.libgd.org/releases/oldreleases/gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
 (2) LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget [url=ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz]ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz[/url]
# tar xzvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz
# cd libxml2-2.6.29
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
 (3) LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src
#wgethttp://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
 (4) Apache 日志截?cái)喑绦?BR># cd /usr/local/src
# wgethttp://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.6.2
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
8.升級OpenSSL和OpenSSH
# cd /usr/local/src
# wgethttp://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# wgethttp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/openssh/portable/openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xzvf openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-4.6p1
# ./configure  \
"--prefix=/usr" \
"--with-pam" \
"--with-zlib" \
"--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh" \
"--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-md5-passwords"
# make
# make install
(1)禁用 SSH V1 協(xié)議
找到:
#Protocol 2,1
改為:
Protocol 2
(2)禁止root直接登錄
此處先建立一個(gè)普通系統(tǒng)用戶:
# useradd username
# passwd username
找到:
#PermitRootLogin yes
改為:
PermitRootLogin no
(3)禁用服務(wù)器端GSSAPI
找到以下兩行,并將它們注釋:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
(4)禁用 DNS 名稱解析
找到:
#UseDNS yeas
改為:
UseDNS no
(5)禁用客戶端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
將這行注釋掉。
最后,確認(rèn)修改正確后重新啟動(dòng) SSH 服務(wù)
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
確認(rèn) OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正確。

 

#p#

三、編譯安裝L.A.M.P環(huán)境
1. 下載軟件
# cd /usr/local/src
# wgethttp://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# wgethttp://download.discuz.net/env/mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# wgethttp://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
#wgethttp://downloads.phpchina.com/zend/optimizer/3.3.0/ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
2. 編譯安裝MySQL
# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.27
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql" \                (注意:/var 分區(qū)是否適合?)
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-server-suffix=-Comsenz" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=" \                (此處設(shè)置MySQL默認(rèn)字符集)
"--with-collation= " \        (此處設(shè)置MySQL校正字符集)
"--with-extra-charsets=all" \
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--without-isam" \
"--without-innodb" \
"--without-ndb-debug"
# make
# make install
# useradd mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R root:mysql .
# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql
# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password_for_root'
3. 編譯安裝Apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.4
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared" \
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared" \
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
# make
# make install
# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local
4. 編譯安裝PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.3
# ./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-memory-limit" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli"
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5. 安裝Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
# ./ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386/install.sh
安裝Zend Optimizer過程的最后不要選擇重啟Apache。
6. 整合Apache與PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在該行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
將該行改為
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
</IfModule>
找到:
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”號,取消注釋。
注意:以上 4 個(gè)擴(kuò)展配置文件中的設(shè)置請按照相關(guān)原則進(jìn)行合理配置!
修改完成后保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
7. 查看確認(rèn)L.A.M.P環(huán)境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在網(wǎng)站根目錄放置 phpinfo.php 腳本,檢查phpinfo中的各項(xiàng)信息是否正確。
#vi phpinfo.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
確認(rèn) PHP 能夠正常工作后,在 php.ini 中進(jìn)行設(shè)置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到:
disable_functions =
設(shè)置為:
    phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,error_log,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
四、服務(wù)器安全性設(shè)置
1. 設(shè)置系統(tǒng)防火墻
# touch /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
將以下腳本命令(綠色部分)粘貼到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo '/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh' >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh

【編輯推薦】

  1. Linux設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)開發(fā)詳解
  2. 嵌入式系統(tǒng)Linux內(nèi)核開發(fā)實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南
  3. 開發(fā)者發(fā)行版:SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 RC4
責(zé)任編輯:張燕妮 來源: 中國IT實(shí)驗(yàn)室
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