Oracle DataGuard數(shù)據(jù)備份方案詳解
Oracle DataGuard是一種數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)級(jí)別的HA方案，最主要功能是冗災(zāi)、數(shù)據(jù)保護(hù)、故障恢復(fù)等。
在生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的"事務(wù)一致性"時(shí)，使用生產(chǎn)庫(kù)的物理全備份(或物理COPY)創(chuàng)建備庫(kù)，備庫(kù)會(huì)通過生產(chǎn)庫(kù)傳輸過來的歸檔日志(或重做條目)自動(dòng)維護(hù)備用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。將重做數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用到備用庫(kù)。本文介紹使用RMAN備份創(chuàng)建備庫(kù)(dataguard).
一:Oracle DataGuard環(huán)境概述
1.軟件環(huán)境
操作系統(tǒng)Red Linux Enterprise as 5
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)版本Oracle 10g release 2
2.primary databae
IP:192.168.18.1
ORACLE_SID=db1
db_unique_name=db1
3.standby database
IP:192.168.18.2
ORACLE_SID=standby
db_unique_name=standby
二,主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(db1)做準(zhǔn)備
1.設(shè)置主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為Force logging
- SQL> alter database force logging;
2.創(chuàng)建密碼文件
- cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
- orapwdfile=orapwdb1 password=123456 force=y
3.修改主庫(kù)的初始化參數(shù)
- alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(db1,standby)' scope=both;
- alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/db1/arch' scope=both;
- alter system set db_unique_name='db1' scope=both;
4.生成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)備份
- RMAN> connect target sys/123456
- RMAN> backup database format='/oracle/rmanback/%d_%s.dbf' plus archivelog;
- [oracle@oracle rmanback]$ ls
- DB1_1.dbfDB1_2.dbf
5.生成備庫(kù)的control file
- SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as '/oracle/rmanback/ctontrl01.ctl
6.配置listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora文件
啟動(dòng)lintener.ora,
- [oracle@oracle dbs]$ lsnrctl status
- LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-JUN-2009 02:54:29
- Service "db1" has 1 instance(s).
- Instance "db1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
- Service "db1_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
- Instance "db1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
- The command completed successfully
配置rnsnames.ora
- vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
- db1 =
- (DESCRIPTION =
- (ADDRESS_LIST =
- (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.18.1)(PORT = 1521))
- )
- (CONNECT_DATA =
- (SERVICE_NAME = db1)
- standby =
- (DESCRIPTION =
- (ADDRESS_LIST =
- (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.18.2)(PORT = 1521))
- )
- (CONNECT_DATA =
- (SERVICE_NAME = standby)
- )
- )
三.創(chuàng)建standby database
1.設(shè)置環(huán)境變量并安裝oracle軟件
- #環(huán)境變量設(shè)成與主庫(kù)一樣
- #只安裝軟件不安裝庫(kù)
- ./runInstaller –silent –responseFile /tmp/installoracle.rsp
2.建立相關(guān)的目錄
- cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
- orapwdfile=orapwSID password=123456 force=y
- #注要密碼要與主庫(kù)的一樣, 否則會(huì)歸檔失敗
3.建立密碼文件
- cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
- orapwd file=orapwSID password=123456 force=y
- #注要密碼要與主庫(kù)的一樣, 否則會(huì)歸檔失敗
3.建立參數(shù)文件(pfile)
- db_name = standby
- shared_pool_size = 120M
- undo_management = AUTO
- undo_tablespace = undotbs
- sga_max_size = 200M
- sga_target = 160M
- db_2k_cache_size = 4M
- standby_file_management=AUTO
- fal_server='db1'
- fal_client='standby'
- log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/arch'
- log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=db1 REOPEN=300'
- log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
- log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
4.CP主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)RMAN備份及控制文件到備庫(kù)
注意:備份存放位置要與primary database RMAN備份文件的位置相同. 控制文件存放位置要與生成standby database controlfile的位置相同
- scp /oracle/rmanback/*.dbf root@192.168.18.2:/oracle/rmanback/
- scp /oracle/rmanback/*.ctl root@192.168.18.2:/oracle/oracle/oradata/standby/
5.利用備用的控制文件,把備用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)啟到mount
- SQL>connect / as sysdba
- connnpcted to an idle instance．
- SQL>startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initstandby.ora
- SQL>alter database mount standby database
6. 配置listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora文件.
與主庫(kù)相同啟動(dòng)listener,tnsnames.ora也與主庫(kù)配置的一樣,
當(dāng)主備庫(kù)的監(jiān)聽都啟動(dòng)后,進(jìn)行測(cè)試,以例下面能順利進(jìn)行
- tnsping db1
- tnsping standby
- SQL> sqlplus sys/123456@db1
- SQL> sqlplus sys/123456@standby
7.轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
- RMAN>connect target /
- connected to target database：TEST(DBID=788075692)
- RMAN> restore database
8.恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
- SQL>recover managed standby database disconnect from session；
- #如果有需要應(yīng)用的日志并想手工應(yīng)用，可以運(yùn)行如下命令
- SQL>recover automatic standby database；
9.檢查standby database是否創(chuàng)建成功
a.在primary database 上切換日志
- SQL> alter system switch logfile
b.在primary database上運(yùn)行下面的語句
- SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
- MAX(SEQUENCE#)
- --------------
- 17
c. 在standby database上運(yùn)行下面的語句
- SQL> select sequence# ,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
- SEQUENCE# APP
- --------------------- ---
- 15YES
- 16YES
- 17YES
若在上步中的max sequence#在的的app狀態(tài)為YES說明standby database 成功創(chuàng)建.
10. 以spfile啟動(dòng)并設(shè)為只讀
- SQL> create spfile from pfile;
- SQL> shutdown immedaite
- SQL> startup mount
- SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
- SQL> alter database open read only;
以上就是Oracle DataGuard數(shù)據(jù)備份的操作流程。本文出自 “追求” 博客。
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