深度剖析C#序列化和反序列化
C#序列化和反序列化,兩者的程序處理方式基本一致,都是基于工廠模式的,所謂C#序列化就是是將對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為容易傳輸?shù)母袷降倪^程,一般情況下轉(zhuǎn)化打流文件,放入內(nèi)存或者IO文件中。例如,可以序列化一個(gè)對(duì)象,然后使用 HTTP 通過 Internet 在客戶端和服務(wù)器之間傳輸該對(duì)象,或者和其它應(yīng)用程序共享使用。相反的,反序列化根據(jù)流重新構(gòu)造對(duì)象。.NET自帶的有兩種序列化對(duì)象的方式,Xml和binary的,XML 序列化不轉(zhuǎn)換方法、索引器、私有字段或只讀屬性(只讀集合除外)。要序列化對(duì)象的所有字段和屬性(公共的和私有的),請(qǐng)使用 BinaryFormatter,而不要使用 XML 序列化。
C#序列化和反序列化的實(shí)例應(yīng)用剖析:
二進(jìn)制的C#序列化的方式:
例如我們有個(gè)對(duì)象:
- [Serializable]public class ClassToSerialize{
- public int id=100;
- public string name="Name";
- }
需要序列化該對(duì)象,必須在給該類加上Serializable的屬性,然后創(chuàng)建一個(gè)序列化寫入的流:FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("temp.dat", FileMode.Create);然后創(chuàng)建二進(jìn)制格式器:BinaryFormatter b=new BinaryFormatter();然后是序列化:b.Serialize(fileStream,c);,然后關(guān)閉保存流。(可以見下面的例子)
讀取一個(gè)已經(jīng)被序列化的對(duì)象的時(shí)候:操作方式一樣,只是
- FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(
- "temp.dat", FileMode.Open,
- FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
- ClassToSerialize c =
- (ClassToSerialize)b.Deserialize(fileStream);
然后就可以讀取了,完整的例子是:
- using System;
- using System.IO;
- using System.Runtime.Serialization;
- using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
- public class SerialTest{
- public void SerializeNow(){
- ClassToSerialize c=new ClassToSerialize();
- FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(
- "temp.dat", FileMode.Create);
- BinaryFormatter b=new BinaryFormatter();
- b.Serialize(fileStream,c);
- fileStream.Close();
- }
- public void DeSerializeNow(){
- ClassToSerialize c=new ClassToSerialize();
- FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(
- "temp.dat", FileMode.Open,
- FileAccess.Read,
- FileShare.Read);
- BinaryFormatter b=new BinaryFormatter();
- //SoapFormatter
- c=(ClassToSerialize)b.Deserialize(fileStream);
- Console.WriteLine(c.name);
- fileStream.Close();
- }
- public static void Main(string[] s){
- SerialTest st=new SerialTest();
- st.SerializeNow();
- st.DeSerializeNow();
- }
- }
- [Serializable]
- public class ClassToSerialize{
- public int id=100;
- public string name="Name";
- }
這就是自帶的序列化和反序列的操作,但是,很多情況下,一個(gè)對(duì)象比較大,而且很多私有的屬性和方法我們不需要,例如在原型模式里面序列化的話,只需要序列Clone方法和一些屬性,私有的方法無需要,還例如在讀取大規(guī)模的IO的時(shí)候,讀取操作完全不需要... 這時(shí)候就需要自己集成重寫序列的ISerializable接口:
實(shí)現(xiàn)該接口需要兩個(gè)注意的,一個(gè)就是構(gòu)造函數(shù),主要是為了反序列,另一個(gè)就是GetObjectData,主要是執(zhí)行序列化,例如我們現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)Employee類需要序列化
- [Serializable()]
- //Set this attribute to all the classes that want to serialize
- public class Employee : ISerializable
- //derive your class from ISerializable {
- public int EmpId;
- public string EmpName;
- [NonSerialized()]
- public string NoSerialString="NoSerialString-Test";
- }
需要注意的是我這里的NoSerialString屬性前面有[NonSerialized()],就是說默認(rèn)并不序列化這個(gè)屬性,而是使用默認(rèn)值 。
首先是構(gòu)造函數(shù):
- public Employee(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext ctxt)
- {
- EmpId = (int)info.GetValue(
- "EmployeeId", typeof(int));
- EmpName = (String)info.GetValue(
- "EmployeeName", typeof(string));
- //NoSerialString =
- //(String)info.GetValue("NoSerialString", typeof(string));
- }
然后是C#序列化方法,就是當(dāng)寫入流的時(shí)候怎么保存的:
- public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext ctxt)
- {
- //You can use any custom name for your name-value pair.
- // But make sure you
- // read the values with the same name.
- //For ex:- If you write EmpId as "EmployeeId"
- // then you should read the same with "EmployeeId"
- info.AddValue("EmployeeId", EmpId);
- info.AddValue("EmployeeName", EmpName);
- }
把上面兩個(gè)方法寫入到Employee類,然后寫個(gè)測(cè)試的程序:
- public class ObjSerial{
- public static void Main(String[] args){
- Employee mp = new Employee();
- mp.EmpId = 10;
- mp.EmpName = "Omkumar";
- mp.NoSerialString = "你好啊";
- //C#序列化和反序列化之序列化
- Stream stream = File.Open("EmployeeInfo.osl", FileMode.Create);
- BinaryFormatter bformatter = new BinaryFormatter();
- Console.WriteLine("Writing Employee Information");
- bformatter.Serialize(stream, mp);
- stream.Close();
- mp = null;
- //C#序列化和反序列化之反序列
- stream = File.Open("EmployeeInfo.osl", FileMode.Open);
- bformatter = new BinaryFormatter();
- Console.WriteLine("Reading Employee Information");
- mp = (Employee)bformatter.Deserialize(stream);
- stream.Close();
- Console.WriteLine(
- "Employee Id: {0}",mp.EmpId.ToString());
- Console.WriteLine(
- "Employee Name: {0}",mp.EmpName);
- Console.WriteLine(
- "Employee NoSerialString: {0}",mp.NoSerialString);
- }
- }
C#序列化和反序列化程序執(zhí)行的結(jié)果是:
- Writing Employee Information
- Reading Employee Information
- Employee Id: 10
- Employee Name: Omkumar
- Employee NoSerialString: NoSerialString-Test
看到Employee NoSerialString:屬性的值沒有,它保持默認(rèn)值,沒有序列化。
C#序列化和反序列化的理解就向你介紹到這里,希望對(duì)你了解和學(xué)習(xí)更重要的是對(duì)你使用C#序列化和反序列化有所幫助。
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