C++賦值函數(shù)代碼詳解
作為一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的編程人員,想必對(duì)C++編程語言一定有所了解。因?yàn)檫@一語言已經(jīng)成為開發(fā)領(lǐng)域中一個(gè)重要的應(yīng)用語言。下面大家可以根據(jù)本文對(duì)C++賦值函數(shù)的理解,進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)C++語言的了解程度。
C++的拷貝函數(shù)和C++賦值函數(shù)既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別,不細(xì)究的話很容易搞混,遂以小例示之如下,權(quán)作解惑之用。
C++賦值函數(shù)相關(guān)代碼示例:
- // test.cpp
- #include <iostream>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- class Book
- {
- public:
- Book(const char *name, const char*author, const double price):
price(price) {- this->name = new char[strlen(name)+1];
- this->author = new char[strlen(author)+1];
- strcpy(this->name, name);
- strcpy(this->author,author);
- }
- Book(const Book& book){
- name = new char[strlen(book.name)+1];
- author = new char[strlen(book.author)+1];
- price = book.price;
- strcpy(name, book.name);
- strcpy(author, book.author);
- }
- Book& operator=(const Book& rhs) {
- Book(rhs).swap(*this); // 先創(chuàng)建臨時(shí)對(duì)象Book(rhs),
再調(diào)用下面的swap進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換,- // 注意與*this交換數(shù)據(jù)的是臨時(shí)對(duì)象, rhs并未修改,只是swap
- // 結(jié)束后臨時(shí)對(duì)象擁有了*this的數(shù)據(jù), 而*this也擁有了由rhs
- // 構(gòu)造的臨時(shí)對(duì)象的數(shù)據(jù), 臨時(shí)對(duì)象生命期結(jié)束時(shí),*this的數(shù)據(jù)
- // 會(huì)被銷毀。
- return *this;
- }
- ~Book(){
- delete[] name;
- delete[] author;
- }
- private:
- Book& swap(Book& rhs) {
- double temp = rhs.price;
- rhs.price = price;
- price = temp;
- std::swap(name, rhs.name);
// std::swap()只是簡(jiǎn)單的交換指針的值- std::swap(author, rhs.author);
- return *this;
- }
- public:
- char* name;
- char* author;
- double price;
- };
- int main() {
- Book a("The C++ standard library", "Nicolai M. Josuttis", 98);
- Book b = a; // 對(duì)象b不存在, 拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)在這里被調(diào)用
- Book c("Emacs Lisp manual", "stallman", 0);
- c = a; // c對(duì)象已經(jīng)存在, C++賦值函數(shù)(operator=)在這里被調(diào)用
- cout << a.name << endl;
- cout << a.author << endl;
- cout << a.price << endl << endl;
- cout << b.name << endl;
- cout << b.author << endl;
- cout << b.price << endl << endl;
- cout << c.name << endl;
- cout << c.author << endl;
- cout << c.price << endl;
- }
編譯:
- g++ -o test test.cpp
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
- The C++ standard library
- Nicolai M. Josuttis
- 98
- The C++ standard library
- Nicolai M. Josuttis
- 98
- The C++ standard library
- Nicolai M. Josuttis
- 98
以上就是對(duì)C++賦值函數(shù)的相關(guān)介紹。
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