查看系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的Linux samba版本號(hào)
作者：佚名
之前在CentOS5.3上手工裝的Linux samba可以先刪除掉，且將/etc/profile文件中的PATH變量恢復(fù)原樣，以及將/etc/man.config文件恢復(fù)原樣；使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的Linux samba服務(wù)和配置文件去設(shè)置；
Linux samba對(duì)于電腦使用的玩家的常用軟件，然后我就學(xué)習(xí)及深入的研究Linux samba，在這里和大家一起探討Linux samba的使用方法，希望對(duì)大家有用。Linux samba服務(wù)器的設(shè)置筆記 .
環(huán)境：
- Linux OS:Fedora10
- Samba:sambe3.2.4
1.查看系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的Linux samba版本號(hào)
登錄FEDORA10后，使用
- [root@localhost ~] whereis samba
- samba: /etc/samba /usr/lib/samba /usr/share/man/man7/samba.7.gz
- [root@localhost ~] rpm qa samba
- samba3.2.40.22.fc10.i386
- [root@localhost ~]
已經(jīng)安裝了Linux samba3.2.4版本，不需要再手工安裝，這是系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)裝的，可以用service smb start啟動(dòng)samba服務(wù)；
之前在CentOS5.3上手工裝的Linux samba可以先刪除掉，且將/etc/profile文件中的PATH變量恢復(fù)原樣，以及將/etc/man.config文件恢復(fù)原樣；使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的Linux samba服務(wù)和配置文件去設(shè)置；
2.設(shè)置smb.conf文件
參考文章http://doc.chinahtml.com/manual/rhlcgzh_cn9/s1sambaconfiguring.html命令行配置要指定 Windows 工作組和對(duì)它的簡短描述，編輯 smb.conf 文件中的以下幾行：
- workgroup WORKGROUPNAME
- server string BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVER
把 WORKGROUPNAME 換成你的機(jī)器所屬的 Windows 工作組名。BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT SERVER 是可選的，它被用作關(guān)于 Samba 系統(tǒng)的 Windows 注釋。
要在你的 Linux 系統(tǒng)上創(chuàng)建 Linux samba 共享目錄，在 smb.conf 文件中添加以下幾行（根據(jù)你和你的系統(tǒng)需要修改了該文件之后）：
- [sharename] 共享文件夾的顯示名稱
- comment Insert a comment here comment注釋
- path /home/share/ 共享的物理路徑
- valid users tfox carole 共享文件的可訪問用戶，此項(xiàng)一般是在“security user”情況下；
- public no 不公開
- writable yes 可寫
- printable no 不可打印
- create mask 0765 默認(rèn)建立文件的權(quán)限
以下為我的文件（security user 時(shí)）：
- [sharename]
- comment Insert a comment here （test）
- path /home/share/
- valid users chenxin
- public no
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
3.“smbpasswd的添加”以及“物理路徑下文件權(quán)限的修改”：
之后通過//192.168.0.61訪問，發(fā)現(xiàn)無論輸入哪個(gè)帳戶，都無法訪問；之后用：smbpasswd a chenxin 輸入新的密碼后（我設(shè)置了一個(gè)和系統(tǒng)用戶chenxin的密碼一樣的smb密碼chenxin2006@），再重啟smb服務(wù)，即可以訪問Linux samba服務(wù)器了，但內(nèi)部文件夾內(nèi)還是無法創(chuàng)建文件：
原因是/home/share 文件夾的權(quán)限是755，所以將/home/share文件夾的權(quán)限更改為777，問題解決。同時(shí)，利用默認(rèn)的chenxin賬戶去訪問時(shí)，在默認(rèn)共享出來的/home/chenxin文件夾中，可以任意增刪文件；
4.匿名訪問的權(quán)限問題以及匿名訪問的smb.conf文件的修改
之后查找匿名訪問并可隨意讀寫的問題：在配置文件中，添加如下語句，
- [anonymity]
- comment Anonymity
- path /home/anonymity
- public yes
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
這樣，就可以通過匿名賬號(hào)訪問/home/anonymity文件夾了，而且不需要賬號(hào)密碼，就具有了讀寫權(quán)限，同時(shí)，原先的/home/share文件夾是需要用戶驗(yàn)證的，所以share文件夾訪問不了，會(huì)提示輸入guest賬號(hào)的密碼；
其他：嘗試以下內(nèi)容在系統(tǒng)里新建了一個(gè)Guest賬號(hào)，密碼設(shè)置為chenxin2006@,且用smbpasswd a Guest添加了smb的密碼，***在/etc/samba/smb.conf文件的[sharename]位置后，也就是修改為 valid users chenxin Guest 后，在訪問sharename文件夾，windows系統(tǒng)跳出來的用戶身份驗(yàn)證信息中，用戶名仍然是灰色的“Guest”，密碼欄無論怎么輸入，都訪問不了，這可能和windows系統(tǒng)有關(guān)系吧；
默認(rèn)情況下，在添加系統(tǒng)賬號(hào)后，/home下生成的用戶主目錄的權(quán)限是700，故在設(shè)定其他賬號(hào)訪問此目錄下的子文件夾的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)注意權(quán)限問題！
5.說明
為注釋文件；為用戶可能需要啟用的功能；系統(tǒng)中默認(rèn)安裝的samba3.2.4版本的smb.conf文件中有很多比較好的例程，可以加以修改采用；同時(shí)，smb.conf中有很多解釋語句，更好的理解配置文件；
附錄我的smb.conf整個(gè)文件內(nèi)容:
- This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
- smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
- here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
- many!) most of which are not shown in this example
- For a step to step guide on installing, configuring and using samba,
- read the SambaHOWTOCollection. This may be obtained from:
- http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/SambaHOWTOCollection.pdf
- Many working examples of smb.conf files can be found in the
- SambaGuide which is generated daily and can be downloaded from:
- http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/SambaGuide.pdf
- Any line which starts with a ; (semicolon) or a (hash)
- is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a
- for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
- may wish to enable
- NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
- to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.
SELINUX NOTES:
- If you want to use the useradd/groupadd family of binaries please run:
- setsebool P samba_domain_controller on
- If you want to share home directories via samba please run:
- setsebool P samba_enable_home_dirs on
- If you create a new directory you want to share you should mark it as
- "sambashare_t" so that selinux will let you write into it.
- Make sure not to do that on system directories as they may already have
- been marked with othe SELinux labels.
- Use ls ldZ /path to see which context a directory has
- Set labels only on directories you created!
- To set a label use the following: chcon t samba_share_t /path
- If you need to share a system created directory you can use one of the
- following (readonly/readwrite):
- setsebool P samba_export_all_ro on
- or
- setsebool P samba_export_all_rw on
- If you want to run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...) please
- put them into the /var/lib/samba/scripts directory so that smbd will be
- allowed to run them.
- Make sure you COPY them and not MOVE them so that the right SELinux context
- is applied, to check all is ok use restorecon R v /var/lib/samba/scripts
Global Settings
- [global]
- Netwrok Related Options
- workgroup NTDomainName or WorkgroupName, eg: MIDEARTH
- server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
- netbios name can be used to specify a server name not tied to the hostname
- Interfaces lets you configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
- If you have multiple network interfaces then you can list the ones
- you want to listen on (never omit localhost)
- Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrict who can connect, and you can
- specifiy it as a per share option as well
- workgroup MYGROUPCHENXIN
- server string Chenxin Samba Server Version %v
- ; netbios name MYSERVER
- ; interfaces lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
- ; hosts allow 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.
Logging Options
- Log File let you specify where to put logs and how to split them up.
- Max Log Size let you specify the max size log files should reach
- logs split per machine
- log file /var/log/samba/log.%m
- max 50KB per log file, then rotate
- max log size 50
Standalone Server Options
- Scurity can be set to user, share(deprecated) or server(deprecated)
- Backend to store user information in. New installations should
- use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
- compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
- security user
- security share
- passdb backend tdbsam
- Domain Members Options
- Security must be set to domain or ads
- Use the realm option only with security ads
- Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of
- Backend to store user information in. New installations should
- use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
- compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
- Use password server option only with security server or if you can't
- use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers
- The argument list may include:
- password server My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
- or to autolocate the domain controller/s
- password server *
- ; security domain
- ; passdb backend tdbsam
- ; realm MY_REALM
- ; password server <NTServerName>
Domain Controller Options
- Security must be set to user for domain controllers
- Backend to store user information in. New installations should
- use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
- compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
- Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
- allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
- if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
- Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logon server for Windows workstations.
- Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script to be run at login time on the client
- You need to provide it in a share called NETLOGON
- Logon Path let you specify where user profiles are stored (UNC path)
- Various scripts can be used on a domain controller or standalone
- machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts
- ; security user
- ; passdb backend tdbsam
- ; domain master yes
- ; domain logons yes
- the login script name depends on the machine name
- ; logon script %m.bat
- the login script name depends on the unix user used
- ; logon script %u.bat
- ; logon path \\%L\Profiles\%u
- disables profiles support by specifing an empty path
- ; logon path
- ; add user script /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" n g users
- ; add group script /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
- ; add machine script /usr/sbin/useradd n c "Workstation (%u)" M d /nohome s /bin/false "%u"
- ; delete user script /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
- ; delete user from group script /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
- ; delete group script /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"
Browser Control Options
- set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
- browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
- OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
- elections. The default value should be reasonable
- Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
- and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
- ; local master no
- ; os level 33
- ; preferred master yes
- Name Resolution
- Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
- Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
- WINS Support: Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
- WINS Server: Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
- WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
- behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
- at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
- DNS Proxy tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
- via DNS nslookups.
- ; wins support yes
- ; wins server w.x.y.z
- ; wins proxy yes
- ; dns proxy yes
Printing Options
- Load Printers let you load automatically the list of printers rather
- than setting them up individually
- Cups Options let you pass the cups libs custom options, setting it to raw
- for example will let you use drivers on your Windows clients
- Printcap Name let you specify an alternative printcap file
- You can choose a non default printing system using the Printing option
- load printers yes
- cups options raw
- ; printcap name /etc/printcap
- obtain list of printers automatically on SystemV
- ; printcap name lpstat
- ; printing cups
Filesystem Options
- The following options can be uncommented if the filesystem supports
- Extended Attributes and they are enabled (usually by the mount option
- user_xattr). Thess options will let the admin store the DOS attributes
- in an EA and make samba not mess with the permission bits.
- Note: these options can also be set just per share, setting them in global
- makes them the default for all shares
- ; map archive no
- ; map hidden no
- ; map read only no
- ; map system no
- ; store dos attributes yes
Share Definitions
- [homes]
- comment Home Directories
- browseable no
- writable yes
- ; valid users %S
- ; valid users MYDOMAIN\%S
- [printers]
- comment All Printers
- path /var/spool/samba
- browseable no
- guest ok no
- writable no
- printable yes
- Uncomment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
- ; [netlogon]
- ; comment Network Logon Service
- ; path /var/lib/samba/netlogon
- ; guest ok yes
- ; writable no
- ; share modes no
- Uncomment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
- the default is to use the user's home directory
- ; [Profiles]
- ; path /var/lib/samba/profiles
- ; browseable no
- ; guest ok yes
- A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
- the "staff" group
- ; [public]
- ; comment Public Stuff
- ; path /home/samba
- ; public yes
- ; writable yes
- ; printable no
- ; write list +staff
- [sharename]
- comment Insert a comment here 錛坱est錛?path /home/share/
- valid users chenxin
- public no
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
- [anonymity]
- comment Anonymity
- path /home/anonymity
- public yes
- writable yes
- printable no
- create mask 0765
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責(zé)任編輯：佚名
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