Ubuntu下架設流媒體服務器的基本流程
目前主流的流媒體服務器有微軟的windows media server、RealNetworks的Helixserver和蘋果公司的Darwin Streaming Server. 微軟的windows media server只能在windows2000 server和windows 2003 server下使用，不在考慮之列。RealNetworks的Helixserver是一款跨平臺的軟件，功能也很強大，但并非免費軟件，只能cut掉了。蘋果公司的Darwin StreamingServer是一款跨平臺的開源流媒體服務器軟件，由蘋果公司出品，其品質不用懷疑了，而且還免費。所以在架設流媒體服務器時就選擇了DarwinStreaming Server.
Darwin Streaming Server使用標準的實時傳輸協(xié)議/實時流媒體協(xié)議(RTP/RTSP)，通過互聯(lián)網實時傳送媒體。Darwin Streaming Server 也能提供對傳送 H.264、MPEG-4 和3GPP 文件的固有支持——因此，你可以在 Mac 和 Linux、Windows上的任何與標準兼容的媒體播放器上執(zhí)行你的內容，當然還包括手機和接收盒等各種兼容標準的設備。不僅如此，它還允許你使用 Icecast兼容協(xié)議，通過 HTTP 傳送標準的 MP3 文件到 MP3 客戶端。
一、軟件安裝
首先上http://dss.macosforge.org/下載源代碼，當前最新版本為6.0.3，但我選擇了5.5.5版本，因為這個版本提供了針對linux的安裝腳本。下載DarwinStreamingSrvr5.5.5-Linux.tar.gz文件后，解壓縮，然后運行如下命令安裝：
- ~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ chmod +x Install
- ~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ sudo ./Install
- [sudo] password for keensword007:
- Installing Darwin Streaming Server
- Checking for and Killing currently running Darwin Streaming Server
- Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
- Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
- Removing previous versions of Darwin Streaming Server
- Backing up previous config files
- Inserting path to perl into scripts..
- Creating unprivileged user to run the server = "qtss".
- copying DarwinStreamingServer to /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer
- copying PlaylistBroadcaster to /usr/local/bin/PlaylistBroadcaster
- copying MP3Broadcaster to /usr/local/bin/MP3Broadcaster
- copying qtpasswd to /usr/local/bin/qtpasswd
- creating /usr/local/sbin/StreamingServerModules directory
- copying createuserstreamingdir to /usr/local/bin/createuserstreamingdir
- creating /etc/streaming directory
- Generating a new prefs file at /etc/streaming/streamingserver.xml
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSRefMovieModule [dynamic]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSHomeDirectoryModule [dynamic]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSFileModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSReflectorModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSRelayModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAccessLogModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSFlowControlModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSPosixFileSysModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAdminModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSMP3StreamingModule [static]
- INFO: Module Loaded...QTSSAccessModule [static]
- WARNING: No users file found at /etc/streaming/qtusers.
- WARNING: No groups file found at /etc/streaming/qtgroups.
- chown: invalid user: `qtss'
- copying relayconfig.xml-Sample to /etc/streaming/relayconfig.xml-Sample
- copying qtusers to /etc/streaming/qtusers
- chown: invalid user: `qtss'
- copying qtgroups to /etc/streaming/qtgroups
- chown: invalid user: `qtss'
- copying readme.txt to /var/streaming/readme.txt
- copying 3rdPartyAcknowledgements.rtf to /var/streaming/3rdPartyAcknowledgements.rtf
- creating /usr/local/movies directory
- creating /var/streaming/playlists directory
- copying sample_100kbit.mov into /usr/local/movies/sample_100kbit.mov
- copying sample_300kbit.mov into /usr/local/movies/sample_300kbit.mov
- copying sample_100kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_100kbit.mp4
- copying sample_300kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_300kbit.mp4
- copying sample.mp3 into /usr/local/movies/sample.mp3
- copying sample_50kbit.3gp into /usr/local/movies/sample_50kbit.3gp
- copying sample_h264_100kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_100kbit.mp4
- copying sample_h264_300kbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_300kbit.mp4
- copying sample_h264_1mbit.mp4 into /usr/local/movies/sample_h264_1mbit.mp4
- copying StreamingLoadTool to /usr/local/bin/StreamingLoadTool
- copying streamingloadtool.conf to /etc/streaming/streamingloadtool.conf
- copying streamingadminserver.pl into /usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl
- copying Admin HTML to /var/streaming/AdminHtml directory
- chown: invalid user: `qtss'
- chown: invalid user: `qtss'
- chown: invalid user: `qtss'
- Launching streamingadminserver.pl
- Cannot switch to group qtss
- Installation Complete
- Darwin Streaming Server Setup
- Inorder to administer the Darwin Streaming Server you must
create anadministrator user [Note: The administrator user name
cannot containspaces, or single or double quote characters, and
cannot be more than255 characters long].- Please enter a new administrator user name: keensword007
- Youmust also enter a password for the administrator user [Note:
Theadministrator password cannot contain spaces, or quotes,
either singleor double, and cannot be more than 80 characters long].- Please enter a new administrator Password:
- Re-enter the new administrator password:
- Adding userName keensword007
- chown: invalid user: `qtss'
- Setup Complete!
從提示信息上看，應該是qtss用戶未能創(chuàng)建造成的，查看了一下Install腳本，發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)建用戶的腳本是這樣的：
- if [ $INSTALL_OS = "Linux" ]; then
- /usr/sbin/useradd -M qtss > /dev/null 2>&1
- else
- /usr/sbin/useradd qtss > /dev/null 2>&1
- fi
但是useradd并沒有-M的命令行參數(shù)，應該為-m，將-M修改成-m后，再執(zhí)行Install腳本，安裝成功。此時服務已經啟動，可以使用如下命令確定服務是否已經啟動：
- ~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ ps aux | grep Darwin
- root 10963 0.0 0.0 4368 456 ? Ss 21:23 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer
- qtss 10964 0.0 0.0 38032 2456 ? Sl 21:23 0:00 /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer
- 1000 11003 0.0 0.0 3004 760 pts/1 R+ 21:24 0:00 grep Darwin
如果希望機器啟動后自動運行流媒體服務器，輸入如下命令：
- ~/tmp/DarwinStreamingSrvrlinux-Linux$ cd /etc/rc3.d
- /etc/rc3.d$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl s20streamingserver
如果要手動啟動服務，運行streamingadminserver.pl程序。
二、配置
Darwin Streaming Server采用了web管理模式，可以在本機的瀏覽器中輸入：http://127.0.0.1:1220 。然后輸入在安裝流媒體服務器時設置的用戶名稱和密碼。
第一次登錄時，接著會出現(xiàn)設置向導。首先是一個MP3 廣播密碼設置對話框，在其“New Password”和“Re-enter New Password”輸入自己想設置的密碼。然后點擊“Next”按鈕繼續(xù)。
為了保證數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)陌踩枰梢栽谶@里鉤選“Secure Administration（SSL）”（安全管理），前提是您已經有了可用的SSL 證書。一般可以不選。直接點擊“Next”按鈕繼續(xù)。
接下來要設置的是媒體文件的存放主目錄。這個目錄要記住，在服務器中以后添加媒體文件時就要加在這個目錄中。設置完畢點擊“Next”按鈕繼續(xù)。
最后設置默認傳輸端口，如果設置了“Streaming on Port80”則此服務器的訪問可以突破防火墻，但如果您在此服務器上同時建有Apache 等占用80端口的服務。則建議您不要設置此端口。這里如果您沒有什么特殊要求的話，使用缺省配置即可。直接點擊“Finish”按鈕。
自此流媒體服務器的設置就告一段落，如果您要作進一步的設置，可以通過此管理頁面，在其左側點擊相應的選項，進行設置。也可以通過此對前面所做的設置進行更改。
三、在線播放
流媒體服務器部署完畢后，我們就可以使用自己喜歡的播放器在線播放了。例如，在本機上打開Movie Player, 在地址欄輸入:
- rtsp://127.0.0.1/sample_100kbit.mp4
就可以看到一段QuickTime演示視頻。
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