xpdf 中文man頁(yè)面

作者：佚名 2011-08-15 15:45:04

Xpdf是一個(gè) Portable Document Format(PDF) 文件閱讀軟件.(PDF文件也經(jīng)常被稱為Acrobat 文件,這種叫法來(lái)源于Adobe公司的PDF軟件的名字.) Xpdf運(yùn)行在UNIX,VMS和OS/2的X Window系統(tǒng)下.

名字

xpdf -Portable Document Format(PDF)文件閱讀器(版本0.90)

總覽

xpdf [選項(xiàng)] [PDF文件 [page]]

描述

運(yùn)行xpdf,只要鍵入:

: xpdf file.pdf

file.pdf 是你的PDF文件.文件名字后面可以跟隨一個(gè)數(shù)字,用于指定最先顯示的頁(yè)面的頁(yè)碼,比如:

: xpdf file.pdf 18

你當(dāng)然也可以啟動(dòng)xpdf而不打開(kāi)任何文件.

: xpdf

選項(xiàng)

方括弧中列出了X資源和相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)

-err: 將錯(cuò)誤信息指定送到/dev/tty而不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤中(此選項(xiàng)當(dāng)xpdf被其它程序,比如netscape,打開(kāi)時(shí),十分有用,否則,每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤都會(huì)彈出一個(gè)令人討厭的小窗口).
-z zoom: 設(shè)定初始的放大因子.放大因子是(-5..5)之間的一個(gè)數(shù)字,其中0表示72dpi.你也可以通過(guò)`page`設(shè)定顯示頁(yè)面大小配合窗口大小,或者通過(guò)`width`設(shè)定顯示頁(yè)面寬度配合窗口寬度. [xpdf.initialZoom]
-g geometry: 設(shè)定窗口的初始幾何參數(shù). (相當(dāng)于-geometry.) [xpdf.geometry]
-remote name]: 啟動(dòng)/連接名為name的xpdf遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器(參見(jiàn)后面的"遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器模式"部分)
-raise: 建立xpdf遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器窗口.(僅適用于-remote時(shí))
-quit: 退出xpdf遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器.(僅適用于-remote時(shí))
-cmap: 安裝一個(gè)自定義的色彩地圖.此選項(xiàng)在TrueColor模式下無(wú)效. [xpdf.installCmap]
-rgb number: 設(shè)置xpdf將要分配的最大RGB值.缺省值是5(即RGB值5x5x5); 設(shè)置一個(gè)小數(shù)值,可以節(jié)省色彩表記錄.在自定義色彩地圖和TrueColor模式下,此選項(xiàng)無(wú)效.
-papercolor color: 設(shè)置"頁(yè)面色彩",比如,頁(yè)面的顯示背景.當(dāng)pdf文件出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似在字符后填充白色等情況的時(shí)候,此選項(xiàng)無(wú)法正常工作. [xpdf.paperColor]
-eucjp: 復(fù)制字符時(shí),將日文字符轉(zhuǎn)換成EUC-JP編碼.這是至今為止唯一的日文字符轉(zhuǎn)換選項(xiàng)---它的唯一作用就是將非日文字符轉(zhuǎn)換成7-bit的ASCII,以便于配合EUC-JP編碼.(此選項(xiàng)只有在編譯pdftotext時(shí)加上日文支持才有效) [xpdf.eucjp]
-t1lib font-type: 設(shè)定使用t1lib類(lèi)型的字體提供器.選項(xiàng)為`none`(完全不使用t1lib),`plain`(使用non-anti-aliased字體),`low`或`high`(使用low-level或者h(yuǎn)igh-level anti-aliased 字體). [xpdf.t1libControl]
-ps PS-file: 設(shè)定缺省的PostScript輸出文件的名字.此選項(xiàng)也可以以`|command`的形式,通過(guò)某個(gè)命令來(lái)管道PostScript文件. [xpdf.psFile]
-paperw size: 設(shè)定頁(yè)面寬度,單位是像素點(diǎn). [xpdf.psPaperWidth]
-paperh size: 設(shè)定頁(yè)面高度,單位是像素點(diǎn). [xpdf.psPaperHeight]
-level1: 產(chǎn)生Level1 PostScript文件.輸出的PostScript文件相當(dāng)?shù)拇?如果它包含圖片的話),但是確可以在Level 1打印機(jī)上打印輸出.此選項(xiàng)將所有的圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成黑白圖像. [xpdf.psLevel1]
-cmd: 打印出命令的執(zhí)行結(jié)果(在調(diào)試時(shí)有用)
-q: 不打印任何信息或者錯(cuò)誤
-h: 打印幫助信息 (相當(dāng)于-help)

一些其他的X選項(xiàng)和資源同樣可以如預(yù)期的一樣執(zhí)行

-display display: [xpdf.display]
-fg color: [相當(dāng)于-foreground] [xpdf.foreground] -bg color (相當(dāng)于-background) [xpdf.background]
-font font: (相當(dāng)于-fn) [xpdf.font]

色彩和字體選項(xiàng)只影響用戶界面部分,不影響PDF文件的顯示.(`paper`)

下列的X資源沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的命令行選項(xiàng)

xpdf.urlCommand: 設(shè)定,當(dāng)你點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈接時(shí)執(zhí)行的命令.詳情參見(jiàn)后面的 網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器 部分.
xpdf.japaneseFont: 設(shè)定用于使用日文字符的相應(yīng)的X字體模式.缺省的是:

: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-jisx0208.1983-0

xpdf.viKeys: 設(shè)定將左,右,上和下的滾動(dòng)由`h`,`l`,`k`和`j`鍵執(zhí)行.

下面的資源用于設(shè)定文件名字使用的14種基本的Type 1字體.

: xpdf.t1TimesRoman
xpdf.t1TimesItalic
xpdf.t1TimesBold
xpdf.t1TimesBoldItalic
xpdf.t1Helvetica
xpdf.t1HelveticaOblique
xpdf.t1HelveticaBold
xpdf.t1HelveticaBoldOblique
xpdf.t1Courier
xpdf.t1CourierOblique
xpdf.t1CourierBold
xpdf.t1CourierBoldOblique
xpdf.t1Symbol
xpdf.t1ZapfDingbats

如果激活t1lib,這些Type 1字體將被用于取代X服務(wù)器的字體.

控制

屏幕控制在xpdf窗口的底部.

左/右箭頭按鍵: 翻到前/后一頁(yè)
雙左/右箭頭按鍵: 向前/后翻動(dòng)10頁(yè)
破折號(hào)左/右箭頭按鍵: 沿著歷史路徑向前/后翻動(dòng)
`Page`輸入框: 翻到指定的頁(yè)碼.通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊激活輸入框,輸入頁(yè)碼,然后回車(chē).
放大縮小彈出菜單: 調(diào)整放大因子.(參見(jiàn)前面-z選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)明)
望遠(yuǎn)鏡按鍵: 查找某個(gè)文本.
打印機(jī)按鍵: 彈出一個(gè)產(chǎn)生PostScript文件的對(duì)話框.對(duì)話框可以設(shè)定需要打印的頁(yè)面和PostScript文件的名字.當(dāng)文件名字為'-'時(shí),代表標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出,或者用'|command'通過(guò)某個(gè)命令來(lái)管道PostScript, 比如,'|lpr'.
'?'按鍵: 彈出一個(gè)'about xpdf'窗口.
鏈接信息: 當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)移動(dòng)到某個(gè)鏈接的上面,`?`和`Quit`按鍵之間的空間用來(lái)顯示鏈接地址或者外部文件名.
`Quit`按鍵: 退出xpdf.

菜單

按鼠標(biāo)右鍵,會(huì)彈出一個(gè)含有以下命令的彈出菜單.

Open...: 通過(guò)文件選擇器打開(kāi)一個(gè)新文件.
Save PDF...: 通過(guò)文件選擇器保存現(xiàn)有文件.
Rotate left: 將當(dāng)前頁(yè)面逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90度.
Rotate right: 將當(dāng)前頁(yè)面順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)90度.這兩個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)命令主要是為了那些沒(méi)有在文件中正確指定旋轉(zhuǎn)信息的PDF文件設(shè)計(jì)的,即使您的X服務(wù)器不支持字體旋轉(zhuǎn),它依然起作用.
Quit: 退出xpdf.

字符選擇

按住鼠標(biāo)并拖動(dòng)它,可以高亮出一個(gè)任意的矩形.任何在此矩形中的字符都會(huì)被復(fù)制到X選擇緩沖中去.

鏈接

點(diǎn)擊一個(gè)超級(jí)鏈接可以跳轉(zhuǎn)到此鏈接的目標(biāo)地址中去.一個(gè)指向某個(gè)PDF文件的鏈接將促使xpdf打開(kāi)此文件.一個(gè)指向某可執(zhí)行程序的`launch`的鏈接將彈出一個(gè)對(duì)話框,如果您點(diǎn)擊`ok`,就會(huì)執(zhí)行此程序.URL鏈接調(diào)出某個(gè)外部命令.(參見(jiàn)下面網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器部分.)

滾動(dòng)

按住鼠標(biāo)中鍵并拖動(dòng)之,可以滾動(dòng)頁(yè)面.

快捷鍵

o: 通過(guò)文件選擇器打開(kāi)一個(gè)新PDF文件.
f: 查找字符串.
n: 翻到下一頁(yè).
p: 翻到前一頁(yè).
空格鍵,PageDown鍵或者Next鍵: 向下滾動(dòng)當(dāng)前頁(yè)面,如果已經(jīng)到達(dá)當(dāng)前頁(yè)面低部,則翻到下一頁(yè).
Backspace鍵,Delete鍵,PageUp或者Previous鍵: 向上滾動(dòng)當(dāng)前頁(yè)面,如果已經(jīng)到達(dá)頁(yè)面頂部,則翻到前一頁(yè).
Home鍵: 滾動(dòng)到當(dāng)前頁(yè)面頂部.
End鍵: 滾動(dòng)到當(dāng)前頁(yè)面低部.
箭頭鍵: 滾動(dòng)當(dāng)前頁(yè)面.
control-L: 更新當(dāng)前頁(yè)面.
q: 退出xpdf.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器

如果您希望點(diǎn)擊一個(gè)指向PDF文件的鏈接時(shí),從netscape或者mosaic(或者其他的瀏覽器)中自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)xpdf,您需要在您的用戶目錄下修改(或者創(chuàng)建) .mime.types 和 .mailcap 文件. 在 .mime.types 中加入一行:

: application/pdf pdf

在 .mailcap 中加入:

: # Use xpdf to view PDF files.

: application/pdf; xpdf -err %s

確認(rèn)xpdf在您的可執(zhí)行查找路徑中.

當(dāng)您點(diǎn)擊一個(gè)PDF文件中的URL鏈接,xpdf將執(zhí)行一個(gè)由xpdf.urlCommand資源指定的命令,并將資源中`%s`替換為相應(yīng)的URL.比如,指定netscape打開(kāi)URL,可以這樣設(shè)定資源.

: xpdf.urlCommand: netscape -remote `openURL(%s)`

遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器模式

通過(guò)指定一個(gè)服務(wù)器的名字,xpdf可以以遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器模式打開(kāi)(和文件名,頁(yè)碼).

: xpdf -remote myServer file.pdf

如果沒(méi)有xpdf運(yùn)行在以myServer為名字的服務(wù)器模式中,那么一個(gè)新的xpdf窗口會(huì)被打開(kāi).此時(shí),如果鍵入另一個(gè)命令:

: xpdf -remote myServer another.pdf 9

則不會(huì)啟動(dòng)新的xpdf,而前一個(gè)xpdf(服務(wù)器)將會(huì)打開(kāi) another.pdf 并且顯示第9頁(yè).如果文件名字相同:

: xpdf -remote myServer another.pdf 4

xpdf服務(wù)器將會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單的顯示指定的頁(yè)面.

-raise選項(xiàng)通知服務(wù)器喚醒它的窗口.它既可以后面跟隨文件名和頁(yè)碼也可以單獨(dú)使用.

-quit選項(xiàng)通知服務(wù)器關(guān)閉窗口并且退出.

選項(xiàng)文件

xpdf會(huì)從您的用戶目錄(如果有的話)中讀取一個(gè)叫做 .xpdfrc 的文件.這個(gè)文件可以包含兩種條目.

fontpath directory: 在 dicrectory 中尋找Type 1字體. Xpdf只通過(guò)此條目獲得字體編碼.為了顯示,還要通過(guò) fontmap 條目來(lái)布局字體.
fontmap PDF-font X-font: 將 PDF-font (PDF文件中指定的)布局到 X-font 中去,X-font必須是一個(gè)在像素大小位置上含有`%s`的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)X字體描述.

比如,使用

: fontmap TimesCE-Roman -*-times-medium-r-*-*-%s-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-2

來(lái)布局Central European(Latin-2)版的Times-Roman字體.這里假設(shè)您已經(jīng)安裝了適當(dāng)?shù)腦字體(參見(jiàn) mkfontdir(1) ). Xpdf理解ISO8859-2編碼,所以您不需要這些字體的 fontpath 條目. 使用Bakoma Type 1字體,可以這樣做:

: fontpath /home/derekn/fonts/bakoma
fontmap cmb10 -bakoma-cmb10-medium-r-normal--%s-*-*-*-p-*-adobe-fontspecific
fontmap cmbsy10 -bakoma-cmbsy10-medium-r-normal--%s-*-*-*-p-*-adobe-fontspecific
etc...

這里假設(shè)Type 1字體在目錄 /home/derekn/fonts/bakoma 下.

臭蟲(chóng)

不支持TypeType和Type 3字體.

作者

另見(jiàn)

pdftops(1). pdftotext(1). pdfinfo(1). pdftopbm(1). pdfimages(1).
http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/

#p#

NAME

xpdf - Portable Document Format (PDF) file viewer for X (version 3.00)

SYNOPSIS

xpdf [options] [PDF-file [page | +dest]]

DESCRIPTION

Xpdf is a viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF) files. (These are also sometimes also called 'Acrobat' files, from the name of Adobe's PDF software.) Xpdf runs under the X Window System on UNIX, VMS, and OS/2.

To run xpdf, simply type:

: xpdf file.pdf

where file.pdf is your PDF file. The file name can be followed by a number specifying the page which should be displayed first, e.g.:

: xpdf file.pdf 18

You can also give a named destination, prefixed with '+' in place of the page number.

You can also start xpdf without opening any files:

: xpdf

CONFIGURATION FILE

Xpdf reads a configuration file at startup. It first tries to find the user's private config file, ~/.xpdfrc. If that doesn't exist, it looks for a system-wide config file, typically /etc/xpdfrc (but this location can be changed when xpdf is built). See the xpdfrc(5) man page for details.

OPTIONS

Many of the following options can be set with configuration file commands or X resources. These are listed in square brackets with the description of the corresponding command line option.

-g geometry: Set the initial window geometry. (-geometry is equivalent.) [X resource: xpdf.geometry]
-title title: Set the window title. By default, the title will be "xpdf: foo.pdf". [X resource: xpdf.title]
-cmap: Install a private colormap. This is ignored on TrueColor visuals. [X resource: xpdf.installCmap]
-rgb number: Set the size of largest RGB cube xpdf will try to allocate. The default is 5 (for a 5x5x5 cube); set to a smaller number to conserve color table entries. This is ignored with private colormaps and on TrueColor visuals. [X resource: xpdf.rgbCubeSize]
-rv: Set reverse video mode. This reverses the colors of everything except images. It may not always produce great results for PDF files which do weird things with color. This also causes the paper color to default to black. [X resource: xpdf.reverseVideo]
-papercolor color: Set the "paper color", i.e., the background of the page display. This will not work too well with PDF files that do things like filling in white behind the text. [X resource: xpdf.paperColor]
-z zoom: Set the initial zoom factor. A number specifies a zoom percentage, where 100 means 72 dpi.You may also specify 'page', to fit the page to the window size, or 'width', to fit the page width to the window width. [config file: initialZoom; or X resource: xpdf.initialZoom]
-t1lib yes | no: Enable or disable t1lib (a Type 1 font rasterizer). This defaults to "yes". [config file: enableT1lib]
-freetype yes | no: Enable or disable FreeType (a TrueType / Type 1 font rasterizer). This defaults to "yes". [config file: enableFreeType]
-aa yes | no: Enable or disable font anti-aliasing. This defaults to "yes". [config file: antialias]
-ps PS-file: Set the default file name for PostScript output. This can also be of the form '|command' to pipe the PostScript through a command. [config file: psFile]
-paper size: Set the paper size to one of "letter", "legal", "A4", or "A3". This can also be set to "match", which will set the paper size to match the size specified in the PDF file. [config file: psPaperSize]
-paperw size: Set the paper width, in points. [config file: psPaperSize]
-paperh size: Set the paper height, in points. [config file: psPaperSize]
-level1: Generate Level 1 PostScript. The resulting PostScript files will be significantly larger (if they contain images), but will print on Level 1 printers. This also converts all images to black and white. [config file: psLevel]
-enc encoding-name: Sets the encoding to use for text output. The encoding-name must be defined with the unicodeMap command (see xpdfrc(5)). This defaults to "Latin1" (which is a built-in encoding). [config file: textEncoding]
-eol unix | dos | mac: Sets the end-of-line convention to use for text output. [config file: textEOL]
-opw password: Specify the owner password for the PDF file. Providing this will bypass all security restrictions.
-upw password: Specify the user password for the PDF file.
-fullscreen: Open xpdf in a full-screen mode, useful for presentations. You may also want to specify '-bg black' (or similar) with this. (There is currently no way to switch between window and full-screen modes on the fly.)
-remote name: Start/contact xpdf remote server with specified name (see the REMOTE SERVER MODE section below).
-reload: Reload xpdf remote server window (with -remote only).
-raise: Raise xpdf remote server window (with -remote only).
-quit: Kill xpdf remote server (with -remote only).
-cmd: Print commands as they're executed (useful for debugging). [config file: printCommands]
-q: Don't print any messages or errors. [config file: errQuiet]
-cfg config-file: Read config-file in place of ~/.xpdfrc or the system-wide config file.
-v: Print copyright and version information.
-h: Print usage information. (-help and --help are equivalent.)

Several other standard X options and resources will work as expected:

-display display: [X resource: xpdf.display]
-fg color: (-foreground is equivalent.) [X resource: xpdf*Foreground]
-bg color: (-background is equivalent.) [X resource: xpdf*Background]
-font font: (-fn is equivalent.) [X resource: xpdf*fontList]

The color and font options only affect the user interface elements, not the PDF display (the 'paper').

The following X resources do not have command line option equivalents:

xpdf.viKeys: Enables the 'h', 'l', 'k' and 'j' keys for left, right, up, and down scrolling.

CONTROLS

On-screen controls, at the bottom of the xpdf window

left/right arrow buttons: Move to the previous/next page.
double left/right arrow buttons: Move backward or forward by ten pages.
dashed left/right arrow buttons: Move backward or forward along the history path.
'Page' entry box: Move to a specific page number. Click in the box to activate it, type the page number, then hit return.
zoom popup menu: Change the zoom factor (see the description of the -z option above).
binoculars button: Find a text string.
print button: Bring up a dialog for generating a PostScript file. The dialog has options to set the pages to be printed and the PostScript file name. The file name can be '-' for stdout or '|command' to pipe the PostScript through a command, e.g., '|lpr'.
'?' button: Bring up the 'about xpdf' window.
link info: The space between the '?' and 'Quit' buttons is used to show the URL or external file name when the mouse is over a link.
'Quit' button: Quit xpdf.

Open...: Open a new PDF file via a file requester.
Open in new window...: Create a new window and open a new PDF file via a file requester.
Reload: Reload the current PDF file. Note that Xpdf will reload the file automatically (on a page change or redraw) if it has changed since it was last loaded.
Save as...: Save the current file via a file requester.
Rotate counterclockwise: Rotate the page 90 degrees counterclockwise.
Rotate clockwise: Rotate the page 90 degrees clockwise. The two rotate commands are intended primarily for PDF files where the rotation isn't correctly specified in the file.
Close: Close the current window. If this is the only open window, the document is closed, but the window is left open (i.e., this menu command won't quit xpdf).
Quit: Quit xpdf.

Outline

If the PDF contains an outline (a.k.a., bookmarks), there will be an outline pane on the left side of the window. The width of the outline pane is adjustable with a vertical split bar via the knob near its bottom end.

Text selection

Dragging the mouse with the left button held down will highlight an arbitrary rectangle. Any text inside this rectangle will be copied to the X selection buffer.

Links

Clicking on a hyperlink will jump to the link's destination. A link to another PDF document will make xpdf load that document. A 'launch' link to an executable program will display a dialog, and if you click 'ok', execute the program. URL links call an external command (see the WEB BROWSERS section below).

Panning

Dragging the mouse with the middle button held down pans the window.

Key bindings

o: Open a new PDF file via a file requester.
r: Reload the current PDF file. Note that Xpdf will reload the file automatically (on a page change or redraw) if it has changed since it was last loaded.
control-L: Redraw the current page.
control-W: Close the current window.
f or control-F: Find a text string.
control-G: Find next occurrence.
control-P: Print.
n: Move to the next page. Scrolls to the top of the page, unless scroll lock is turned on.
p: Move to the previous page. Scrolls to the top of the page, unless scroll lock is turned on.
<Space> or <PageDown> or <Next>: Scroll down on the current page; if already at bottom, move to next page.
<Backspace> or <Delete> or <PageUp> or <Previous>: Scroll up on the current page; if already at top, move to previous page.
v: Move forward along the history path.
b: Move backward along the history path.
<Home>: Scroll to top of current page.
<End>: Scroll to bottom of current page.
control-<Home>: Scroll to first page of document.
control-<End>: Scroll to last page of document.
arrows: Scroll the current page.
g: Activate the page number text field ("goto page").
0: Set the zoom factor to zero (72 dpi).
+: Zoom in (increment the zoom factor by 1).
-: Zoom out (decrement the zoom factor by 1).
z: Set the zoom factor to 'page' (fit page to window).
w: Set the zoom factor to 'width' (fit page width to window).
q: Quit xpdf.

WEB BROWSERS

If you want to run xpdf automatically from netscape or mosaic (and probably other browsers) when you click on a link to a PDF file, you need to edit (or create) the files .mime.types and .mailcap in your home directory. In .mime.types add the line:

: application/pdf pdf

In .mailcap add the lines:

: # Use xpdf to view PDF files.

: application/pdf; xpdf -q %s

Make sure that xpdf is on your executable search path.

When you click on a URL link in a PDF file, xpdf will execute the command specified by the urlCommand config file option, replacing an occurrence of '%s' with the URL. For example, to call netscape with the URL, add this line to your config file:

: urlCommand "netscape -remote 'openURL(%s)'"

REMOTE SERVER MODE

Xpdf can be started in remote server mode by specifying a server name (in addition to the file name and page number). For example:

: xpdf -remote myServer file.pdf

If there is currently no xpdf running in server mode with the name 'myServer', a new xpdf window will be opened. If another command:

: xpdf -remote myServer another.pdf 9

is issued, a new copy of xpdf will not be started. Instead, the first xpdf (the server) will load another.pdf and display page nine. If the file name is the same:

: xpdf -remote myServer another.pdf 4

the xpdf server will simply display the specified page.

The -raise option tells the server to raise its window; it can be specified with or without a file name and page number.

The -quit option tells the server to close its window and exit.

EXIT CODES

The Xpdf tools use the following exit codes:

0: No error.
1: Error opening a PDF file.
2: Error opening an output file.
3: Error related to PDF permissions.
99: Other error.

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