MySQL死鎖問題實例分析及解決方法
MySQL死鎖問題的相關(guān)知識是本文我們主要要介紹的內(nèi)容,接下來我們就來一一介紹這部分內(nèi)容,希望能夠?qū)δ兴鶐椭?/p>
1、MySQL常用存儲引擎的鎖機制
MyISAM和MEMORY采用表級鎖(table-level locking)
BDB采用頁面鎖(page-level locking)或表級鎖,默認為頁面鎖
InnoDB支持行級鎖(row-level locking)和表級鎖,默認為行級鎖
2、各種鎖特點
表級鎖:開銷小,加鎖快;不會出現(xiàn)死鎖;鎖定粒度大,發(fā)生鎖沖突的概率***,并發(fā)度***
行級鎖:開銷大,加鎖慢;會出現(xiàn)死鎖;鎖定粒度最小,發(fā)生鎖沖突的概率***,并發(fā)度也***
頁面鎖:開銷和加鎖時間界于表鎖和行鎖之間;會出現(xiàn)死鎖;鎖定粒度界于表鎖和行鎖之間,并發(fā)度一般
3、各種鎖的適用場景
表級鎖更適合于以查詢?yōu)橹?只有少量按索引條件更新數(shù)據(jù)的應用,如Web應用
行級鎖則更適合于有大量按索引條件并發(fā)更新數(shù)據(jù),同時又有并發(fā)查詢的應用,如一些在線事務(wù)處理系統(tǒng)
4、死鎖
是指兩個或兩個以上的進程在執(zhí)行過程中,因爭奪資源而造成的一種互相等待的現(xiàn)象,若無外力作用,它們都將無法推進下去。
表級鎖不會產(chǎn)生死鎖.所以解決死鎖主要還是針對于最常用的InnoDB.
5、死鎖舉例分析
在MySQL中,行級鎖并不是直接鎖記錄,而是鎖索引。索引分為主鍵索引和非主鍵索引兩種,如果一條sql語句操作了主鍵索引,MySQL就會鎖定這條主鍵索引;如果一條語句操作了非主鍵索引,MySQL會先鎖定該非主鍵索引,再鎖定相關(guān)的主鍵索引。
在UPDATE、DELETE操作時,MySQL不僅鎖定WHERE條件掃描過的所有索引記錄,而且會鎖定相鄰的鍵值,即所謂的next-key locking。
例如,一個表db.tab_test,結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
id:主鍵;
state:狀態(tài);
time:時間;
索引:idx_1 (state, time)
出現(xiàn)死鎖日志如下:
- ***(1) TRANSACTION:
- TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OS thread id 278546 starting index read
- mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
- LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320
- MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update
- update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute) (任務(wù)1的sql語句)
- ***(1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任務(wù)1等待的索引記錄)
- RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833455 _mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
- Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
- 0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc xxx.com/;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
- *** (2) TRANSACTION:
- TRANSACTION 0 677833454, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11397, OS thread id 344086 updating or deleting, thread declared inside InnoDB 499
- mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
- 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 1
- MySQL thread id 84, query id 162348739 dcnet03 dcnet Updating update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180) (任務(wù)2的sql語句)
- *** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): (任務(wù)2已獲得的鎖)
- RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
- Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0
- 0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc uploadfire.com/hand.php;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;
- *** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任務(wù)2等待的鎖)
- RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 843102 n bits 600 index `idx_1` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
- Record lock, heap no 395 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 3; compact format; info bits 0
- 0: len 8; hex 8000000000000425; asc %;; 1: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 2: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;;
- *** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)
- (回滾了任務(wù)1,以解除死鎖)
原因分析:
當“update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute)”執(zhí)行時,MySQL會使用idx_1索引,因此首先鎖定相關(guān)的索引記錄,因為idx_1是非主鍵索引,為執(zhí)行該語句,MySQL還會鎖定主鍵索引。
假設(shè)“update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)”幾乎同時執(zhí)行時,本語句首先鎖定主鍵索引,由于需要更新state的值,所以還需要鎖定idx_1的某些索引記錄。
這樣***條語句鎖定了idx_1的記錄,等待主鍵索引,而第二條語句則鎖定了主鍵索引記錄,而等待idx_1的記錄,這樣死鎖就產(chǎn)生了。
6、解決辦法
拆分***條sql,先查出符合條件的主鍵值,再按照主鍵更新記錄:
- select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute);
- update tab_test state=1064,time=now() where id in(......);
關(guān)于MySQL死鎖問題的實例分析及解決方法就介紹到這里了,希望本次的介紹能夠?qū)δ兴斋@!
【編輯推薦】