在處理大文件時，如果利用普通的FileInputStream 或者FileOutputStream 抑或RandomAccessFile 來進(jìn)行頻繁的讀寫操作，都將導(dǎo)致進(jìn)程因頻繁讀寫外存而降低速度.如下為一個對比實驗。

package test;  
 
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;  
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;  
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;  
 
public class Test {  
 
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        try {  
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("/home/tobacco/test/res.txt");  
            int sum=0;  
            int n;  
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();  
            try {  
                while((n=fis.read())>=0){  
                    sum+=n;  
                }  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
            long t=System.currentTimeMillis()-t1;  
            System.out.println("sum:"+sum+"  time:"+t);  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
          
        try {  
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("/home/tobacco/test/res.txt");  
            BufferedInputStream bis=new BufferedInputStream(fis);  
            int sum=0;  
            int n;  
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();  
            try {  
                while((n=bis.read())>=0){  
                    sum+=n;  
                }  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
            long t=System.currentTimeMillis()-t1;  
            System.out.println("sum:"+sum+"  time:"+t);  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
          
        MappedByteBuffer buffer=null;  
        try {  
            buffer=new RandomAccessFile("/home/tobacco/test/res.txt","rw").getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, 1253244);  
            int sum=0;  
            int n;  
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();  
            for(int i=0;i<1253244;i++){  
                n=0x000000ff&buffer.get(i);  
                sum+=n;  
            }  
            long t=System.currentTimeMillis()-t1;  
            System.out.println("sum:"+sum+"  time:"+t);  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
 
    }  
 
}  

測試文件為一個大小為1253244字節(jié)的文件。測試結(jié)果：

sum:220152087 time:1464  
sum:220152087 time:72  
sum:220152087 time:25 

說明讀數(shù)據(jù)無誤。刪去其中的數(shù)據(jù)處理部分。

package test;  
 
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;  
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;  
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;  
 
public class Test {  
 
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        try {  
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("/home/tobacco/test/res.txt");  
            int sum=0;  
            int n;  
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();  
            try {  
                while((n=fis.read())>=0){  
                    //sum+=n;  
                }  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
            long t=System.currentTimeMillis()-t1;  
            System.out.println("sum:"+sum+"  time:"+t);  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
          
        try {  
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("/home/tobacco/test/res.txt");  
            BufferedInputStream bis=new BufferedInputStream(fis);  
            int sum=0;  
            int n;  
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();  
            try {  
                while((n=bis.read())>=0){  
                    //sum+=n;  
                }  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
            long t=System.currentTimeMillis()-t1;  
            System.out.println("sum:"+sum+"  time:"+t);  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
          
        MappedByteBuffer buffer=null;  
        try {  
            buffer=new RandomAccessFile("/home/tobacco/test/res.txt","rw").getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, 1253244);  
            int sum=0;  
            int n;  
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();  
            for(int i=0;i<1253244;i++){  
                //n=0x000000ff&buffer.get(i);  
                //sum+=n;  
            }  
            long t=System.currentTimeMillis()-t1;  
            System.out.println("sum:"+sum+"  time:"+t);  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
 
    }  
 
} 

測試結(jié)果：

sum:0 time:1458  
sum:0 time:67  
sum:0 time:8 

由此可見，將文件部分或者全部映射到內(nèi)存后進(jìn)行讀寫，速度將提高很多。

這是因為內(nèi)存映射文件首先將外存上的文件映射到內(nèi)存中的一塊連續(xù)區(qū)域，被當(dāng)成一個字節(jié)數(shù)組進(jìn)行處理，讀寫操作直接對內(nèi)存進(jìn)行操作，而后再將內(nèi)存區(qū)域重新映射到外存文件，這就節(jié)省了中間頻繁的對外存進(jìn)行讀寫的時間，大大降低了讀寫時間。

原文鏈接：http://blog.csdn.net/tobacco5648/article/details/7679105