Inxi:Linux上查看硬件信息的一款神器
譯文【2014年1月13日 51CTO外電頭條】Linux用戶們平時(shí)糾結(jié)的一件很常見的事情就是,查看操作系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)到了什么硬件,這些硬件運(yùn)行狀況又如何。由于除非操作系統(tǒng)可識(shí)別某硬件,否則它根本不會(huì)使用該硬件。不過外頭有一大批命令可以查看硬件信息。
桌面端有為數(shù)不少的圖形用戶界面(GUI)工具,比如hardinfo和sysinfo等等,但是有一款普通的命令行工具卻實(shí)用得多,而這方面正是Inxi所擅長(zhǎng)的。Inxi是一組腳本,可以檢測(cè)關(guān)于硬件的一大堆信息,包括廠商詳細(xì)信息和設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序配置等。而最重要的是,它能夠以一種易于閱讀的格式,打印輸出各種信息。
安裝inxi
Inxi就在大多數(shù)發(fā)行版的默認(rèn)軟件庫里面,所以可以迅速獲得。
- # Ubuntu/Debian用戶
- $ sudo apt-get install inxi
- # CentOS/Fedora用戶
- $ sudo yum install inxi
如果inxi沒在你所用的發(fā)行版上,那么可以通過按照這里給出的指示,安裝它。
使用inxi
Inxi隨帶數(shù)量眾多的選項(xiàng),可以盡量詳細(xì)地顯示關(guān)于不同硬件部件的更多信息。所以在本文中我們將僅僅探討一些基本方面來開始入手;有興趣的話,你可以探究其余方面。
1. 運(yùn)行Inxi
為了獲得你硬件的簡(jiǎn)要信息,只要按下面這樣運(yùn)行inxi。
- $ inxi -c 5
- CPU~Quad core Intel Core2 Quad CPU Q8400 (-MCP-) clocked at 1998.000 Mhz Kernel~3.11.0
- -12-generic x86_64 Up~1:43 Mem~4774.1/7975.7MB HDD~500.1GB(38.8% used) Procs~301 Client
- ~Shell inxi~1.9.12
顏色方案:Inxi的輸出結(jié)果標(biāo)以顏色;如果你需要改變顏色,以便更一目了然,只要使用c選項(xiàng),后面再跟上一個(gè)0到32之間的隨機(jī)數(shù)。
2. 獲得基本信息
b標(biāo)記會(huì)顯示關(guān)于系統(tǒng)的數(shù)量眾多的基本信息。
- $ inxi -c 5 -b
- System: Host: enlightened Kernel: 3.11.0-12-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: KDE 4.11.2 Distro: Ubuntu 13.10
- Machine: Mobo: Intel model: DG35EC version: AAE29266-210
- Bios: Intel version: ECG3510M.86A.0112.2009.0203.1136 date: 02/03/2009
- CPU: Quad core Intel Core2 Quad CPU Q8400 (-MCP-) clocked at 1998.00 MHz
- Graphics: Card: Intel 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
- X.Org: 1.14.3 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1360x768@60.0hz
- GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel 965G GLX Version: 2.1 Mesa 9.2.1
- Network: Card: Intel 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection driver: e1000e
- Drives: HDD Total Size: 500.1GB (38.8% used)
- Info: Processes: 304 Uptime: 1:50 Memory: 4983.3/7975.7MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 1.9.12
關(guān)于系統(tǒng)的輸出信息含有大量信息,涉及處理器、圖形卡、驅(qū)動(dòng)器和安裝的操作系統(tǒng)。你在安裝驅(qū)動(dòng)程序或診斷問題時(shí),這些信息非常有用。
3. 打印輸出硬驅(qū)分區(qū)信息
現(xiàn)在不妨打印輸出關(guān)于硬驅(qū)分區(qū)的信息。它會(huì)打印輸出所有已掛載的分區(qū)以及掛載點(diǎn)及磁盤使用信息。
- $ inxi -p
- Partition: ID: / size: 97G used: 22G (24%) fs: ext4 ID: /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 size: 196G used: 132G (71%) fs: ext4
- ID: /media/4668484A68483B47 size: 98G used: 28G (29%) fs: fuseblk ID: swap-1 size: 2.05GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap
想打印輸出未掛載分區(qū)以及已掛載分區(qū)的信息,只要使用帶p的o選項(xiàng)。
- $ inxi -p
- Partition: ID: / size: 97G used: 22G (24%) fs: ext4 ID: /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f
- -9dfaebefd6c1 size: 196G used: 132G (71%) fs: ext4
- ID: /media/4668484A68483B47 size: 98G used: 28G (29%) fs: fuseblk ID: swap-
- 1 size: 2.05GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap
- enlightened@enlightened:~$ inxi -po
- Partition: ID: / size: 97G used: 22G (24%) fs: ext4 ID: /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f
- -9dfaebefd6c1 size: 196G used: 132G (71%) fs: ext4
- ID: /media/4668484A68483B47 size: 98G used: 28G (29%) fs: fuseblk ID: swap-
- 1 size: 2.05GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap
- Unmounted: ID: /dev/sda1 size: 75.16G label: N/A uuid: 5E38BE8B38BE6227
使用D選項(xiàng),打印輸出硬驅(qū)的詳細(xì)信息,比如品牌、型號(hào)和尺寸。
- $ inxi -D
- Drives: HDD Total Size: 500.1GB (38.8% used) 1: id: /dev/sda model: ST3500418AS size: 500.1GB
4. 光驅(qū)的詳細(xì)信息
打印輸出所有驅(qū)動(dòng)器的完整信息,包括所有硬驅(qū)和光驅(qū)及其具體規(guī)格。
- $ inxi -d
- Drives: HDD Total Size: 500.1GB (38.8% used) 1: id: /dev/sda model: ST3500418AS size: 500.1GB
- Optical: /dev/sr0 model: N/A dev-links: cdrom
- Features: speed: 12x multisession: yes audio: yes dvd: yes rw: cd-r,cd-rw,dvd-r,dvd-ram
信息的獲取就是這么快捷。
5. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口和配置
n選項(xiàng)完全打印輸出了關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口以及配置詳細(xì)情況的詳細(xì)信息。
- $ inxi -n
- Network: Card: Intel 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection driver: e1000e
- IF: eth0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 00:1c:c0:f8:79:ee
使用帶n的i選項(xiàng),即可獲得IP地址的詳細(xì)信息(包括廣域網(wǎng)和局域網(wǎng))。
- $ inxi -ni
- Network: Card: Intel 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection driver: e1000e
- IF: eth0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 00:1c:c0:f8:79:ee
- WAN IP: 122.163.33.2 IF: eth0 ip: 192.168.1.2
6. 顯示音頻/聲頻卡及圖形卡的信息
A選項(xiàng)可顯示音頻卡信息,而G選項(xiàng)可顯示圖形卡信息。
- $ inxi -AG
- Graphics: Card: Intel 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
- X.Org: 1.14.3 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1360x768@60.0hz
- GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel 965G GLX Version: 2.1 Mesa 9.2.1
- Audio: Card: Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA ver: k3.11.0-12-generic
使用b選項(xiàng)后,圖形卡的詳細(xì)信息已經(jīng)包含在內(nèi)。
7. 顯示針對(duì)特定發(fā)行版的軟件庫數(shù)據(jù):
- $ inxi -r
- Repos: Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list
- deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy main restricted
- deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy main restricted
- deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates main restricted
- deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates main restricted
- deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy universe
- deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy universe
- deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates universe
- deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates universe
- deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy multiverse
- deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy multiverse
- deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates multiverse
- deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates multiverse
- deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security main restricted
- deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security main restricted
- deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security universe
- deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security universe
- deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security multiverse
- deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy-security multiverse
- deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy main
- deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu saucy main
- deb http://archive.canonical.com/ saucy partner
- deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian saucy contrib
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
- deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
在CentOS上,你會(huì)獲得像這樣的界面:
- # inxi -r
- Repos: Active yum sources in file: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
- base ~ http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
- updates ~ http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
- extras ~ http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
- Active yum sources in file: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
- epel ~ https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
- Active yum sources in file: /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
- nginx ~ http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
8. 打印輸出全部信息
與b(基本)選項(xiàng)相比,F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)更加詳細(xì)地顯示了系統(tǒng)信息。但它并不包含inxi所能報(bào)告的所有信息。
- # inxi -F
- System: Host: dhcppc3 Kernel: 2.6.32-358.11.1.el6.x86_64 x86_64 (64 bit)
- Console: tty 0 Distro: CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
- Machine: System: innotek product: VirtualBox version: 1.2 serial: 0
- Mobo: Oracle model: VirtualBox version: 1.2 serial: 0 Bios: innotek version: VirtualBox date: 12/01/2006
- CPU: Single core Intel Core2 Quad CPU Q8400 (-UP-) cache: 6144 KB flags: (lm nx sse sse2 sse3 ssse3) clocked at 2653.954 MHz
- Graphics: Card: InnoTek Systemberatung VirtualBox Graphics Adapter
- X-Vendor: N/A driver: N/A tty size: 76x26 Advanced Data: N/A for root out of X
- Audio: Card: Intel 82801AA AC'97 Audio Controller driver: Intel ICH Sound: ALSA ver: 1.0.21
- Network: Card: Intel 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: e1000
- IF: eth0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: 08:00:27:54:e4:c6
- Drives: HDD Total Size: 4.3GB (32.6% used) 1: id: /dev/sda model: VBOX_HARDDISK size: 4.3GB
- Partition: ID: / size: 2.5G used: 1.3G (53%) fs: ext4 ID: /boot size: 485M used: 52M (12%) fs: ext4
- ID: swap-1 size: 1.04GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap
- RAID: No RAID devices detected - /proc/mdstat and md_mod kernel raid module present
- Sensors: None detected - is lm-sensors installed and configured?
- Info: Processes: 76 Uptime: 34 min Memory: 92.1/490.6MB Runlevel: 3 Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 1.9.14
使用i選項(xiàng),即可打印輸出IP地址的信息。
- $ inxi -Fi
9. 打印輸出額外信息
x選項(xiàng)可以結(jié)合單個(gè)選項(xiàng)使用,打印輸出關(guān)于某個(gè)特定硬件或配置文件的補(bǔ)充或額外信息。
想打印輸出關(guān)于音頻系統(tǒng)的額外信息:
- $ inxi -A -x
- Audio: Card: Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel bus-ID: 00:1b.0
- Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ver: k3.11.0-12-generic
想獲得關(guān)于任何硬件配置文件子集的額外信息,只要使用x選項(xiàng),如上所示。
想獲得更多的額外信息,可使用-xx選項(xiàng)。想獲得還要多的額外信息,可使用-xxx選項(xiàng)。之后,Inxi無法為你顯示更多的信息了。
小結(jié)
每個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以打印輸出關(guān)于某個(gè)特定硬件部件的信息。選擇需要查看的硬件部件,也可以打印輸出所有部件的信息;不管怎樣,都非常簡(jiǎn)單、快捷。
相關(guān)資源:https://code.google.com/p/inxi/
原文鏈接:http://www.binarytides.com/inxi-system-information-linux/