C#程序員經(jīng)常用到的10個實用代碼片段
如果你是一個C#程序員,那么本文介紹的10個C#常用代碼片段一定會給你帶來幫助,從底層的資源操作,到上層的UI應(yīng)用,這些代碼也許能給你的開發(fā)節(jié)省不少時間。以下是原文:
1 讀取操作系統(tǒng)和CLR的版本
- OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion;
- Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform);
- Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack);
- Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version);
- Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString);
- Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version);
在我的Windows 7系統(tǒng)中,輸出以下信息
- Platform: Win32NT
- Service Pack:
- Version: 6.1.7600.0
- VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0
- CLR Version: 4.0.21006.1
2 讀取CPU數(shù)量,內(nèi)存容量
可以通過Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口讀取所需要的信息。
- private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors()
- {
- ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher(
- “SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”);
- ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();
- foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll)
- {
- return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”];
- }
- return 0;
- }
- private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory()
- {
- ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher(
- “SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”);
- ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();
- UInt64 total = 0;
- foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll)
- {
- total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”];
- }
- return total;
- }
請?zhí)砑訉Τ绦蚣疭ystem.Management的引用,確保代碼可以正確編譯。
- Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName);
- Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount);
- Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}” CountPhysicalProcessors());
- Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”, CountPhysicalMemory());
- Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”, Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem);
- Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”, Environment.Is64BitProcess);
- Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian);
- foreach (Screen screen in System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tPrimary {0}”, screen.Primary);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tBounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tWorking Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tBitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel);
- }
3 讀取注冊表鍵值對
- using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run”))
- {
- foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames())
- {
- Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}\tValue: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName));
- }
- }
請?zhí)砑用臻gMicrosoft.Win32,以確保上面的代碼可以編譯。
4 啟動,停止Windows服務(wù)
這項API提供的實用功能常常用來管理應(yīng)用程序中的服務(wù),而不必到控制面板的管理服務(wù)中進行操作。
- ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”);
- controller.Start();
- if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue)
- {
- controller.Pause();
- controller.Continue();
- }
- controller.Stop();
.net提供的API中,可以實現(xiàn)一句話安裝與卸載服務(wù)
- if (args[0] == "/i")
- {
- ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });
- }
- else if (args[0] == "/u")
- {
- ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });
- }
如代碼所示,給應(yīng)用程序傳入i或u參數(shù),以表示是卸載或是安裝程序。
5 驗證程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke)
比如在程序中,為了驗證程序集是否有簽名,可調(diào)用如下方法
- [DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
- static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool pfWasVerified);
- bool notForced = false;
- bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced);
- Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}\nForced: {1}", verified, !notForced);
這個功能常用在軟件保護方法,可用來驗證簽名的組件。即使你的簽名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的簽名都被去除,只要程序中有這一項調(diào)用代碼,則可以停止程序運行。
6 響應(yīng)系統(tǒng)配置項的變更
比如我們鎖定系統(tǒng)后,如果QQ沒有退出,則它會顯示了忙碌狀態(tài)。
請?zhí)砑用臻gMicrosoft.Win32,然后對注冊下面的事件。
. DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing) 顯示設(shè)置
. InstalledFontsChanged 字體變化
. PaletteChanged
. PowerModeChanged 電源狀態(tài)
. SessionEnded (用戶正在登出或是會話結(jié)束)
. SessionSwitch (變更當(dāng)前用戶)
. TimeChanged 時間改變
. UserPreferenceChanged (用戶偏號 包含Changing)
我們的ERP系統(tǒng),會監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)時間是否改變,如果將時間調(diào)整后ERP許可文件之外的范圍,會導(dǎo)致ERP軟件不可用。
7 運用Windows7的新特性
Windows7系統(tǒng)引入一些新特性,比如打開文件對話框,狀態(tài)欄可顯示當(dāng)前任務(wù)的進度。
- Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog();
- ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true;
- ofd.IsFolderPicker = true;
- ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true;
- ofd.ShowDialog();
用這樣的方法打開對話框,與BCL自帶類庫中的OpenFileDialog功能更多一些。不過只限于Windows 7系統(tǒng)中,所以要調(diào)用這段代碼,還要檢查操作系統(tǒng)的版本要大于6,并且添加對程序集Windows API Code Pack for Microsoft®.NET Framework的引用,請到這個地址下載 http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WindowsAPICodePack
8 檢查程序?qū)?nèi)存的消耗
用下面的方法,可以檢查.NET給程序分配的內(nèi)存數(shù)量
- long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
- Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available);
- int allocSize = 40000000;
- byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize];
- available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
- Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available);
在我的系統(tǒng)中,它運行的結(jié)果如下所示
Before allocations: 651,064
After allocations: 40,690,080
使用下面的方法,可以檢查當(dāng)前應(yīng)用程序占用的內(nèi)存
- Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
- Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+
- “Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine +
- “Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine,
- proc.PrivateMemorySize64, proc.VirtualMemorySize64, proc.WorkingSet64, proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64, proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 );
9 使用記秒表檢查程序運行時間
如果你擔(dān)憂某些代碼非常耗費時間,可以用StopWatch來檢查這段代碼消耗的時間,如下面的代碼所示
- System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
- timer.Start();
- Decimal total = 0;
- int limit = 1000000;
- for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
- {
- total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);
- }
- timer.Stop();
- Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total);
- Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”,
- timer.ElapsedMilliseconds);
- Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed);
現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有專門的工具來檢測程序的運行時間,可以細化到每個方法,比如dotNetPerformance軟件。
以上面的代碼為例子,您需要直接修改源代碼,如果是用來測試程序,則有些不方便。請參考下面的例子。
- class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable
- {
- public AutoStopwatch()
- {
- Start();
- }
- public void Dispose()
- {
- Stop();
- Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed);
- }
- }
借助于using語法,像下面的代碼所示,可以檢查一段代碼的運行時間,并打印在控制臺上。
- using (new AutoStopwatch())
- {
- Decimal total2 = 0;
- int limit2 = 1000000;
- for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i)
- {
- total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);
- }
- }
10 使用光標(biāo)
當(dāng)程序正在后臺運行保存或是冊除操作時,應(yīng)當(dāng)將光標(biāo)狀態(tài)修改為忙碌??墒褂孟旅娴募记伞?/p>
- class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable
- {
- private Control _target;
- private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default;
- public AutoWaitCursor(Control control)
- {
- if (control == null)
- {
- throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”);
- }
- _target = control;
- _prevCursor = _target.Cursor;
- _target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
- }
- public void Dispose()
- {
- _target.Cursor = _prevCursor;
- }
- }
用法如下所示,這個寫法,是為了預(yù)料到程序可能會拋出異常
- using (new AutoWaitCursor(this))
- {
- ...
- throw new Exception();
- }
如代碼所示,即使拋出異常,光標(biāo)也可以恢復(fù)到之間的狀態(tài)。