ssh_scan:遠(yuǎn)程驗(yàn)證你SSH服務(wù)的配置和策略
ssh_scan 是一個(gè)面向 Linux 和 UNIX 服務(wù)器的易用的 SSH 服務(wù)參數(shù)配置和策略的掃描器程序,其思路來(lái)自Mozilla OpenSSH 安全指南,這個(gè)指南為 SSH 服務(wù)參數(shù)配置提供了一個(gè)可靠的安全策略基線的建議,如加密算法(Ciphers),報(bào)文認(rèn)證信息碼算法(MAC),密鑰交換算法(KexAlgos)和其它。
ssh_scan 有如下好處:
- 它的依賴是最小化的,ssh_scan 只引入了本地 Ruby 和 BinData 來(lái)進(jìn)行它的工作,沒(méi)有太多的依賴。
- 它是可移植的,你可以在其它的項(xiàng)目中使用 ssh_scan 或者將它用在自動(dòng)化任務(wù)上。
- 它是易于使用的,只需要簡(jiǎn)單的將它指向一個(gè) SSH 服務(wù)就可以獲得一個(gè)該服務(wù)所支持的選項(xiàng)和策略狀態(tài)的 JSON 格式報(bào)告。
- 它同時(shí)也是易于配置的,你可以創(chuàng)建適合你策略需求的策略。
建議閱讀: 如何在 Linux 上安裝配置 OpenSSH 服務(wù)
如何在 Linux 上安裝 ssh_scan
有如下三種安裝 ssh_scan 的方式:
使用 Ruby gem 來(lái)安裝運(yùn)行,如下:
- ----------- 在 Debian/Ubuntu -----------
- $ sudo apt-get install ruby gem
- $ sudo gem install ssh_scan
- ----------- 在 CentOS/RHEL -----------
- # yum install ruby rubygem
- # gem install ssh_scan
使用docker 容器來(lái)運(yùn)行,如下:
- # docker pull mozilla/ssh_scan
- # docker run -it mozilla/ssh_scan /app/bin/ssh_scan -t github.com
使用源碼安裝運(yùn)行,如下:
- # git clone https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan.git
- # cd ssh_scan
- # gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
- # curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
- # rvm install 2.3.1
- # rvm use 2.3.1
- # gem install bundler
- # bundle install
- # ./bin/ssh_scan
如何在 Linux 上使用 ssh_scan
使用 ssh_scan 的語(yǔ)法如下:
- $ ssh_scan -t ip地址
- $ ssh_scan -t 主機(jī)名
舉個(gè)例子來(lái)掃描 192.168.43.198 這臺(tái)服務(wù)器的 SSH 配置和策略,鍵入:
- $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198
注意你同時(shí)也可以像下方展示的給 -t 選項(xiàng)傳入一個(gè)[IP地址/地址段/主機(jī)名]:
- $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198,200,205
- $ ssh_scan -t test.tecmint.lan
輸出示例:
- I, [2017-05-09T10:36:17.913644 #7145] INFO -- : You're using the latest version of ssh_scan 0.0.19
- [
- {
- "ssh_scan_version": "0.0.19",
- "ip": "192.168.43.198",
- "port": 22,
- "server_banner": "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1",
- "ssh_version": 2.0,
- "os": "ubuntu",
- "os_cpe": "o:canonical:ubuntu:16.04",
- "ssh_lib": "openssh",
- "ssh_lib_cpe": "a:openssh:openssh:7.2p2",
- "cookie": "68b17bcca652eeaf153ed18877770a38",
- "key_algorithms": [
- "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org",
- "ecdh-sha2-nistp256",
- "ecdh-sha2-nistp384",
- "ecdh-sha2-nistp521",
- "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256",
- "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"
- ],
- "server_host_key_algorithms": [
- "ssh-rsa",
- "rsa-sha2-512",
- "rsa-sha2-256",
- "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
- "ssh-ed25519"
- ],
- "encryption_algorithms_client_to_server": [
- "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
- "aes128-ctr",
- "aes192-ctr",
- "aes256-ctr",
- "aes128-gcm@openssh.com",
- "aes256-gcm@openssh.com"
- ],
- "encryption_algorithms_server_to_client": [
- "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
- "aes128-ctr",
- "aes192-ctr",
- "aes256-ctr",
- "aes128-gcm@openssh.com",
- "aes256-gcm@openssh.com"
- ],
- "mac_algorithms_client_to_server": [
- "umac-64-etm@openssh.com",
- "umac-128-etm@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com",
- "umac-64@openssh.com",
- "umac-128@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha2-256",
- "hmac-sha2-512",
- "hmac-sha1"
- ],
- "mac_algorithms_server_to_client": [
- "umac-64-etm@openssh.com",
- "umac-128-etm@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com",
- "umac-64@openssh.com",
- "umac-128@openssh.com",
- "hmac-sha2-256",
- "hmac-sha2-512",
- "hmac-sha1"
- ],
- "compression_algorithms_client_to_server": [
- "none",
- "zlib@openssh.com"
- ],
- "compression_algorithms_server_to_client": [
- "none",
- "zlib@openssh.com"
- ],
- "languages_client_to_server": [
- ],
- "languages_server_to_client": [
- ],
- "hostname": "tecmint",
- "auth_methods": [
- "publickey",
- "password"
- ],
- "fingerprints": {
- "rsa": {
- "known_bad": "false",
- "md5": "0e:d0:d7:11:f0:9b:f8:33:9c:ab:26:77:e5:66:9e:f4",
- "sha1": "fc:8d:d5:a1:bf:52:48:a6:7e:f9:a6:2f:af:ca:e2:f0:3a:9a:b7:fa",
- "sha256": "ff:00:b4:a4:40:05:19:27:7c:33:aa:db:a6:96:32:88:8e:bf:05:a1:81:c0:a4:a8:16:01:01:0b:20:37:81:11"
- }
- },
- "start_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:17 +0300",
- "end_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:18 +0300",
- "scan_duration_seconds": 0.221573169,
- "duplicate_host_key_ips": [
- ],
- "compliance": {
- "policy": "Mozilla Modern",
- "compliant": false,
- "recommendations": [
- "Remove these Key Exchange Algos: diffie-hellman-group14-sha1",
- "Remove these MAC Algos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com, hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com, umac-64@openssh.com, hmac-sha1",
- "Remove these Authentication Methods: password"
- ],
- "references": [
- "https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/OpenSSH"
- ]
- }
- }
- ]
你可以使用 -p 選項(xiàng)來(lái)指定不同的端口,-L 選項(xiàng)來(lái)開(kāi)啟日志記錄配合 -V 選項(xiàng)來(lái)指定日志級(jí)別:
- $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -p 22222 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO
另外,可以使用 -P 或 --policy 選項(xiàng)來(lái)指定一個(gè)策略文件(默認(rèn)是 Mozilla Modern)(LCTT 譯注:這里的 Modern 可能指的是 https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS 中提到的 Modern compatibility ):
- $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO -P /path/to/custom/policy/file
ssh_scan 使用幫助與其它示例:
- $ ssh_scan -h
輸出示例:
- ssh_scan v0.0.17 (https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan)
- Usage: ssh_scan [options]
- -t, --target [IP/Range/Hostname] IP/Ranges/Hostname to scan
- -f, --file [FilePath] File Path of the file containing IP/Range/Hostnames to scan
- -T, --timeout [seconds] Timeout per connect after which ssh_scan gives up on the host
- -L, --logger [Log File Path] Enable logger
- -O, --from_json [FilePath] File to read JSON output from
- -o, --output [FilePath] File to write JSON output to
- -p, --port [PORT] Port (Default: 22)
- -P, --policy [FILE] Custom policy file (Default: Mozilla Modern)
- --threads [NUMBER] Number of worker threads (Default: 5)
- --fingerprint-db [FILE] File location of fingerprint database (Default: ./fingerprints.db)
- --suppress-update-status Do not check for updates
- -u, --unit-test [FILE] Throw appropriate exit codes based on compliance status
- -V [STD_LOGGING_LEVEL],
- --verbosity
- -v, --version Display just version info
- -h, --help Show this message
- Examples:
- ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1
- ssh_scan -t server.example.com
- ssh_scan -t ::1
- ssh_scan -t ::1 -T 5
- ssh_scan -f hosts.txt
- ssh_scan -o output.json
- ssh_scan -O output.json -o rescan_output.json
- ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222
- ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222 -L output.log -V INFO
- ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -P custom_policy.yml
- ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 --unit-test -P custom_policy.yml
SSH 服務(wù)器相關(guān)參考閱讀:
- 使用 SSH Keygen(ssh-keygen)五步實(shí)現(xiàn) SSH 免密登錄
- 安全 SSH 服務(wù)器的 5 個(gè)***實(shí)踐
- 使用 Chroot 來(lái)限制 SSH 用戶進(jìn)入某些目錄
- 如何配置 SSH 連接來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化遠(yuǎn)程登錄
如果需要更詳細(xì)的信息可以訪問(wèn) ssh_scan 的 Github 倉(cāng)庫(kù):https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan