如何修補和保護(hù)Linux內(nèi)核堆棧沖突漏洞CVE-2017-1000364
在 Linux 內(nèi)核中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個名為 “Stack Clash” 的嚴(yán)重安全問題,攻擊者能夠利用它來破壞內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)并執(zhí)行任意代碼。攻擊者可以利用這個及另一個漏洞來執(zhí)行任意代碼并獲得管理帳戶(root)權(quán)限。
在 Linux 中該如何解決這個問題?
the-stack-clash-on-linux-openbsd-netbsd-freebsd-solaris
Qualys 研究實驗室在 GNU C Library(CVE-2017-1000366)的動態(tài)鏈接器中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多問題,它們通過與 Linux 內(nèi)核內(nèi)的堆棧沖突來允許本地特權(quán)升級。這個 bug 影響到了 i386 和 amd64 上的 Linux、OpenBSD、NetBSD、FreeBSD 和 Solaris。攻擊者可以利用它來破壞內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)并執(zhí)行任意代碼。
什么是 CVE-2017-1000364 bug?
來自 RHN:
在用戶空間二進(jìn)制文件的堆棧中分配內(nèi)存的方式發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個缺陷。如果堆(或不同的內(nèi)存區(qū)域)和堆棧內(nèi)存區(qū)域彼此相鄰,則攻擊者可以使用此缺陷跳過堆棧保護(hù)區(qū)域,從而導(dǎo)致進(jìn)程堆?;蛳噜弮?nèi)存區(qū)域的受控內(nèi)存損壞,從而增加其系統(tǒng)權(quán)限。有一個在內(nèi)核中減輕這個漏洞的方法,將堆棧保護(hù)區(qū)域大小從一頁增加到 1 MiB,從而使成功利用這個功能變得困難。
據(jù)原研究文章:
計算機上運行的每個程序都使用一個稱為堆棧的特殊內(nèi)存區(qū)域。這個內(nèi)存區(qū)域是特別的,因為當(dāng)程序需要更多的堆棧內(nèi)存時,它會自動增長。但是,如果它增長太多,并且與另一個內(nèi)存區(qū)域太接近,程序可能會將堆棧與其他內(nèi)存區(qū)域混淆。攻擊者可以利用這種混亂來覆蓋其他內(nèi)存區(qū)域的堆棧,或者反過來。
受到影響的 Linux 發(fā)行版
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5.x
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6.x
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.x
- CentOS Linux Server 5.x
- CentOS Linux Server 6.x
- CentOS Linux Server 7.x
- Oracle Enterprise Linux Server 5.x
- Oracle Enterprise Linux Server 6.x
- Oracle Enterprise Linux Server 7.x
- Ubuntu 17.10
- Ubuntu 17.04
- Ubuntu 16.10
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 12.04 ESM (Precise Pangolin)
- Debian 9 stretch
- Debian 8 jessie
- Debian 7 wheezy
- Debian unstable
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP2
- SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability 12 SP2
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Build System Kit 12 SP2
- SUSE Openstack Cloud Magnum Orchestration 7
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3-LTSS
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1-LTSS
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for Raspberry Pi 12 SP2
我需要重啟我的電腦么?
是的,由于大多數(shù)服務(wù)依賴于 GNU C Library 的動態(tài)連接器,并且內(nèi)核自身需要在內(nèi)存中重新加載。
我該如何在 Linux 中修復(fù) CVE-2017-1000364?
根據(jù)你的 Linux 發(fā)行版來輸入命令。你需要重啟電腦。在應(yīng)用補丁之前,記下你當(dāng)前內(nèi)核的版本:
- $ uname -a
- $ uname -mrs
示例輸出:
- Linux 4.4.0-78-generic x86_64
Debian 或者 Ubuntu Linux
輸入下面的 apt 命令 / apt-get 命令來應(yīng)用更新:
- $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
示例輸出:
- Reading package lists... Done
- Building dependency tree
- Reading state information... Done
- Calculating upgrade... Done
- The following packages will be upgraded:
- libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc-l10n libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i386 linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86 linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64 linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64
- linux-kbuild-4.9 linux-libc-dev locales multiarch-support
- 14 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
- Need to get 0 B/62.0 MB of archives.
- After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
- Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
- Reading changelogs... Done
- Preconfiguring packages ...
- (Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
- Preparing to unpack .../libc6-i386_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking libc6-i386 (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../libc6-dev_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking libc6-dev:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../libc-dev-bin_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking libc-dev-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../linux-libc-dev_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- (Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
- Preparing to unpack .../libc-bin_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Setting up libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- (Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
- Preparing to unpack .../multiarch-support_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking multiarch-support (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Setting up multiarch-support (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- (Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
- Preparing to unpack .../0-libc-l10n_2.24-11+deb9u1_all.deb ...
- Unpacking libc-l10n (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../1-locales_2.24-11+deb9u1_all.deb ...
- Unpacking locales (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../2-linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../3-linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../4-linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_all.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../5-linux-kbuild-4.9_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-kbuild-4.9 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
- Preparing to unpack .../6-linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
- Setting up linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
- Setting up linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
- Setting up libc6-i386 (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- Setting up linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
- Setting up linux-kbuild-4.9 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
- Setting up libc-l10n (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ...
- Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- Setting up linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
- /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
- update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-3-amd64
- cryptsetup: WARNING: failed to detect canonical device of /dev/md0
- cryptsetup: WARNING: could not determine root device from /etc/fstab
- W: initramfs-tools configuration sets RESUME=UUID=054b217a-306b-4c18-b0bf-0ed85af6c6e1
- W: but no matching swap device is available.
- I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/md1p1
- I: (UUID=bf72f3d4-3be4-4f68-8aae-4edfe5431670)
- I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
- /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
- Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
- Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
- Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
- Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ...
- Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-3-amd64
- Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-amd64
- Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done
- Setting up libc6-dev:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- Setting up locales (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
- Generating locales (this might take a while)...
- en_IN.UTF-8... done
- Generation complete.
- Setting up linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
- Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
使用 reboot 命令重啟桌面/服務(wù)器:
- $ sudo reboot
Oracle/RHEL/CentOS/Scientific Linux
輸入下面的 yum 命令:
- $ sudo yum update
- $ sudo reboot
Fedora Linux
輸入下面的 dnf 命令:
- $ sudo dnf update
- $ sudo reboot
Suse Enterprise Linux 或者 Opensuse Linux
輸入下面的 zypper 命令:
- $ sudo zypper patch
- $ sudo reboot
SUSE OpenStack Cloud 6
- $ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-OpenStack-Cloud-6-2017-996=1
- $ sudo reboot
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP 12-SP1
- $ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-SLE-SAP-12-SP1-2017-996=1
- $ sudo reboot
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12-SP1-LTSS
- $ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-SLE-SERVER-12-SP1-2017-996=1
- $ sudo reboot
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12
- $ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-SLE-Module-Public-Cloud-12-2017-996=1
- $ sudo reboot
驗證
你需要確認(rèn)你的版本號在 reboot 命令之后改變了。
- $ uname -a
- $ uname -r
- $ uname -mrs
示例輸出:
- Linux 4.4.0-81-generic x86_64
給 OpenBSD 用戶的注意事項
見此頁獲取更多信息。
給 Oracle Solaris 的注意事項
見此頁獲取更多信息。
參考