MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫誤刪除后如何恢復(fù)?
在日常運(yùn)維工作中,對于數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份是至關(guān)重要的!數(shù)據(jù)庫對于網(wǎng)站的重要性使得我們對 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫的管理不容有失!然而是人總難免會犯錯誤,說不定哪天大腦短路了,誤操作把數(shù)據(jù)庫給刪除了,怎么辦?
下面,就 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫誤刪除后的恢復(fù)方案進(jìn)行說明。
一、工作場景
(1)MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫每晚12:00自動完全備份。
(2)某天早上上班,9點(diǎn)的時候,一同事犯暈drop了一個數(shù)據(jù)庫!
(3)需要緊急恢復(fù)!可利用備份的數(shù)據(jù)文件以及增量的binlog文件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)。
二、數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)思路
(1)利用全備的sql文件中記錄的CHANGE MASTER語句,binlog文件及其位置點(diǎn)信息,找出binlog文件中增量的那部分。
(2)用mysqlbinlog命令將上述的binlog文件導(dǎo)出為sql文件,并剔除其中的drop語句。
(3)通過全備文件和增量binlog文件的導(dǎo)出sql文件,就可以恢復(fù)到完整的數(shù)據(jù)。
三、實(shí)例說明
首先,要確保mysql開啟了binlog日志功能。在/etc/my.cnf文件里的[mysqld]區(qū)塊添加:
- log-bin=mysql-bin
然后重啟mysql服務(wù)
(1)在ops庫下創(chuàng)建一張表customers
- mysql> use ops;
- mysql> create table customers(
- -> id int not null auto_increment,
- -> name char(20) not null,
- -> age int not null,
- -> primary key(id)
- -> )engine=InnoDB;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
- mysql> show tables;
- +---------------+
- | Tables_in_ops |
- +---------------+
- | customers |
- +---------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> desc customers;
- +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
- +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
- | name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
- | age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
- +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
- 3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
- mysql> insert into customers values(1,"wangbo","24");
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
- mysql> insert into customers values(2,"guohui","22");
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
- mysql> insert into customers values(3,"zhangheng","27");
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
- mysql> select * from customers;
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | id | name | age |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | 1 | wangbo | 24 |
- | 2 | guohui | 22 |
- | 3 | zhangheng | 27 |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行全備份
- [root@vm-002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B -F -R -x --master-data=2 ops|gzip >/opt/backup/ops_$(date +%F).sql.gz
- Enter password:
- [root@vm-002 ~]# ls /opt/backup/
- ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz
參數(shù)說明:
-B:指定數(shù)據(jù)庫
-F:刷新日志
-R:備份存儲過程等
-x:鎖表
–master-data:在備份語句里添加CHANGE MASTER語句以及binlog文件及位置點(diǎn)信息
(3)再次插入數(shù)據(jù)
- mysql> insert into customers values(4,"liupeng","21");
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
- mysql> insert into customers values(5,"xiaoda","31");
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
- mysql> insert into customers values(6,"fuaiai","26");
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
- mysql> select * from customers;
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | id | name | age |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | 1 | wangbo | 24 |
- | 2 | guohui | 22 |
- | 3 | zhangheng | 27 |
- | 4 | liupeng | 21 |
- | 5 | xiaoda | 31 |
- | 6 | fuaiai | 26 |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(4)此時誤操作,刪除了test數(shù)據(jù)庫
- mysql> drop database ops;
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
此時,全備之后到誤操作時刻之間,用戶寫入的數(shù)據(jù)在binlog中,需要恢復(fù)出來!
(5)查看全備之后新增的binlog文件
- [root@vm-002 ~]# cd /opt/backup/
- [root@vm-002 backup]# ls
- ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz
- [root@vm-002 backup]# gzip -d ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz
- [root@vm-002 backup]# ls
- ops_2016-09-25.sql
- [root@vm-002 backup]# grep CHANGE ops_2016-09-25.sql
- -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
這是全備時刻的binlog文件位置,即mysql-bin.000002的106行,因此在該文件之前的binlog文件中的數(shù)據(jù)都已經(jīng)包含在這個全備的sql文件中了
(6)移動binlog文件,并導(dǎo)出為sql文件,剔除其中的drop語句,查看mysql的數(shù)據(jù)存放目錄,有下面可知是在/var/lib/mysql下
- [root@vm-002 backup]# ps -ef|grep mysql
- root 9272 1 0 01:43 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
- mysql 9377 9272 0 01:43 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- [root@vm-002 backup]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
- [root@vm-002 mysql]# ls
- ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index mysql.sock test
- [root@vm-002 mysql]# cp mysql-bin.000002 /opt/backup/
將binlog文件導(dǎo)出sql文件,并vim編輯它刪除其中的drop語句
- [root@vm-002 backup]# mysqlbinlog -d ops mysql-bin.000002 >002bin.sql
- [root@vm-002 backup]# ls
- 002bin.sql mysql-bin.000002 ops_2016-09-25.sql
- [root@vm-002 backup]# vim 002bin.sql #刪除里面的drop語句
注意:在恢復(fù)全備數(shù)據(jù)之前必須將該binlog文件移出,否則恢復(fù)過程中,會繼續(xù)寫入語句到binlog,最終導(dǎo)致增量恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)部分變得比較混亂
(7)恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)
- [root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p < ops_2016-09-25.sql
- Enter password:
- [root@vm-002 backup]#
查看數(shù)據(jù)庫,看看ops庫在不在
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | mysql |
- | ops |
- | test |
- +--------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> use ops;
- Reading table information for completion of table and column names
- You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- Database changed
- mysql> select * from customers;
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | id | name | age |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | 1 | wangbo | 0 |
- | 2 | guohui | 0 |
- | 3 | zhangheng | 0 |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
此時恢復(fù)了全備時刻的數(shù)據(jù)。接著,使用002bin.sql文件恢復(fù)全備時刻到刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫之間,新增的數(shù)據(jù)
- [root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p ops <002bin.sql
- Enter password:
- [root@vm-002 backup]#
再次查看數(shù)據(jù)庫,發(fā)現(xiàn)全備份到刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫之間的那部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)也恢復(fù)了??!
- mysql> select * from customers;
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | id | name | age |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- | 1 | wangbo | 24 |
- | 2 | guohui | 22 |
- | 3 | zhangheng | 27 |
- | 4 | liupeng | 21 |
- | 5 | xiaoda | 31 |
- | 6 | fuaiai | 26 |
- +----+-----------+-----+
- 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上就是mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫增量數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)的實(shí)例過程!
***,總結(jié)幾點(diǎn):
1)本案例適用于人為SQL語句造成的誤操作或者沒有主從復(fù)制等的熱備情況宕機(jī)時的修復(fù)
2)恢復(fù)條件為mysql要開啟binlog日志功能,并且要全備和增量的所有數(shù)據(jù)
3)恢復(fù)時建議對外停止更新,即禁止更新數(shù)據(jù)庫
4)先恢復(fù)全量,然后把全備時刻點(diǎn)以后的增量日志,按順序恢復(fù)成SQL文件,然后把文件中有問題的SQL語句刪除(也可通過時間和位置點(diǎn)),再恢復(fù)到數(shù)據(jù)庫。