JS常用正則表達(dá)式備忘錄
正則表達(dá)式或“regex”用于匹配字符串的各個(gè)部分 下面是我創(chuàng)建正則表達(dá)式的備忘單。
匹配正則
使用 .test() 方法
- let testString = "My test string";
- let testRegex = /string/;
- testRegex.test(testString);
匹配多個(gè)模式
使用操作符號(hào) |
- const regex = /yes|no|maybe/;
忽略大小寫
使用i標(biāo)志表示忽略大小寫
- const caseInsensitiveRegex = /ignore case/i;
- const testString = 'We use the i flag to iGnOrE CasE';
- caseInsensitiveRegex.test(testString); // true
提取變量的***個(gè)匹配項(xiàng)
使用 .match() 方法
- const match = "Hello World!".match(/hello/i); // "Hello"
提取數(shù)組中的所有匹配項(xiàng)
使用 g 標(biāo)志
- const testString = "Repeat repeat rePeAT";
- const regexWithAllMatches = /Repeat/gi;
- testString.match(regexWithAllMatches); // ["Repeat", "repeat", "rePeAT"]
匹配任意字符
使用通配符. 作為任何字符的占位符
- // To match "cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat"
- const regexWithWildcard = /.at/gi;
- const testString = "cat BAT cupcake fAT mat dog";
- const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithWildcard); // ["cat", "BAT", "fAT", "mat"]
用多種可能性匹配單個(gè)字符
- 使用字符類,你可以使用它來定義要匹配的一組字符
- 把它們放在方括號(hào)里 []
- //匹配 "cat" "fat" and "mat" 但不匹配 "bat"
- const regexWithCharClass = /[cfm]at/g;
- const testString = "cat fat bat mat";
- const allMatchingWords = testString.match(regexWithCharClass); // ["cat", "fat", "mat"]
匹配字母表中的字母
使用字符集內(nèi)的范圍 [a-z]
- const regexWidthCharRange = /[a-e]at/;
- const regexWithCharRange = /[a-e]at/;
- const catString = "cat";
- const batString = "bat";
- const fatString = "fat";
- regexWithCharRange.test(catString); // true
- regexWithCharRange.test(batString); // true
- regexWithCharRange.test(fatString); // false
匹配特定的數(shù)字和字母
你還可以使用連字符來匹配數(shù)字
- const regexWithLetterAndNumberRange = /[a-z0-9]/ig;
- const testString = "Emma19382";
- testString.match(regexWithLetterAndNumberRange) // true
匹配單個(gè)未知字符
要匹配您不想擁有的一組字符,使用否定字符集 ^
- const allCharsNotVowels = /[^aeiou]/gi;
- const allCharsNotVowelsOrNumbers = /[^aeiou0-9]/gi;
匹配一行中出現(xiàn)一次或多次的字符
使用 + 標(biāo)志
- const oneOrMoreAsRegex = /a+/gi;
- const oneOrMoreSsRegex = /s+/gi;
- const cityInFlorida = "Tallahassee";
- cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreAsRegex); // ['a', 'a', 'a'];
- cityInFlorida.match(oneOrMoreSsRegex); // ['ss'];
匹配連續(xù)出現(xiàn)零次或多次的字符
使用星號(hào) *
- const zeroOrMoreOsRegex = /hi*/gi;
- const normalHi = "hi";
- const happyHi = "hiiiiii";
- const twoHis = "hiihii";
- const bye = "bye";
- normalHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hi"]
- happyHi.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hiiiiii"]
- twoHis.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // ["hii", "hii"]
- bye.match(zeroOrMoreOsRegex); // null
惰性匹配
- 字符串中與給定要求匹配的最小部分
- 默認(rèn)情況下,正則表達(dá)式是貪婪的(匹配滿足給定要求的字符串的最長部分)
- 使用 ? 阻止貪婪模式(惰性匹配 )
- const testString = "catastrophe";
- const greedyRexex = /c[a-z]*t/gi;
- const lazyRegex = /c[a-z]*?t/gi;
- testString.match(greedyRexex); // ["catast"]
- testString.match(lazyRegex); // ["cat"]
匹配起始字符串模式
要測試字符串開頭的字符匹配,請(qǐng)使用插入符號(hào)^,但要放大開頭,不要放到字符集中
- const emmaAtFrontOfString = "Emma likes cats a lot.";
- const emmaNotAtFrontOfString = "The cats Emma likes are fluffy.";
- const startingStringRegex = /^Emma/;
- startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtFrontOfString); // true
- startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtFrontOfString); // false
匹配結(jié)束字符串模式
使用 $ 來判斷字符串是否是以規(guī)定的字符結(jié)尾
- const emmaAtBackOfString = "The cats do not like Emma";
- const emmaNotAtBackOfString = "Emma loves the cats";
- const startingStringRegex = /Emma$/;
- startingStringRegex.test(emmaAtBackOfString); // true
- startingStringRegex.test(emmaNotAtBackOfString); // false
匹配所有字母和數(shù)字
使用\word 簡寫
- const longHand = /[A-Za-z0-9_]+/;
- const shortHand = /\w+/;
- const numbers = "42";
- const myFavoriteColor = "magenta";
- longHand.test(numbers); // true
- shortHand.test(numbers); // true
- longHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true
- shortHand.test(myFavoriteColor); // true
除了字母和數(shù)字,其他的都要匹配
用\W 表示 \w 的反義
- const noAlphaNumericCharRegex = /\W/gi;
- const weirdCharacters = "!_$!!";
- const alphaNumericCharacters = "ab283AD";
- noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(weirdCharacters); // true
- noAlphaNumericCharRegex.test(alphaNumericCharacters); // false
匹配所有數(shù)字
你可以使用字符集[0-9],或者使用簡寫 \d
- const digitsRegex = /\d/g;
- const stringWithDigits = "My cat eats $20.00 worth of food a week.";
- stringWithDigits.match(digitsRegex); // ["2", "0", "0", "0"]
匹配所有非數(shù)字
用\D 表示 \d 的反義
- const nonDigitsRegex = /\D/g;
- const stringWithLetters = "101 degrees";
- stringWithLetters.match(nonDigitsRegex); // [" ", "d", "e", "g", "r", "e", "e", "s"]
匹配空格
使用 \s 來匹配空格和回車符
- const sentenceWithWhitespace = "I like cats!"
- var spaceRegex = /\s/g;
- whiteSpace.match(sentenceWithWhitespace); // [" ", " "]
匹配非空格
用\S 表示 \s 的反義
- const sentenceWithWhitespace = "C a t"
- const nonWhiteSpaceRegex = /\S/g;
- sentenceWithWhitespace.match(nonWhiteSpaceRegex); // ["C", "a", "t"]
匹配的字符數(shù)
你可以使用 {下界,上界} 指定一行中的特定字符數(shù)
- const regularHi = "hi";
- const mediocreHi = "hiii";
- const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!";
- const excitedRegex = /hi{1,4}/;
- excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // true
- excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true
- excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
匹配***個(gè)數(shù)的字符數(shù)
使用{下界, }定義最少數(shù)量的字符要求,下面示例表示字母 i 至少要出現(xiàn)2次
- const regularHi = "hi";
- const mediocreHi = "hiii";
- const superExcitedHey = "heeeeyyyyy!!!";
- const excitedRegex = /hi{2,}/;
- excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false
- excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); // true
- excitedRegex.test(superExcitedHey); //false
匹配精確的字符數(shù)
使用{requiredCount}指定字符要求的確切數(shù)量
- const regularHi = "hi";
- const bestHi = "hii";
- const mediocreHi = "hiii";
- const excitedRegex = /hi{2}/;
- excitedRegex.test(regularHi); // false
- excitedRegex.test(bestHi); // true
- excitedRegex.test(mediocreHi); //false
匹配0次或1次
使用 ? 匹配字符 0 次或1次
- const britishSpelling = "colour";
- const americanSpelling = "Color";
- const languageRegex = /colou?r/i;
- languageRegex.test(britishSpelling); // true
- languageRegex.test(americanSpelling); // true
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