8 個 Python 實用腳本,收藏備用
腳本寫的好,下班下得早!程序員的日常工作除了編寫程序代碼,還不可避免地需要處理相關(guān)的測試和驗證工作。
例如,訪問某個網(wǎng)站一直不通,需要確定此地址是否可訪問,服務(wù)器返回什么,進(jìn)而確定問題在于什么。完成這個任務(wù),如果一味希望采用編譯型語言來編寫這樣的代碼,實踐中的時間和精力是不夠的,這個時候就需要發(fā)揮腳本的神奇作用!
好不夸張的說,能否寫出高效實用的腳本代碼,直接影響著一個程序員的幸福生活[下班時間]。下面整理 8 個實用的 Python 腳本,需要的時候改改直接用,建議收藏!
1.解決 linux 下 unzip 亂碼的問題。
- import os
- import sys
- import zipfile
- import argparse
- s = '\\x1b[%d;%dm%s\\x1b[0m'
- def unzip(path):
- file = zipfile.ZipFile(path,"r")
- if args.secret:
- file.setpassword(args.secret)
- for name in file.namelist():
- try:
- utf8name=name.decode('gbk')
- pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
- except:
- utf8name=name
- pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
- #print s % (1, 92, ' >> extracting:'), utf8name
- #pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name)
- if not os.path.exists(pathname) and pathname != "":
- os.makedirs(pathname)
- data = file.read(name)
- if not os.path.exists(utf8name):
- try:
- fo = open(utf8name, "w")
- fo.write(data)
- fo.close
- except:
- pass
- file.close()
- def main(argv):
- ######################################################
- # for argparse
- p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='解決unzip亂碼')
- p.add_argument('xxx', type=str, nargs='*', \
- help='命令對象.')
- p.add_argument('-s', '--secret', action='store', \
- default=None, help='密碼')
- global args
- args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
- xxx = args.xxx
- for path in xxx:
- if path.endswith('.zip'):
- if os.path.exists(path):
- print s % (1, 97, ' ++ unzip:'), path
- unzip(path)
- else:
- print s % (1, 91, ' !! file doesn\'t exist.'), path
- else:
- print s % (1, 91, ' !! file isn\'t a zip file.'), path
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- argv = sys.argv
- main(argv)
2.統(tǒng)計當(dāng)前根目錄代碼行數(shù)。
- # coding=utf-8
- import os
- import time
- # 設(shè)定根目錄
- basedir = './'
- filelists = []
- # 指定想要統(tǒng)計的文件類型
- whitelist = ['cpp', 'h']
- #遍歷文件, 遞歸遍歷文件夾中的所有
- def getFile(basedir):
- global filelists
- for parent,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(basedir):
- for filename in filenames:
- ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
- #只統(tǒng)計指定的文件類型,略過一些log和cache文件
- if ext in whitelist:
- filelists.append(os.path.join(parent,filename))
- #統(tǒng)計一個的行數(shù)
- def countLine(fname):
- count = 0
- # 把文件做二進(jìn)制看待,read.
- for file_line in open(fname, 'rb').readlines():
- if file_line != '' and file_line != '\n': #過濾掉空行
- count += 1
- print (fname + '----' , count)
- return count
- if __name__ == '__main__' :
- startTime = time.clock()
- getFile(basedir)
- totalline = 0
- for filelist in filelists:
- totalline = totalline + countLine(filelist)
- print ('total lines:',totalline)
- print ('Done! Cost Time: %0.2f second' % (time.clock() - startTime))
3.掃描當(dāng)前目錄和所有子目錄并顯示大小。
- import os
- import sys
- try:
- directory = sys.argv[1]
- except IndexError:
- sys.exit("Must provide an argument.")
- dir_size = 0
- fsizedicr = {'Bytes': 1,
- 'Kilobytes': float(1) / 1024,
- 'Megabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024),
- 'Gigabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)}
- for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(directory):
- for file in files:
- filename = os.path.join(path, file)
- dir_size += os.path.getsize(filename)
- fsizeList = [str(round(fsizedicr[key] * dir_size, 2)) + " " + key for key in fsizedicr]
- if dir_size == 0: print ("File Empty")
- else:
- for units in sorted(fsizeList)[::-1]:
- print ("Folder Size: " + units)
4.將源目錄240天以上的所有文件移動到目標(biāo)目錄。
- import shutil
- import sys
- import time
- import os
- import argparse
- usage = 'python move_files_over_x_days.py -src [SRC] -dst [DST] -days [DAYS]'
- description = 'Move files from src to dst if they are older than a certain number of days. Default is 240 days'
- args_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage, description=description)
- args_parser.add_argument('-src', '--src', type=str, nargs='?', default='.', help='(OPTIONAL) Directory where files will be moved from. Defaults to current directory')
- args_parser.add_argument('-dst', '--dst', type=str, nargs='?', required=True, help='(REQUIRED) Directory where files will be moved to.')
- args_parser.add_argument('-days', '--days', type=int, nargs='?', default=240, help='(OPTIONAL) Days value specifies the minimum age of files to be moved. Default is 240.')
- args = args_parser.parse_args()
- if args.days < 0:
- args.days = 0
- src = args.src # 設(shè)置源目錄
- dst = args.dst # 設(shè)置目標(biāo)目錄
- days = args.days # 設(shè)置天數(shù)
- now = time.time() # 獲得當(dāng)前時間
- if not os.path.exists(dst):
- os.mkdir(dst)
- for f in os.listdir(src): # 遍歷源目錄所有文件
- if os.stat(f).st_mtime < now - days * 86400: # 判斷是否超過240天
- if os.path.isfile(f): # 檢查是否是文件
- shutil.move(f, dst) # 移動文件
5.掃描腳本目錄,并給出不同類型腳本的計數(shù)。
- import os
- import shutil
- from time import strftime
- logsdir="c:\logs\puttylogs"
- zipdir="c:\logs\puttylogs\zipped_logs"
- zip_program="zip.exe"
- for files in os.listdir(logsdir):
- if files.endswith(".log"):
- files1=files+"."+strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+".zip"
- os.chdir(logsdir)
- os.system(zip_program + " " + files1 +" "+ files)
- shutil.move(files1, zipdir)
- os.remove(files)
6.下載Leetcode的算法題。
- import sys
- import re
- import os
- import argparse
- import requests
- from lxml import html as lxml_html
- try:
- import html
- except ImportError:
- import HTMLParser
- html = HTMLParser.HTMLParser()
- try:
- import cPickle as pk
- except ImportError:
- import pickle as pk
- class LeetcodeProblems(object):
- def get_problems_info(self):
- leetcode_url = 'https://leetcode.com/problemset/algorithms'
- res = requests.get(leetcode_url)
- if not res.ok:
- print('request error')
- sys.exit()
- cm = res.text
- cmt = cm.split('tbody>')[-2]
- indexs = re.findall(r'<td>(\d+)</td>', cmt)
- problem_urls = ['https://leetcode.com' + url \
- for url in re.findall(
- r'<a href="(/problems/.+?)"', cmt)]
- levels = re.findall(r"<td value='\d*'>(.+?)</td>", cmt)
- tinfos = zip(indexs, levels, problem_urls)
- assert (len(indexs) == len(problem_urls) == len(levels))
- infos = []
- for info in tinfos:
- res = requests.get(info[-1])
- if not res.ok:
- print('request error')
- sys.exit()
- tree = lxml_html.fromstring(res.text)
- title = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:title"]/@content')[0]
- description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="description"]/@content')
- if not description:
- description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:description"]/@content')[0]
- else:
- description = description[0]
- description = html.unescape(description.strip())
- tags = tree.xpath('//div[@id="tags"]/following::a[@class="btn btn-xs btn-primary"]/text()')
- infos.append(
- {
- 'title': title,
- 'level': info[1],
- 'index': int(info[0]),
- 'description': description,
- 'tags': tags
- }
- )
- with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'wb') as g:
- pk.dump(infos, g)
- return infos
- def to_text(self, pm_infos):
- if self.args.index:
- key = 'index'
- elif self.args.title:
- key = 'title'
- elif self.args.tag:
- key = 'tags'
- elif self.args.level:
- key = 'level'
- else:
- key = 'index'
- infos = sorted(pm_infos, key=lambda i: i[key])
- text_template = '## {index} - {title}\n' \
- '~{level}~ {tags}\n' \
- '{description}\n' + '\n' * self.args.line
- text = ''
- for info in infos:
- if self.args.rm_blank:
- info['description'] = re.sub(r'[\n\r]+', r'\n', info['description'])
- text += text_template.format(**info)
- with open('leecode problems.txt', 'w') as g:
- g.write(text)
- def run(self):
- if os.path.exists('leecode_problems.pk') and not self.args.redownload:
- with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'rb') as f:
- pm_infos = pk.load(f)
- else:
- pm_infos = self.get_problems_info()
- print('find %s problems.' % len(pm_infos))
- self.to_text(pm_infos)
- def handle_args(argv):
- p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='extract all leecode problems to location')
- p.add_argument('--index', action='store_true', help='sort by index')
- p.add_argument('--level', action='store_true', help='sort by level')
- p.add_argument('--tag', action='store_true', help='sort by tag')
- p.add_argument('--title', action='store_true', help='sort by title')
- p.add_argument('--rm_blank', action='store_true', help='remove blank')
- p.add_argument('--line', action='store', type=int, default=10, help='blank of two problems')
- p.add_argument('-r', '--redownload', action='store_true', help='redownload data')
- args = p.parse_args(argv[1:])
- return args
- def main(argv):
- args = handle_args(argv)
- x = LeetcodeProblems()
- x.args = args
- x.run()
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- argv = sys.argv
- main(argv)
7.將 Markdown 轉(zhuǎn)換為 HTML。
- import sys
- import os
- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
- import markdown
- class MarkdownToHtml:
- headTag = '<head><meta charset="utf-8" /></head>'
- def __init__(self,cssFilePath = None):
- if cssFilePath != None:
- self.genStyle(cssFilePath)
- def genStyle(self,cssFilePath):
- with open(cssFilePath,'r') as f:
- cssString = f.read()
- self.headTag = self.headTag[:-7] + '<style type="text/css">{}</style>'.format(cssString) + self.headTag[-7:]
- def markdownToHtml(self, sourceFilePath, destinationDirectory = None, outputFileName = None):
- if not destinationDirectory:
- # 未定義輸出目錄則將源文件目錄(注意要轉(zhuǎn)換為絕對路徑)作為輸出目錄
- destinationDirectory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sourceFilePath))
- if not outputFileName:
- # 未定義輸出文件名則沿用輸入文件名
- outputFileName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sourceFilePath))[0] + '.html'
- if destinationDirectory[-1] != '/':
- destinationDirectory += '/'
- with open(sourceFilePath,'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
- markdownText = f.read()
- # 編譯出原始 HTML 文本
- rawHtml = self.headTag + markdown.markdown(markdownText,output_format='html5')
- # 格式化 HTML 文本為可讀性更強(qiáng)的格式
- beautifyHtml = BeautifulSoup(rawHtml,'html5lib').prettify()
- with open(destinationDirectory + outputFileName, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
- f.write(beautifyHtml)
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- mth = MarkdownToHtml()
- # 做一個命令行參數(shù)列表的淺拷貝,不包含腳本文件名
- argv = sys.argv[1:]
- # 目前列表 argv 可能包含源文件路徑之外的元素(即選項信息)
- # 程序最后遍歷列表 argv 進(jìn)行編譯 markdown 時,列表中的元素必須全部是源文件路徑
- outputDirectory = None
- if '-s' in argv:
- cssArgIndex = argv.index('-s') +1
- cssFilePath = argv[cssArgIndex]
- # 檢測樣式表文件路徑是否有效
- if not os.path.isfile(cssFilePath):
- print('Invalid Path: '+cssFilePath)
- sys.exit()
- mth.genStyle(cssFilePath)
- # pop 順序不能隨意變化
- argv.pop(cssArgIndex)
- argv.pop(cssArgIndex-1)
- if '-o' in argv:
- dirArgIndex = argv.index('-o') +1
- outputDirectory = argv[dirArgIndex]
- # 檢測輸出目錄是否有效
- if not os.path.isdir(outputDirectory):
- print('Invalid Directory: ' + outputDirectory)
- sys.exit()
- # pop 順序不能隨意變化
- argv.pop(dirArgIndex)
- argv.pop(dirArgIndex-1)
- # 至此,列表 argv 中的元素均是源文件路徑
- # 遍歷所有源文件路徑
- for filePath in argv:
- # 判斷文件路徑是否有效
- if os.path.isfile(filePath):
- mth.markdownToHtml(filePath, outputDirectory)
- else:
- print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)
8.文本文件編碼檢測與轉(zhuǎn)換。
- import sys
- import os
- import argparse
- from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector
- parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = '文本文件編碼檢測與轉(zhuǎn)換')
- parser.add_argument('filePaths', nargs = '+',
- help = '檢測或轉(zhuǎn)換的文件路徑')
- parser.add_argument('-e', '--encoding', nargs = '?', const = 'UTF-8',
- help = '''
- 目標(biāo)編碼。支持的編碼有:
- ASCII, (Default) UTF-8 (with or without a BOM), UTF-16 (with a BOM),
- UTF-32 (with a BOM), Big5, GB2312/GB18030, EUC-TW, HZ-GB-2312, ISO-2022-CN, EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, ISO-2022-JP,
- ISO-2022-KR, KOI8-R, MacCyrillic, IBM855, IBM866, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-2, windows-1250, EUC-KR,
- ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-1, windows-1252, ISO-8859-7, windows-1253, ISO-8859-8, windows-1255, TIS-620
- ''')
- parser.add_argument('-o', '--output',
- help = '輸出目錄')
- # 解析參數(shù),得到一個 Namespace 對象
- args = parser.parse_args()
- # 輸出目錄不為空即視為開啟轉(zhuǎn)換, 若未指定轉(zhuǎn)換編碼,則默認(rèn)為 UTF-8
- if args.output != None:
- if not args.encoding:
- # 默認(rèn)使用編碼 UTF-8
- args.encoding = 'UTF-8'
- # 檢測用戶提供的輸出目錄是否有效
- if not os.path.isdir(args.output):
- print('Invalid Directory: ' + args.output)
- sys.exit()
- else:
- if args.output[-1] != '/':
- args.output += '/'
- # 實例化一個通用檢測器
- detector = UniversalDetector()
- print()
- print('Encoding (Confidence)',':','File path')
- for filePath in args.filePaths:
- # 檢測文件路徑是否有效,無效則跳過
- if not os.path.isfile(filePath):
- print('Invalid Path: ' + filePath)
- continue
- # 重置檢測器
- detector.reset()
- # 以二進(jìn)制模式讀取文件
- for each in open(filePath, 'rb'):
- # 檢測器讀取數(shù)據(jù)
- detector.feed(each)
- # 若檢測完成則跳出循環(huán)
- if detector.done:
- break
- # 關(guān)閉檢測器
- detector.close()
- # 讀取結(jié)果
- charEncoding = detector.result['encoding']
- confidence = detector.result['confidence']
- # 打印信息
- if charEncoding is None:
- charEncoding = 'Unknown'
- confidence = 0.99
- print('{} {:>12} : {}'.format(charEncoding.rjust(8),
- '('+str(confidence*100)+'%)', filePath))
- if args.encoding and charEncoding != 'Unknown' and confidence > 0.6:
- # 若未設(shè)置輸出目錄則覆蓋源文件
- outputPath = args.output + os.path.basename(filePath) if args.output else filePath
- with open(filePath, 'r', encoding = charEncoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
- temp = f.read()
- with open(outputPath, 'w', encoding = args.encoding, errors = 'replace') as f:
- f.write(temp)
最后兩個腳本內(nèi)容選至實驗樓的課程《使用 Python3 編寫系列實用腳本》,課程對這兩個腳本有詳細(xì)的實現(xiàn)過程講解,感興趣的同學(xué)可以直接前往實驗樓進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)!