使用Fedora 31和Nextcloud服務(wù)器構(gòu)建自己的云
Nextcloud 是用于跨多個設(shè)備存儲和同步數(shù)據(jù)的軟件套件。你可以從 https://github.com/nextcloud/server 了解有關(guān) Nextcloud 服務(wù)器的更多特性信息。
本文通過幾個簡單的步驟演示了如何使用 Fedora 和 Nextcloud 構(gòu)建個人云。對于本教程,你將需要一臺獨立計算機或運行 Fedora 31 服務(wù)器版的虛擬機,還需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接。
步驟 1:預(yù)先安裝條件
在安裝和配置 Nextcloud 之前,必須滿足一些預(yù)先條件。
首先,安裝 Apache Web 服務(wù)器:
# dnf install httpd
接下來,安裝 PHP 和一些其他模塊。確保所安裝的 PHP 版本符合 Nextcloud 的要求:
# dnf install php php-gd php-mbstring php-intl php-pecl-apcu php-mysqlnd php-pecl-redis php-opcache php-imagick php-zip php-process
安裝 PHP 后,啟用并啟動 Apache Web 服務(wù)器:
# systemctl enable --now httpd
接下來,允許 HTTP 流量穿過防火墻:
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
# firewall-cmd --reload
接下來,安裝 MariaDB 服務(wù)器和客戶端:
# dnf install mariadb mariadb-server
然后啟用并啟動 MariaDB 服務(wù)器
# systemctl enable --now mariadb
現(xiàn)在,MariaDB 正在運行,你可以運行 mysql_secure_installation
命令來保護它:
# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL
MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP
CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the
current password for the root user. If you've just installed
MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password
will be blank, so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): <ENTER>
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into
the MariaDB root user without the proper authorization.
Set root password? [Y/n] <ENTER>
New password: Your_Password_Here
Re-enter new password: Your_Password_Here
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables...
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You
should remove them before moving into a production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <ENTER>
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the
root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <ENTER>
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and
should be removed before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <ENTER>
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <ENTER>
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your
MariaDB installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
接下來,為你的 Nextcloud 實例創(chuàng)建獨立的用戶和數(shù)據(jù)庫:
# mysql -p
> create database nextcloud;
> create user 'nc_admin'@'localhost' identified by 'SeCrEt';
> grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to 'nc_admin'@'localhost';
> flush privileges;
> exit;
步驟 2:安裝 Nextcloud 服務(wù)器
現(xiàn)在,你已滿足 Nextcloud 安裝的預(yù)先條件,請下載并解壓 Nextcloud 壓縮包:
# wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-17.0.2.zip
# unzip nextcloud-17.0.2.zip -d /var/www/html/
接下來,創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)文件夾,并授予 Apache 對 nextcloud
目錄樹的讀寫訪問權(quán)限:
# mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data
# chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/nextcloud
SELinux 必須配置為可與 Nextcloud 一起使用。基本命令如下所示,但在 nexcloud 安裝中還有很多其他的命令,發(fā)布在這里:Nextcloud SELinux 配置。
# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/config(/.*)?'
# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/apps(/.*)?'
# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/data(/.*)?'
# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/.user.ini'
# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/nextcloud/3rdparty/aws/aws-sdk-php/src/data/logs(/.*)?'
# restorecon -Rv '/var/www/html/nextcloud/'
步驟 3:配置 Nextcloud
可以使用它的 Web 界面或在命令行配置 Nextcloud。
使用 Web 界面
在你喜歡的瀏覽器中,訪問 http://your_server_ip/nextcloud 并輸入字段:
使用命令行
在命令行中,只需輸入以下內(nèi)容,使用你之前在 MariaDB 中創(chuàng)建的獨立 Nextcloud 用戶替換相應(yīng)的值:
# sudo -u apache php occ maintenance:install --data-dir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data/ --database "mysql" --database-name "nextcloud" --database-user "nc_admin" --database-pass "DB_SeCuRe_PaSsWoRd" --admin-user "admin" --admin-pass "Admin_SeCuRe_PaSsWoRd"
最后幾點
- 我使用的是 http 協(xié)議,但是 Nextcloud 也可以在 https 上運行。我可能會在以后的文章中寫一篇有關(guān)保護 Nextcloud 的文章。
- 我禁用了 SELinux,但是如果配置它,你的服務(wù)器將更加安全。
- Nextcloud 的建議 PHP 內(nèi)存限制為 512M。要更改它,請編輯
/etc/php.ini
配置文件中的memory_limit
變量,然后重新啟動 httpd 服務(wù)。 -
默認情況下,只能使用 http://localhost/ URL 訪問 Web 界面。如果要允許使用其他域名訪問,你可編輯 /var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php 來進行此操作。
*
字符可用于繞過域名限制,并允許任何解析為服務(wù)器 IP 的 URL 訪問。'trusted_domains' =>
array (
0 => 'localhost',
1 => '*',
),