編寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)潔的React代碼建議
前言
干凈的代碼易于閱讀,簡(jiǎn)單易懂,而且組織整齊。在這篇文章中,列舉了一些平時(shí)可能需要關(guān)注的點(diǎn)。
如果你不同意其中任何一條,那也完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題。
只對(duì)一個(gè)條件進(jìn)行條件性渲染
如果你需要在一個(gè)條件為真時(shí)有條件地呈現(xiàn)一些東西,在一個(gè)條件為假時(shí)不呈現(xiàn)任何東西,不要使用三元運(yùn)算符。使用&&運(yùn)算符代替。
糟糕的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const ConditionalRenderingWhenTrueBad = () => {
- const [showConditionalText, setShowConditionalText] = useState(false)
- const handleClick = () =>
- setShowConditionalText(showConditionalText => !showConditionalText)
- return (
- <div>
- <button onClick={handleClick}>Toggle the text</button>
- {showConditionalText ? <p>The condition must be true!</p> : null}
- </div>
- )
- }
好的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const ConditionalRenderingWhenTrueGood = () => {
- const [showConditionalText, setShowConditionalText] = useState(false)
- const handleClick = () =>
- setShowConditionalText(showConditionalText => !showConditionalText)
- return (
- <div>
- <button onClick={handleClick}>Toggle the text</button>
- {showConditionalText && <p>The condition must be true!</p>}
- </div>
- )
- }
有條件的渲染是指在任何條件下
如果你需要在一個(gè)條件為真時(shí)有條件地呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)東西,在條件為假時(shí)呈現(xiàn)另一個(gè)東西,請(qǐng)使用三元運(yùn)算符。
糟糕的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const ConditionalRenderingBad = () => {
- const [showConditionOneText, setShowConditionOneText] = useState(false)
- const handleClick = () =>
- setShowConditionOneText(showConditionOneText => !showConditionOneText)
- return (
- <div>
- <button onClick={handleClick}>Toggle the text</button>
- {showConditionOneText && <p>The condition must be true!</p>}
- {!showConditionOneText && <p>The condition must be false!</p>}
- </div>
- )
- }
好的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const ConditionalRenderingGood = () => {
- const [showConditionOneText, setShowConditionOneText] = useState(false)
- const handleClick = () =>
- setShowConditionOneText(showConditionOneText => !showConditionOneText)
- return (
- <div>
- <button onClick={handleClick}>Toggle the text</button>
- {showConditionOneText ? (
- <p>The condition must be true!</p>
- ) : (
- <p>The condition must be false!</p>
- )}
- </div>
- )
- }
Boolean props
一個(gè)真實(shí)的props可以提供給一個(gè)組件,只有props名稱(chēng)而沒(méi)有值,比如:myTruthyProp。寫(xiě)成myTruthyProp={true}是不必要的。
糟糕的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const HungryMessage = ({ isHungry }) => (
- <span>{isHungry ? 'I am hungry' : 'I am full'}</span>
- )
- export const BooleanPropBad = () => (
- <div>
- <span>
- <b>This person is hungry: </b>
- </span>
- <HungryMessage isHungry={true} />
- <br />
- <span>
- <b>This person is full: </b>
- </span>
- <HungryMessage isHungry={false} />
- </div>
- )
好的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const HungryMessage = ({ isHungry }) => (
- <span>{isHungry ? 'I am hungry' : 'I am full'}</span>
- )
- export const BooleanPropGood = () => (
- <div>
- <span>
- <b>This person is hungry: </b>
- </span>
- <HungryMessage isHungry />
- <br />
- <span>
- <b>This person is full: </b>
- </span>
- <HungryMessage isHungry={false} />
- </div>
- )
String props
可以用雙引號(hào)提供一個(gè)字符串道具值,而不使用大括號(hào)或反斜線。
糟糕的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const Greeting = ({ personName }) => <p>Hi, {personName}!</p>
- export const StringPropValuesBad = () => (
- <div>
- <Greeting personName={"John"} />
- <Greeting personName={'Matt'} />
- <Greeting personName={`Paul`} />
- </div>
- )
好的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const Greeting = ({ personName }) => <p>Hi, {personName}!</p>
- export const StringPropValuesGood = () => (
- <div>
- <Greeting personName="John" />
- <Greeting personName="Matt" />
- <Greeting personName="Paul" />
- </div>
- )
事件處理函數(shù)
如果一個(gè)事件處理程序只需要事件對(duì)象的一個(gè)參數(shù),你就可以像這樣提供函數(shù)作為事件處理程序:onChange={handleChange}。
你不需要像這樣把函數(shù)包在一個(gè)匿名函數(shù)中。
糟糕的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const UnnecessaryAnonymousFunctionsBad = () => {
- const [inputValue, setInputValue] = useState('')
- const handleChange = e => {
- setInputValue(e.target.value)
- }
- return (
- <>
- <label htmlFor="name">Name: </label>
- <input id="name" value={inputValue} onChange={e => handleChange(e)} />
- </>
- )
- }
好的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const UnnecessaryAnonymousFunctionsGood = () => {
- const [inputValue, setInputValue] = useState('')
- const handleChange = e => {
- setInputValue(e.target.value)
- }
- return (
- <>
- <label htmlFor="name">Name: </label>
- <input id="name" value={inputValue} onChange={handleChange} />
- </>
- )
- }
將組件作為props傳遞
當(dāng)把一個(gè)組件作為props傳遞給另一個(gè)組件時(shí),如果該組件不接受任何props,你就不需要把這個(gè)傳遞的組件包裹在一個(gè)函數(shù)中。
糟糕的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const CircleIcon = () => (
- <svg height="100" width="100">
- <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black" stroke-width="3" fill="red" />
- </svg>
- )
- const ComponentThatAcceptsAnIcon = ({ IconComponent }) => (
- <div>
- <p>Below is the icon component prop I was given:</p>
- <IconComponent />
- </div>
- )
- export const UnnecessaryAnonymousFunctionComponentsBad = () => (
- <ComponentThatAcceptsAnIcon IconComponent={() => <CircleIcon />} />
- )
好的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const CircleIcon = () => (
- <svg height="100" width="100">
- <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="black" stroke-width="3" fill="red" />
- </svg>
- )
- const ComponentThatAcceptsAnIcon = ({ IconComponent }) => (
- <div>
- <p>Below is the icon component prop I was given:</p>
- <IconComponent />
- </div>
- )
- export const UnnecessaryAnonymousFunctionComponentsGood = () => (
- <ComponentThatAcceptsAnIcon IconComponent={CircleIcon} />
- )
為定義的props
未定義的props被排除在外,所以如果props未定義是可以的,就不要擔(dān)心提供未定義的回退。
糟糕的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const ButtonOne = ({ handleClick }) => (
- <button onClick={handleClick || undefined}>Click me</button>
- )
- const ButtonTwo = ({ handleClick }) => {
- const noop = () => {}
- return <button onClick={handleClick || noop}>Click me</button>
- }
- export const UndefinedPropsBad = () => (
- <div>
- <ButtonOne />
- <ButtonOne handleClick={() => alert('Clicked!')} />
- <ButtonTwo />
- <ButtonTwo handleClick={() => alert('Clicked!')} />
- </div>
- )
好的例子:
- import React from 'react'
- const ButtonOne = ({ handleClick }) => (
- <button onClick={handleClick}>Click me</button>
- )
- export const UndefinedPropsGood = () => (
- <div>
- <ButtonOne />
- <ButtonOne handleClick={() => alert('Clicked!')} />
- </div>
- )
設(shè)置依賴(lài)前一個(gè)狀態(tài)的狀態(tài)
如果新的狀態(tài)依賴(lài)于之前的狀態(tài),那么一定要把狀態(tài)設(shè)置為之前狀態(tài)的函數(shù)。React的狀態(tài)更新可以是分批進(jìn)行的,如果不這樣寫(xiě)你的更新就會(huì)導(dǎo)致意外的結(jié)果。
糟糕的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const PreviousStateBad = () => {
- const [isDisabled, setIsDisabled] = useState(false)
- const toggleButton = () => setIsDisabled(!isDisabled)
- const toggleButton2Times = () => {
- for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
- toggleButton()
- }
- }
- return (
- <div>
- <button disabled={isDisabled}>
- I'm {isDisabled ? 'disabled' : 'enabled'}
- </button>
- <button onClick={toggleButton}>Toggle button state</button>
- <button onClick={toggleButton2Times}>Toggle button state 2 times</button>
- </div>
- )
- }
好的例子:
- import React, { useState } from 'react'
- export const PreviousStateGood = () => {
- const [isDisabled, setIsDisabled] = useState(false)
- const toggleButton = () => setIsDisabled(isDisabled => !isDisabled)
- const toggleButton2Times = () => {
- for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
- toggleButton()
- }
- }
- return (
- <div>
- <button disabled={isDisabled}>
- I'm {isDisabled ? 'disabled' : 'enabled'}
- </button>
- <button onClick={toggleButton}>Toggle button state</button>
- <button onClick={toggleButton2Times}>Toggle button state 2 times</button>
- </div>
- )
- }
總結(jié)
以下做法并非針對(duì)React,而是在JavaScript(以及任何編程語(yǔ)言)中編寫(xiě)干凈代碼的良好做法。
稍微做個(gè)總結(jié):
- 將復(fù)雜的邏輯提取為明確命名的函數(shù)
- 將神奇的數(shù)字提取為常量
- 使用明確命名的變量
我是TianTian,我們下一期見(jiàn)!!!