如何在 Linux下優(yōu)雅的進(jìn)行大文件切割與合并
作者:佚名
往往是因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸?shù)南拗疲瑢?dǎo)致很多時(shí)候,我們需要在 Linux 系統(tǒng)下進(jìn)行大文件的切割。這樣將一個(gè)大文件切割成為多個(gè)小文件,進(jìn)行傳輸,傳輸完畢之后進(jìn)行合并即可。
1. 文件切割 - split
在 Linux 系統(tǒng)下使用 split 命令進(jìn)行大文件切割很方便
- [1] 命令語(yǔ)法
- # -a: 指定輸出文件名的后綴長(zhǎng)度(默認(rèn)為2個(gè):aa,ab...)
- # -d: 指定輸出文件名的后綴用數(shù)字代替
- # -l: 行數(shù)分割模式(指定每多少行切成一個(gè)小文件;默認(rèn)行數(shù)是1000行)
- # -b: 二進(jìn)制分割模式(支持單位:k/m)
- # -C: 文件大小分割模式(切割時(shí)盡量維持每行的完整性)
- split [-a] [-d] [-l <行數(shù)>] [-b <字節(jié)>] [-C <字節(jié)>] [要切割的文件] [輸出文件名]
- [2] 使用實(shí)例
- # 行切割文件
- $ split -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_
- # 使用數(shù)字后綴
- $ split -d -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_
- # 按字節(jié)大小分割
- $ split -d -b 100m users.sql /data/users_
- [3] 幫助信息
- # 幫助信息
- $ split --help
- Usage: split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
- Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...;
- default size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.
- With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
- Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
- -a, --suffix-length=N generate suffixes of length N (default 2) 后綴名稱(chēng)的長(zhǎng)度(默認(rèn)為2)
- --additional-suffix=SUFFIX append an additional SUFFIX to file names
- -b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file 每個(gè)輸出文件的字節(jié)大小
- -C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of records per output file 每個(gè)輸出文件的最大字節(jié)大小
- -d use numeric suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic 使用數(shù)字后綴代替字母后綴
- --numeric-suffixes[=FROM] same as -d, but allow setting the start value
- -e, --elide-empty-files do not generate empty output files with '-n' 不產(chǎn)生空的輸出文件
- --filter=COMMAND write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE 寫(xiě)入到shell命令行
- -l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines/records per output file 設(shè)定每個(gè)輸出文件的行數(shù)
- -n, --number=CHUNKS generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below 產(chǎn)生chunks文件
- -t, --separator=SEP use SEP instead of newline as the record separator; 使用新字符分割
- '\0' (zero) specifies the NUL character
- -u, --unbuffered immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...' 無(wú)需緩存
- --verbose print a diagnostic just before each 顯示分割進(jìn)度
- output file is opened
- --help display this help and exit 顯示幫助信息
- --version output version information and exit 顯示版本信息
- The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
- Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
- CHUNKS may be:
- N split into N files based on size of input
- K/N output Kth of N to stdout
- l/N split into N files without splitting lines/records
- l/K/N output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines/records
- r/N like 'l' but use round robin distribution
- r/K/N likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout
- GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
- Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/split>
- or available locally via: info '(coreutils) split invocation'
2. 文件合并 - cat
在 Linux 系統(tǒng)下使用 cat 命令進(jìn)行多個(gè)小文件的合并也很方便
- [1] 命令語(yǔ)法
- # -n: 顯示行號(hào)
- # -e: 以$字符作為每行的結(jié)尾
- # -t: 顯示TAB字符(^I)
- cat [-n] [-e] [-t] [輸出文件名]
- [2] 使用實(shí)例
- # 合并文件
- $ cat /data/users_* > users.sql
- [3] 幫助信息
- # 幫助信息
- $ cat --h
- Usage: cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
- Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.
- With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
- -A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
- -b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
- -e equivalent to -vE
- -E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
- -n, --number number all output lines
- -s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
- -t equivalent to -vT
- -T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
- -u (ignored)
- -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
- --help display this help and exit
- --version output version information and exit
- Examples:
- cat f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
- cat Copy standard input to standard output.
- GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
- Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
- or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'
3. 參考文檔
- Linux 大文件的分割與合并
- Linux 學(xué)習(xí)–文件分割與合并
責(zé)任編輯:龐桂玉
來(lái)源:
奇妙的Linux世界