淺談訂單重構之 MySQL 分庫分表實戰(zhàn)篇
一、背景
發(fā)布上篇文章淺談訂單重構之路之后,有很多小伙伴想知道,分庫分表具體是如何實現(xiàn)的。那么這篇文章具體介紹下,分庫分表實戰(zhàn)。
二、目標
本文將完成如下目標:
* 分表數(shù)量: 256 分庫數(shù)量: 4
* 以用戶ID(user_id) 為數(shù)據(jù)庫分片Key
* 最后測試訂單創(chuàng)建,更新,刪除, 單訂單號查詢,根據(jù)user_id查詢列表操作。
架構圖:
表結構如下:
- CREATE TABLE `order_XXX` (
- `order_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
- `user_id` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '訂單id',
- `status` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '訂單狀態(tài)',
- `booking_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
- `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
- `update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`),
- KEY `idx_user_id` (`user_id`),
- KEY `idx_bdate` (`booking_date`),
- KEY `idx_ctime` (`create_time`),
- KEY `idx_utime` (`update_time`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
注: 000<= XXX <= 255, 本文重點在于分庫分表實踐, 只保留具有代表性字段,其它場景可以在此基礎上做改進。
全局唯一ID設計
要求:1.全局唯一 2:粗略有序 3:可反解出庫編號
-
1bit + 39bit時間差 + 8bit機器號 + 8bit用戶編號(庫號) + 8bit自增序列
訂單號組成項 | 保留字段 | 毫秒級時間差 | 機器數(shù) | 用戶編號(表編號) | 自增序列 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
所占字節(jié)(單位bit) | 1 | 39 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
單機最大QPS: 256000 使用壽命: 17年
訂單號生成規(guī)則說明詳見 淺談分布式唯一Id生成器之最佳實踐
三、環(huán)境準備
1. 基本信息
2. 數(shù)據(jù)庫環(huán)境準備
溫馨提示:使用docker-compose快速搭建了4主4從數(shù)據(jù)庫集群,實現(xiàn)本地快速一鍵部署,生產環(huán)境一般由DBA同學搭建。
具體實現(xiàn)請移步查看: https://gitee.com/bytearch_admin/docker-app/tree/main/mysql-cluster
3. 建庫 & 導入分表
* 在mysql master實例分別建庫
172.30.1.21( o rder_db_ 1) , 172.30.1.22( order_db_2) ,
172.30.1.23( ord er_db_3) , 172.30.1.24( order_db_4 )
* 依次導入建表SQL 命令為
- mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.21 order_db_1<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_1.sql;
- mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.22 order_db_2<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_2.sql;
- mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.23 order_db_3<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_3.sql;
- mysql -uroot -pbytearch -h172.30.1.24 order_db_4<fast-cloud-mysql-sharding/doc/sql/order_db_4.sql;
四、配置&實踐
1. pom文件
- <!-- mango 分庫分表中間件 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.jfaster</groupId>
- <artifactId>mango-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- 分布式ID生成器 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.bytearch</groupId>
- <artifactId>fast-cloud-id-generator</artifactId>
- <version>${version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>mysql</groupId>
- <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
- <version>6.0.6</version>
- </dependency>
2. 常量配置
- package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common;
- /**
- * 分庫分表策略常用常量
- */
- public class ShardingStrategyConstant {
- /**
- * database 邏輯名稱 ,真實庫名為 order_db_XXX
- */
- public static final String LOGIC_ORDER_DATABASE_NAME = "order_db";
- /**
- * 分表數(shù) 256,一旦確定不可更改
- */
- public static final int SHARDING_TABLE_NUM = 256;
- /**
- * 分庫數(shù), 不建議更改, 可以更改,但是需要DBA遷移數(shù)據(jù)
- */
- public static final int SHARDING_DATABASE_NODE_NUM = 4;
- }
3. yml 配置
4主4從數(shù)據(jù)庫配置, 這里僅測試默認使用root用戶密碼,生產環(huán)境不建議使用root用戶。
- mango:
- scan-package: com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.dao
- datasources:
- - name: order_db_1
- master:
- driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.21:3306/order_db_1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 3000
- slaves:
- - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.31:3306/order_db_1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 3000
- - name: order_db_2
- master:
- driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.22:3306/order_db_2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 3000
- slaves:
- - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.32:3306/order_db_2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 3000
- - name: order_db_3
- master:
- driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.23:3306/order_db_3?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 3000
- slaves:
- - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.33:3306/order_db_3?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 3000
- - name: order_db_4
- master:
- driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.24:3306/order_db_4?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 3000
- slaves:
- - driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://172.30.1.34:3306/order_db_4?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedState&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=5000&useSSL=false
- user-name: root
- password: bytearch
- maximum-pool-size: 10
- connection-timeout: 300
4. 分庫分表策略
1). 根據(jù)order_id為shardKey分庫分表策略
- package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.strategy;
- import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common.ShardingStrategyConstant;
- import com.bytearch.id.generator.IdEntity;
- import com.bytearch.id.generator.SeqIdUtil;
- import org.jfaster.mango.sharding.ShardingStrategy;
- /**
- * 訂單號分庫分表策略
- */
- public class OrderIdShardingStrategy implements ShardingStrategy<Long, Long> {
- @Override
- public String getDataSourceFactoryName(Long orderId) {
- if (orderId == null || orderId < 0L) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("order_id is invalid!");
- }
- IdEntity idEntity = SeqIdUtil.decodeId(orderId);
- if (idEntity.getExtraId() >= ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("sharding table Num is invalid, tableNum:" + idEntity.getExtraId());
- }
- //1. 計算步長
- int step = ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM / ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_DATABASE_NODE_NUM;
- //2. 計算出庫編號
- long dbNo = Math.floorDiv(idEntity.getExtraId(), step) + 1;
- //3. 返回數(shù)據(jù)源名
- return String.format("%s_%s", ShardingStrategyConstant.LOGIC_ORDER_DATABASE_NAME, dbNo);
- }
- @Override
- public String getTargetTable(String logicTableName, Long orderId) {
- if (orderId == null || orderId < 0L) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("order_id is invalid!");
- }
- IdEntity idEntity = SeqIdUtil.decodeId(orderId);
- if (idEntity.getExtraId() >= ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM) {
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("sharding table Num is invalid, tableNum:" + idEntity.getExtraId());
- }
- // 基于約定,真實表名為 logicTableName_XXX, XXX不足三位補0
- return String.format("%s_%03d", logicTableName, idEntity.getExtraId());
- }
- }
2). 根據(jù)user_id 為shardKey分庫分表策略
- package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.strategy;
- import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common.ShardingStrategyConstant;
- import org.jfaster.mango.sharding.ShardingStrategy;
- /**
- * 指定分片KEY 分庫分表策略
- */
- public class UserIdShardingStrategy implements ShardingStrategy<Integer, Integer> {
- @Override
- public String getDataSourceFactoryName(Integer userId) {
- //1. 計算步長 即單庫放得表數(shù)量
- int step = ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM / ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_DATABASE_NODE_NUM;
- //2. 計算出庫編號
- long dbNo = Math.floorDiv(userId % ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM, step) + 1;
- //3. 返回數(shù)據(jù)源名
- return String.format("%s_%s", ShardingStrategyConstant.LOGIC_ORDER_DATABASE_NAME, dbNo);
- }
- @Override
- public String getTargetTable(String logicTableName, Integer userId) {
- // 基于約定,真實表名為 logicTableName_XXX, XXX不足三位補0
- return String.format("%s_%03d", logicTableName, userId % ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM);
- }
- }
5. dao層編寫
1). OrderPartitionByIdDao
- package com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.dao;
- import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.common.ShardingStrategyConstant;
- import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.pojo.entity.OrderEntity;
- import com.bytearch.fast.cloud.mysql.sharding.strategy.OrderIdShardingStrategy;
- import org.jfaster.mango.annotation.*;
- @DB(name = ShardingStrategyConstant.LOGIC_ORDER_DATABASE_NAME, table = "order")
- @Sharding(shardingStrategy = OrderIdShardingStrategy.class)
- public interface OrderPartitionByIdDao {
- @SQL("INSERT INTO #table (order_id, user_id, status, booking_date, create_time, update_time) VALUES" +
- "(:orderId,:userId,:status,:bookingDate,:createTime,:updateTime)"
- )
- int insertOrder(@TableShardingBy("orderId") @DatabaseShardingBy("orderId") OrderEntity orderEntity);
- @SQL("UPDATE #table set update_time = now()" +
- "#if(:bookingDate != null),booking_date = :bookingDate #end " +
- "#if (:status != null), status = :status #end" +
- "WHERE order_id = :orderId"
- )
- int updateOrderByOrderId(@TableShardingBy("orderId") @DatabaseShardingBy("orderId") OrderEntity orderEntity);
- @SQL("SELECT * FROM #table WHERE order_id = :1")
- OrderEntity getOrderById(@TableShardingBy @DatabaseShardingBy Long orderId);
- @SQL("SELECT * FROM #table WHERE order_id = :1")
- @UseMaster
- OrderEntity getOrderByIdFromMaster(@TableShardingBy @DatabaseShardingBy Long orderId);
6. 單元測試
- @SpringBootTest(classes = {Application.class})
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
- public class ShardingTest {
- @Autowired
- OrderPartitionByIdDao orderPartitionByIdDao;
- @Autowired
- OrderPartitionByUserIdDao orderPartitionByUserIdDao;
- @Test
- public void testCreateOrderRandom() {
- for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
- int userId = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1000,1000000);
- OrderEntity orderEntity = new OrderEntity();
- orderEntity.setOrderId(SeqIdUtil.nextId(userId % ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM));
- orderEntity.setStatus(1);
- orderEntity.setUserId(userId);
- orderEntity.setCreateTime(new Date());
- orderEntity.setUpdateTime(new Date());
- orderEntity.setBookingDate(new Date());
- int ret = orderPartitionByIdDao.insertOrder(orderEntity);
- Assert.assertEquals(1, ret);
- }
- }
- @Test
- public void testOrderAll() {
- //insert
- int userId = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1000,1000000);
- OrderEntity orderEntity = new OrderEntity();
- orderEntity.setOrderId(SeqIdUtil.nextId(userId % ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM));
- orderEntity.setStatus(1);
- orderEntity.setUserId(userId);
- orderEntity.setCreateTime(new Date());
- orderEntity.setUpdateTime(new Date());
- orderEntity.setBookingDate(new Date());
- int i = orderPartitionByIdDao.insertOrder(orderEntity);
- Assert.assertEquals(1, i);
- //get from master
- OrderEntity orderInfo = orderPartitionByIdDao.getOrderByIdFromMaster(orderEntity.getOrderId());
- Assert.assertNotNull(orderInfo);
- Assert.assertEquals(orderInfo.getOrderId(), orderEntity.getOrderId());
- //get from slave
- OrderEntity slaveOrderInfo = orderPartitionByIdDao.getOrderById(orderEntity.getOrderId());
- Assert.assertNotNull(slaveOrderInfo);
- //update
- OrderEntity updateEntity = new OrderEntity();
- updateEntity.setOrderId(orderInfo.getOrderId());
- updateEntity.setStatus(2);
- updateEntity.setUpdateTime(new Date());
- int affectRows = orderPartitionByIdDao.updateOrderByOrderId(updateEntity);
- Assert.assertTrue( affectRows > 0);
- }
- @Test
- public void testGetListByUserId() {
- int userId = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1000,1000000);
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- OrderEntity orderEntity = new OrderEntity();
- orderEntity.setOrderId(SeqIdUtil.nextId(userId % ShardingStrategyConstant.SHARDING_TABLE_NUM));
- orderEntity.setStatus(1);
- orderEntity.setUserId(userId);
- orderEntity.setCreateTime(new Date());
- orderEntity.setUpdateTime(new Date());
- orderEntity.setBookingDate(new Date());
- orderPartitionByIdDao.insertOrder(orderEntity);
- }
- try {
- //防止主從延遲引起的校驗錯誤
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- List<OrderEntity> orderListByUserId = orderPartitionByUserIdDao.getOrderListByUserId(userId);
- Assert.assertNotNull(orderListByUserId);
- Assert.assertTrue(orderListByUserId.size() == 5);
- }
- }
大功告成:
以上源碼已開源至: https://gitee.com/bytearch_admin/fast-cloud/tree/master/fast-cloud-mysql-sharding 歡迎點贊收藏。
五、總結
本篇主要介紹Java版使用Mango框架實現(xiàn)Mysql分庫分表實戰(zhàn),分庫分表中間件也可以使用類似于ShardingJDBC,或者自研。
以上分庫分表數(shù)量僅供演示參考,實際工作中分表數(shù)量、分庫數(shù)量、是根據(jù)公司實際業(yè)務數(shù)據(jù)增長速度, 高峰期QPS,物理機器配置等等因素計算。