HarmonyOS實(shí)戰(zhàn)—TextField文本輸入框組件基本使用
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1. TextField組件基本用法
組件說(shuō)明:
- 是Text的子類,用來(lái)進(jìn)行用戶輸入數(shù)據(jù)的。
常見(jiàn)屬性:
- <TextField
- ohos:id="$+id:text"
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入信息"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:text_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"/>
2. TextField案例——獲取文本輸入框中的內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行Toast提示
- 通過(guò)TextField獲取文本輸入框中的內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行Toast提示
- 新建項(xiàng)目:TextFieldApplication
ability_main
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <DirectionalLayout
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
- ohos:height="match_parent"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:background_element="#F2F2F2"
- ohos:orientation="vertical">
- <TextField
- ohos:id="$+id:text"
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入信息"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:text_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"/>
- <Button
- ohos:id="$+id:but"
- ohos:height="47vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:background_element="#21a8FD"
- ohos:layout_alignment="center"
- ohos:text="獲取信息"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:text_color="#FEFEFE"
- ohos:text_size="24vp"
- ohos:top_margin="77vp"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>
因?yàn)橐?onClick 方法中用到 TextField 和 Button 這兩個(gè)組件,所以要把這兩個(gè)組件移到成員位置,使其成為成員變量后,onClick 方法才能訪問(wèn)的到。
MainAbilitySlice
- package com.xdr630.textfieldapplication.slice;
- import com.xdr630.textfieldapplication.ResourceTable;
- import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
- import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
- import ohos.agp.components.Button;
- import ohos.agp.components.Component;
- import ohos.agp.components.TextField;
- import ohos.agp.utils.LayoutAlignment;
- import ohos.agp.window.dialog.ToastDialog;
- public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.ClickedListener {
- TextField tf;
- Button but;
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent) {
- super.onStart(intent);
- super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
- //1.找到文本組件框?qū)ο?nbsp;
- tf = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
- //找到按鈕組件對(duì)象
- but = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but);
- //2.給按鈕綁定點(diǎn)擊事件
- //當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊了按鈕之后,就要獲取文本輸入框的內(nèi)容
- but.setClickedListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onActive() {
- super.onActive();
- }
- @Override
- public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
- super.onForeground(intent);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(Component component) {
- //當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊了按鈕之后,獲取文本輸入框的內(nèi)容
- String message = tf.getText();
- //利用一個(gè)Toast將信息彈出
- ToastDialog td = new ToastDialog(this);
- //大小不用設(shè)置,默認(rèn)是包裹內(nèi)容的
- //自動(dòng)關(guān)閉不用設(shè)置,默認(rèn)到了時(shí)間之后就自動(dòng)關(guān)閉
- //默認(rèn)持續(xù)時(shí)間是 2秒
- //設(shè)置Toast的背景
- td.setTransparent(true);
- //位置(默認(rèn)居中)
- td.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.BOTTOM);
- //設(shè)置一個(gè)偏移
- td.setOffset(0,200);
- //設(shè)置Toast內(nèi)容
- td.setText(message);
- //讓Toast出現(xiàn)
- td.show();
- }
- }
運(yùn)行:
3. TextField組件高級(jí)用法
3.1 密碼的密文展示
當(dāng)輸入密碼的時(shí)候會(huì)變成密文展示。
ohos:text_input_type="pattern_password":表示輸入的密碼以密文的方式顯示。
基本使用:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <DirectionalLayout
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
- ohos:height="match_parent"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:orientation="vertical"
- ohos:background_element="#F2F2F2">
- <TextField
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入信息"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:hint_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"
- ohos:text_input_type="pattern_password"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>
3.2 基線的設(shè)置
有的時(shí)候文本輸入框并不是一個(gè)框,而是下面有一條橫線,這條線華為官方叫做基線。
把文本輸入框使用橫線表示,在上面加上一條基線,把輸入框的背景顏色去掉。
- <TextField
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入信息"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:hint_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:text_input_type="pattern_password"
- ohos:basement="#000000"
- />
如果以后看到一條基線,然后在輸入一些數(shù)字信息,這還是 TextField 文本輸入框組件,只不過(guò)是背景色沒(méi)有設(shè)置,讓它跟布局的顏色一致了,看不到背景而已。
3.3 氣泡的設(shè)置
當(dāng)用鼠標(biāo)長(zhǎng)按選中輸入的內(nèi)容后,就會(huì)選中內(nèi)容,前面的光標(biāo)和后面的光標(biāo),以及中間選中的內(nèi)容顏色會(huì)改變,華為官方給前、后的光標(biāo),以及沒(méi)有選中內(nèi)容狀態(tài)下出現(xiàn)的小氣球取名為氣泡。
- <TextField
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入信息"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:hint_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:basement="#000000"
- />
可以設(shè)置左邊、右邊,以及沒(méi)有選中情況下的氣泡。
氣泡的圖片、顏色都是可以自定義的。
以下用到的圖片可自?。?a >https://www.aliyundrive.com/s/wT22d1Vb1BV
把左、右,以及中間沒(méi)有選中的氣泡圖片復(fù)制到 media 文件夾下。
- <TextField
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入信息"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:hint_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:basement="#000000"
- ohos:element_selection_left_bubble="$media:left"
- ohos:element_selection_right_bubble="$media:right"
- ohos:element_cursor_bubble="$media:bubble"
- ohos:selection_color="#FF0000"
- />
- ohos:element_selection_left_bubble、ohos:element_selection_right_bubble分別設(shè)置左右氣泡顯示的圖片
- ohos:element_cursor_bubble:設(shè)置沒(méi)有選中時(shí)的氣泡圖片
- ohos:selection_color:設(shè)置選中時(shí)內(nèi)容的顏色
運(yùn)行:
4. TextField案例——長(zhǎng)按查看密碼明文
在一些APP中,登錄界面密碼輸入框那里有個(gè)小眼睛,按住小眼睛后就可以看到密碼的明文展示,松開(kāi)小眼睛又恢復(fù)到密文狀態(tài)了。
把“小眼睛”改成Button組件,實(shí)現(xiàn)的邏輯原理也是一樣的。
需求分析:
- 按住按鈕不松,將輸入框中的密碼變成明文
- 松開(kāi)按鈕之后,輸入框中的密碼變回密文
新建項(xiàng)目:TextFieldApplication3
ability_main
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <DirectionalLayout
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
- ohos:height="match_parent"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:orientation="vertical"
- ohos:background_element="#F2F2F2"
- >
- <TextField
- ohos:id="$+id:text"
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入密碼"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:hint_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"
- ohos:text_input_type="pattern_password"/>
- <Button
- ohos:id="$+id:but"
- ohos:height="47vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:text="查看密碼"
- ohos:text_size="24vp"
- ohos:text_color="#FEFEFE"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:background_element="#21a8FD"
- ohos:top_margin="77vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="center"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>
MainAbilitySlice
- package com.xdr630.textfieldapplication3.slice;
- import com.xdr630.textfieldapplication3.ResourceTable;
- import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
- import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
- import ohos.agp.components.Button;
- import ohos.agp.components.Component;
- import ohos.agp.components.InputAttribute;
- import ohos.agp.components.TextField;
- import ohos.multimodalinput.event.TouchEvent;
- public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements Component.TouchEventListener {
- TextField tf;
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent) {
- super.onStart(intent);
- super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
- //1.找到兩個(gè)組件對(duì)象
- tf = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
- Button but = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_but);
- //2.要給按鈕綁定一個(gè)觸摸事件
- //因?yàn)樵谟|摸事件中,才能獲取到按下不松或松開(kāi)
- //單擊事件——只能捕獲到點(diǎn)擊了一下
- but.setTouchEventListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onActive() {
- super.onActive();
- }
- @Override
- public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
- super.onForeground(intent);
- }
- @Override
- //參數(shù)一:現(xiàn)在觸摸的按鈕
- //參數(shù)二:動(dòng)作對(duì)象
- public boolean onTouchEvent(Component component, TouchEvent touchEvent) {
- int action = touchEvent.getAction();
- if (action == TouchEvent.PRIMARY_POINT_DOWN){//表示按下不松的時(shí)候
- //當(dāng)按下不送的時(shí)候,將文本框中密碼變成明文
- tf.setTextInputType(InputAttribute.PATTERN_NULL);
- }else if (action == TouchEvent.PRIMARY_POINT_UP){//表示松開(kāi)的時(shí)候
- //當(dāng)松開(kāi)的時(shí)候,將文本框中的密碼變回密文
- tf.setTextInputType(InputAttribute.PATTERN_PASSWORD);
- }
- //true:表示觸摸事件的后續(xù)動(dòng)作還會(huì)進(jìn)行觸發(fā)
- //false:表示觸摸事件只觸發(fā)第一個(gè)按下不松
- return true;
- }
- }
運(yùn)行:
5. TextField案例——搭建登錄界面
新建項(xiàng)目:TextFieldApplication4
細(xì)節(jié)說(shuō)明:
- Text文本(忘記密碼了?)組件默認(rèn)是左邊放置的,加上 ohos:layout_alignment="right"就是右邊放置了,同時(shí)也給個(gè)ohos:right_margin="20vp"和右邊的屏幕有些距離。如果ohos:layout_alignment="right"屬性不寫,直接寫ohos:right_margin="20vp,那么ohos:layout_alignment="right"屬性就會(huì)失效,因?yàn)榻M件默認(rèn)是放在左邊的。
ability_main
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <DirectionalLayout
- xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
- ohos:height="match_parent"
- ohos:width="match_parent"
- ohos:orientation="vertical"
- ohos:background_element="#F2F2F2">
- <TextField
- ohos:id="$+id:username"
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入用戶名"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:hint_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:top_margin="100vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"/>
- <TextField
- ohos:id="$+id:password"
- ohos:height="50vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:hint="請(qǐng)輸入密碼"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:hint_color="#999999"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:top_margin="10vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
- ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"
- ohos:text_input_type="pattern_password"/>
- <Text
- ohos:height="match_content"
- ohos:width="match_content"
- ohos:text="忘記密碼了?"
- ohos:text_size="17fp"
- ohos:text_color="#979797"
- ohos:top_margin="13vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="right"
- ohos:right_margin="20vp"/>
- <Button
- ohos:height="47vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:text="登錄"
- ohos:text_size="24fp"
- ohos:text_color="#FEFEFE"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:background_element="#21a8FD"
- ohos:top_margin="77vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"/>
- <Button
- ohos:height="47vp"
- ohos:width="319vp"
- ohos:text="注冊(cè)"
- ohos:text_size="24fp"
- ohos:text_color="#FEFEFE"
- ohos:text_alignment="center"
- ohos:background_element="#21a8FD"
- ohos:top_margin="13vp"
- ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"/>
- </DirectionalLayout>
運(yùn)行:
想了解更多內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn):
51CTO和華為官方合作共建的鴻蒙技術(shù)社區(qū)