鴻蒙輕內(nèi)核A核源碼分析系列之虛實(shí)映射(3)虛擬物理內(nèi)存映射
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3、虛實(shí)映射函數(shù)LOS_ArchMmuMap
從上文可知,用戶程序加載啟動(dòng)時(shí),會(huì)將代碼段、數(shù)據(jù)段映射進(jìn)虛擬內(nèi)存空間,此時(shí)并沒(méi)有物理頁(yè)做實(shí)際的映射;程序執(zhí)行時(shí),如下圖(圖片來(lái)自O(shè)penHarmony docs開(kāi)源站點(diǎn))粗箭頭所示,CPU訪問(wèn)虛擬地址,通過(guò)MMU查找是否有對(duì)應(yīng)的物理內(nèi)存,若該虛擬地址無(wú)對(duì)應(yīng)的物理地址則觸發(fā)缺頁(yè)異常,內(nèi)核申請(qǐng)物理內(nèi)存并將虛實(shí)映射關(guān)系及對(duì)應(yīng)的屬性配置信息寫(xiě)進(jìn)頁(yè)表,并把頁(yè)表?xiàng)l目緩存至TLB,接著CPU可直接通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系訪問(wèn)實(shí)際的物理內(nèi)存;若CPU訪問(wèn)已緩存至TLB的頁(yè)表?xiàng)l目,無(wú)需再訪問(wèn)保存在內(nèi)存中的頁(yè)表,可加快查找速度。本小節(jié)我們就詳細(xì)分析下虛實(shí)映射函數(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼。

3.1 函數(shù)LOS_ArchMmuMap
函數(shù)LOS_ArchMmuMap用于映射進(jìn)程空間虛擬地址區(qū)間與物理地址區(qū)間,其中輸入?yún)?shù)archMmu為MMU結(jié)構(gòu)體,vaddr和paddr分別是虛擬內(nèi)存和物理內(nèi)存的開(kāi)始地址;count為虛擬地址和物理地址映射的內(nèi)存頁(yè)數(shù)量;flags為映射標(biāo)簽。⑴處進(jìn)行函數(shù)參數(shù)校驗(yàn),不支持NON-SECURE的標(biāo)記,虛擬地址和物理地址需要內(nèi)存頁(yè)4KiB對(duì)齊,參數(shù)檢查函數(shù)代碼簡(jiǎn)單,自行查看即可。⑵處當(dāng)虛擬地址、物理地址基于1MiB對(duì)齊,并且數(shù)量count大于256時(shí),使用Section頁(yè)表項(xiàng)格式。⑶處生成L1 section類型頁(yè)表項(xiàng)并保存,下文詳細(xì)分析該函數(shù)OsMapSection()。如果不滿足⑵處條件,需要使用L2映射。首先執(zhí)行⑷處獲取虛擬地址vaddr對(duì)應(yīng)的L1頁(yè)表項(xiàng),接著執(zhí)行⑸處判斷是否映射,如果沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的映射,則執(zhí)行⑹處的函數(shù)OsMapL1PTE生成L1 page table類型頁(yè)表項(xiàng)并保存,然后執(zhí)行函數(shù)OsMapL2PageContinous生成L2 頁(yè)表項(xiàng)并保存。如果已經(jīng)映射為L(zhǎng)1 page table頁(yè)表項(xiàng)類型,則執(zhí)行函數(shù)OsMapL2PageContinous生成L2 頁(yè)表項(xiàng)并保存。如果不是支持的頁(yè)表項(xiàng)類型,則執(zhí)行LOS_Panic()觸發(fā)異常。⑺處統(tǒng)計(jì)生成映射的調(diào)試,最終會(huì)返回映射成功的數(shù)量。
可以看出,在給定虛實(shí)內(nèi)存地址和映射的內(nèi)存頁(yè)數(shù)后,使用L1頁(yè)表映射還是L2頁(yè)表映射的判斷條件是:虛實(shí)內(nèi)存地址是否1MiB內(nèi)存對(duì)齊,并且映射數(shù)量是否大于256。當(dāng)使用L1映射時(shí),映射為Section頁(yè)表項(xiàng)類型。當(dāng)使用L2映射時(shí),根據(jù)L1頁(yè)表項(xiàng)類型,分布處理無(wú)效頁(yè)表項(xiàng)和Page Table頁(yè)表項(xiàng)類型這2種情況。具體的映射方式見(jiàn)下文。
- status_t LOS_ArchMmuMap(LosArchMmu *archMmu, VADDR_T vaddr, PADDR_T paddr, size_t count, UINT32 flags)
- {
- PTE_T l1Entry;
- UINT32 saveCounts = 0;
- INT32 mapped = 0;
- INT32 checkRst;
- ⑴ checkRst = OsMapParamCheck(flags, vaddr, paddr);
- if (checkRst < 0) {
- return checkRst;
- }
- /* see what kind of mapping we can use */
- while (count > 0) {
- ⑵ if (MMU_DESCRIPTOR_IS_L1_SIZE_ALIGNED(vaddr) &&
- MMU_DESCRIPTOR_IS_L1_SIZE_ALIGNED(paddr) &&
- count >= MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_NUMBERS_PER_L1) {
- /* compute the arch flags for L1 sections cache, r ,w ,x, domain and type */
- ⑶ saveCounts = OsMapSection(archMmu, flags, &vaddr, &paddr, &count);
- } else {
- /* have to use a L2 mapping, we only allocate 4KB for L1, support 0 ~ 1GB */
- ⑷ l1Entry = OsGetPte1(archMmu->virtTtb, vaddr);
- ⑸ if (OsIsPte1Invalid(l1Entry)) {
- ⑹ OsMapL1PTE(archMmu, &l1Entry, vaddr, flags);
- saveCounts = OsMapL2PageContinous(l1Entry, flags, &vaddr, &paddr, &count);
- } else if (OsIsPte1PageTable(l1Entry)) {
- saveCounts = OsMapL2PageContinous(l1Entry, flags, &vaddr, &paddr, &count);
- } else {
- LOS_Panic("%s %d, unimplemented tt_entry %x/n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, l1Entry);
- }
- }
- ⑺ mapped += saveCounts;
- }
- return mapped;
- }
3.2 OsMapSectionL1 Section類型頁(yè)表項(xiàng)映射函數(shù)
函數(shù)OsMapSection生成L1 Section類型頁(yè)表項(xiàng)并保存。⑴處把內(nèi)存區(qū)間標(biāo)簽(這些標(biāo)簽定義在文件kernel\base\include\los_vm_map.h中,標(biāo)簽名稱一般為VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_XXXX)轉(zhuǎn)換為MMU標(biāo)簽(定義在arch\arm\arm\include\los_mmu_descriptor_v6.h中,標(biāo)簽名稱一般為MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_TYPE_XXXX)。 ⑵處的函數(shù)OsGetPte1Ptr(archMmu->virtTtb, *vaddr)用于獲取虛擬地址對(duì)應(yīng)的頁(yè)表項(xiàng)索引地址,等于頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址加上虛擬地址的高20位;OsTruncPte1(*paddr) | mmuFlags | MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_TYPE_SECTION)為物理內(nèi)存地址的高12位+MMU標(biāo)簽+頁(yè)表項(xiàng)Section類型值。該行語(yǔ)句的作用是把虛擬地址和物理地理進(jìn)行映射,映射關(guān)系維護(hù)在頁(yè)表項(xiàng)。這行代碼比較關(guān)鍵,我們繪制下圖形來(lái)表示,見(jiàn)下圖。⑶處把虛擬地址和物理地址增加1MiB的大小,映射數(shù)量減去256(1MiB有256個(gè)4KiB大小的內(nèi)存頁(yè))。
- STATIC UINT32 OsMapSection(const LosArchMmu *archMmu, UINT32 flags, VADDR_T *vaddr,
- PADDR_T *paddr, UINT32 *count)
- {
- UINT32 mmuFlags = 0;
- ⑴ mmuFlags |= OsCvtSecFlagsToAttrs(flags);
- ⑵ OsSavePte1(OsGetPte1Ptr(archMmu->virtTtb, *vaddr),
- OsTruncPte1(*paddr) | mmuFlags | MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_TYPE_SECTION);
- ⑶ *count -= MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_NUMBERS_PER_L1;
- *vaddr += MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_SIZE;
- *paddr += MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_SIZE;
- return MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_NUMBERS_PER_L1;
- }
3.3 函數(shù)OsGetL2Table生成L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址
函數(shù)OsGetL2Table用于生成L2頁(yè)表,函數(shù)參數(shù)中archMmu是MMU結(jié)構(gòu)體,l1Index是L1頁(yè)表項(xiàng)索引(頁(yè)號(hào)),ppa屬于輸出參數(shù),保存L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址。⑴處計(jì)算L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)偏移值(為啥這么計(jì)算? 看不懂 TODO),其中(MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SIZE / MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_L2_TABLES_PER_PAGE)的大小等于1024;l1Index & (MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_L2_TABLES_PER_PAGE - 1)為虛擬地址的第20-21位。⑵處通過(guò)循環(huán)遍歷查詢是否存在L2頁(yè)表(為啥查詢4次?TODO),⑶處獲取頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址,然后判斷是否頁(yè)表類型,如果是,則返回L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址。
如果沒(méi)有存在的頁(yè)表,則為L(zhǎng)2頁(yè)表申請(qǐng)內(nèi)存,如果支持虛擬地址LOSCFG_KERNEL_VM,執(zhí)行⑷使用LOS_PhysPageAlloc申請(qǐng)內(nèi)存頁(yè),把申請(qǐng)的內(nèi)存頁(yè)掛載頁(yè)表鏈表上,并根據(jù)內(nèi)存頁(yè)計(jì)算虛擬內(nèi)存地址kvaddr;如果不支持虛擬地址,執(zhí)行⑸使用LOS_MemAlloc申請(qǐng)內(nèi)存。⑹處轉(zhuǎn)換為物理地址,然后加上頁(yè)表偏移值l2Offset返回L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址。
- STATIC STATUS_T OsGetL2Table(LosArchMmu *archMmu, UINT32 l1Index, paddr_t *ppa)
- {
- UINT32 index;
- PTE_T ttEntry;
- VADDR_T *kvaddr = NULL;
- ⑴ UINT32 l2Offset = (MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SIZE / MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_L2_TABLES_PER_PAGE) *
- (l1Index & (MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_L2_TABLES_PER_PAGE - 1));
- /* lookup an existing l2 page table */
- ⑵ for (index = 0; index < MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_L2_TABLES_PER_PAGE; index++) {
- ⑶ ttEntry = archMmu->virtTtb[ROUNDDOWN(l1Index, MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_L2_TABLES_PER_PAGE) + index];
- if ((ttEntry & MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_TYPE_MASK) == MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_TYPE_PAGE_TABLE) {
- *ppa = (PADDR_T)ROUNDDOWN(MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_PAGE_TABLE_ADDR(ttEntry), MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SIZE) +
- l2Offset;
- return LOS_OK;
- }
- }
- #ifdef LOSCFG_KERNEL_VM
- /* not found: allocate one (paddr) */
- ⑷ LosVmPage *vmPage = LOS_PhysPageAlloc();
- if (vmPage == NULL) {
- VM_ERR("have no memory to save l2 page");
- return LOS_ERRNO_VM_NO_MEMORY;
- }
- LOS_ListAdd(&archMmu->ptList, &vmPage->node);
- kvaddr = OsVmPageToVaddr(vmPage);
- #else
- ⑸ kvaddr = LOS_MemAlloc(OS_SYS_MEM_ADDR, MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SIZE);
- if (kvaddr == NULL) {
- VM_ERR("have no memory to save l2 page");
- return LOS_ERRNO_VM_NO_MEMORY;
- }
- #endif
- (VOID)memset_s(kvaddr, MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SIZE, 0, MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SIZE);
- /* get physical address */
- ⑹ *ppa = LOS_PaddrQuery(kvaddr) + l2Offset;
- return LOS_OK;
- }
3.4 OsMapL1PTEL1 Page Table類型頁(yè)表項(xiàng)映射函數(shù)
和函數(shù)OsMapSection對(duì)應(yīng),函數(shù)OsMapL1PTE用于生成L1 Page Table類型頁(yè)表項(xiàng)并保存,其中函數(shù)參數(shù)pte1Ptr是L1頁(yè)表項(xiàng)地址。⑴處調(diào)用函數(shù)OsGetL2Table()獲取L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址TTB,⑵處把L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)基地址加上描述符類型作為L(zhǎng)1頁(yè)表項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)。⑶處開(kāi)始的3行代碼為頁(yè)表項(xiàng)設(shè)置標(biāo)簽,⑷處為虛擬內(nèi)存地址vaddr保存頁(yè)表項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)。
- STATIC VOID OsMapL1PTE(LosArchMmu *archMmu, PTE_T *pte1Ptr, vaddr_t vaddr, UINT32 flags)
- {
- paddr_t pte2Base = 0;
- ⑴ if (OsGetL2Table(archMmu, OsGetPte1Index(vaddr), &pte2Base) != LOS_OK) {
- LOS_Panic("%s %d, failed to allocate pagetable\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
- }
- ⑵ *pte1Ptr = pte2Base | MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_TYPE_PAGE_TABLE;
- ⑶ if (flags & VM_MAP_REGION_FLAG_NS) {
- *pte1Ptr |= MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_PAGETABLE_NON_SECURE;
- }
- *pte1Ptr &= MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_DOMAIN_MASK;
- *pte1Ptr |= MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L1_SMALL_DOMAIN_CLIENT; // use client AP
- ⑷ OsSavePte1(OsGetPte1Ptr(archMmu->virtTtb, vaddr), *pte1Ptr);
- }
3.5 OsMapL2PageContinuous映射L2頁(yè)表函數(shù)
函數(shù)OsMapL2PageContinuous用于映射L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng),其中函數(shù)參數(shù)pte1為L(zhǎng)1頁(yè)表項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù),flags為虛實(shí)映射標(biāo)簽,vaddr為虛擬內(nèi)存,paddr為物理內(nèi)存,count為需要映射的內(nèi)存頁(yè)數(shù)量。
⑴處根據(jù)L1頁(yè)表項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)獲取L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)虛擬內(nèi)存基地址。頁(yè)表項(xiàng)的高22位為L(zhǎng)2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)的物理內(nèi)存基地址,然后轉(zhuǎn)換為虛擬內(nèi)存基地址即可。⑵處把地址區(qū)間標(biāo)簽轉(zhuǎn)換為L(zhǎng)2頁(yè)表標(biāo)簽,⑶處連續(xù)設(shè)置L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù),saveCounts表示映射了多少個(gè)L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)。⑷處映射L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)后,更新虛擬、物理內(nèi)存地址,更新映射后的內(nèi)存頁(yè)數(shù)量count。由于一個(gè)L2頁(yè)表項(xiàng)占用4KiB大小,saveCounts個(gè)頁(yè)表項(xiàng),需要把saveCounts左移12位來(lái)增長(zhǎng)內(nèi)存地址。
- STATIC UINT32 OsMapL2PageContinuous(PTE_T pte1, UINT32 flags, VADDR_T *vaddr, PADDR_T *paddr, UINT32 *count)
- {
- PTE_T *pte2BasePtr = NULL;
- UINT32 archFlags;
- UINT32 saveCounts;
- ⑴ pte2BasePtr = OsGetPte2BasePtr(pte1);
- if (pte2BasePtr == NULL) {
- LOS_Panic("%s %d, pte1 %#x error\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, pte1);
- }
- /* compute the arch flags for L2 4K pages */
- ⑵ archFlags = OsCvtPte2FlagsToAttrs(flags);
- ⑶ saveCounts = OsSavePte2Continuous(pte2BasePtr, OsGetPte2Index(*vaddr), *paddr | archFlags, *count);
- ⑷ *paddr += (saveCounts << MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SHIFT);
- *vaddr += (saveCounts << MMU_DESCRIPTOR_L2_SMALL_SHIFT);
- *count -= saveCounts;
- return saveCounts;
- }
想了解更多內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn):
51CTO和華為官方合作共建的鴻蒙技術(shù)社區(qū)