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Python 日期和時(shí)間用法超強(qiáng)總結(jié)

開發(fā) 前端
Python 提供了time和datetime模塊,可以幫助我們輕松獲取和修改日期和時(shí)間,下面讓我們來逐一了解一下。

時(shí)間無疑是生活各個(gè)方面中最關(guān)鍵的因素之一,因此,記錄和跟蹤時(shí)間變得非常重要。在 Python 中,可以通過其內(nèi)置庫跟蹤日期和時(shí)間。今天我們來介紹關(guān)于 Python 中的日期和時(shí)間,一起來了解如何使用time和datetime模塊查找和修改日期和時(shí)間。

Python 中處理日期和時(shí)間的模塊

Python 提供了time和datetime模塊,可以幫助我們輕松獲取和修改日期和時(shí)間,下面讓我們來逐一了解一下。

time 模塊

該模塊包括使用時(shí)間執(zhí)行各種操作所需的所有與時(shí)間相關(guān)的功能,它還允許我們?cè)L問多種用途所需的時(shí)鐘類型。

內(nèi)置函數(shù):

請(qǐng)看下表,它描述了時(shí)間模塊的一些重要內(nèi)置功能。

function

Description

time()

返回自epoch以來經(jīng)過的秒數(shù)

ctime()

以經(jīng)過的秒數(shù)作為參數(shù),返回當(dāng)前日期和時(shí)間

sleep()

在給定的持續(xù)時(shí)間內(nèi)停止線程的執(zhí)行

time.struct_time Class

函數(shù)要么將此類作為參數(shù),要么將其作為輸出返回

localtime()

以自epoch以來經(jīng)過的秒數(shù)作為參數(shù),并以時(shí)間形式返回日期和時(shí)間。struct_time格式

gmtime()

與localtime()類似,返回時(shí)間。UTC格式的struct_time

mktime()

ocaltime()的倒數(shù)。獲取包含9個(gè)參數(shù)的元組,并返回自epoch pas輸出以來經(jīng)過的秒數(shù)

asctime()

獲取包含9個(gè)參數(shù)的元組,并返回表示相同參數(shù)的字符串

strftime()

獲取包含9個(gè)參數(shù)的元組,并根據(jù)使用的格式代碼返回表示相同參數(shù)的字符串

strptime()

分析字符串并及時(shí)返回。struct_time格式

代碼格式化:

在用示例解釋每個(gè)函數(shù)之前,先看一下所有合法的格式化代碼的方式:

Code

Description

Example

%a

Weekday (short version)

Mon

%A

Weekday (full version)

Monday

%b

Month (short version)

Aug

%B

Month (full version)

August

%c

Local date and time version

Tue Aug 23 1:31:40 2019

%d

Depicts the day of the month (01-31)

07

%f

Microseconds

000000-999999

%H

Hour (00-23)

15

%I

Hour (00-11)

3

%j

Day of the year

235

%m

Month Number (01-12)

07

%M

Minutes (00-59)

44

%p

AM / PM

AM

%S

Seconds (00-59)

23

%U

Week number of the year starting from Sunday (00-53)

12

%w

Weekday number of the week

Monday (1)

%W

Week number of the year starting from Monday (00-53)

34

%x

Local date

06/07/22

%X

Local time

12:30:45

%y

Year (short version)

22

%Y

Year (full version)

2022

%z

UTC offset

+0100

%Z

Timezone

CST

%%

% Character

%

struct_time 類具有以下屬性:

Attribute

Value

tm_year

0000, .., 2019, …, 9999

tm_mon

1-12

tm_mday

1-31

tm_hour

0-23

tm_min

0-59

tm_sec

0-61

tm_wday

0-6  (Monday is 0)

tm_yday

1-366

tm_isdst

0, 1, -1    (daylight savings time, -1 when unknown)

現(xiàn)在讓我們看幾個(gè) time 模塊的例子。

使用time模塊查找日期和時(shí)間

使用上表中描述的內(nèi)置函數(shù)和格式化代碼,可以在 Python 中輕松獲取日期和時(shí)間。

import time
#time
a=time.time() #total seconds since epoch
print("Seconds since epoch :",a,end='n----------n')
#ctime
print("Current date and time:")
print(time.ctime(a),end='n----------n')
#sleep
time.sleep(1) #execution will be delayed by one second
#localtime
print("Local time :")
print(time.localtime(a),end='n----------n')
#gmtime
print("Local time in UTC format :")
print(time.gmtime(a),end='n-----------n')
#mktime
b=(2019,8,6,10,40,34,1,218,0)
print("Current Time in seconds :")
print( time.mktime(b),end='n----------n')
#asctime
print("Current Time in local format :")
print( time.asctime(b),end='n----------n')
#strftime
c = time.localtime() # get struct_time
d = time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S", c)
print("String representing date and time:")
print(d,end='n----------n')
#strptime
print("time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format :n")
e = "06 AUGUST, 2019"
f = time.strptime(e, "%d %B, %Y")
print(f)

Output:

Seconds since epoch : 1565070251.7134922
———-
Current date and time:
Tue Aug 6 11:14:11 2019
———-
Local time :
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=11, tm_min=14, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0)
———-
Local time in UTC format :
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=5, tm_min=44, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0)
———–
Current Time in seconds :
1565068234.0
———-
Current Time in local format :
Tue Aug 6 10:40:34 2019
———-
String representing date and time:
08/06/2019, 11:14:12
———-
time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format :

time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=-1)

datetime 模塊

與time模塊類似,datetime模塊包含處理日期和時(shí)間所必需的所有方法。

內(nèi)置功能:

下表介紹了本模塊中的一些重要功能:

function

Description

datetime()

datetime 的構(gòu)造函數(shù)

datetime.today()

返回當(dāng)前本地日期和時(shí)間

datetime.now()

返回當(dāng)前本地日期和時(shí)間

date()

以年、月、日為參數(shù),創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的日期

time()

以小時(shí)、分鐘、秒、微秒和tzinfo作為參數(shù),并創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的日期

date.fromtimestamp()

轉(zhuǎn)換秒數(shù)以返回相應(yīng)的日期和時(shí)間

timedelta()

它是不同日期或時(shí)間之間的差異(持續(xù)時(shí)間)

使用 datetime 查找日期和時(shí)間

現(xiàn)在,讓我們嘗試實(shí)現(xiàn)這些函數(shù),以使用datetime模塊在 Python 中查找日期和時(shí)間。

import datetime
#datetime constructor
print("Datetime constructor:n")
print(datetime.datetime(2019,5,3,8,45,30,234),end='n----------n')

#today
print("The current date and time using today :n")
print(datetime.datetime.today(),end='n----------n')

#now
print("The current date and time using today :n")
print(datetime.datetime.now(),end='n----------n')

#date
print("Setting date :n")
print(datetime.date(2019,11,7),end='n----------n')

#time
print("Setting time :n")
print(datetime.time(6,30,23),end='n----------n')

#date.fromtimestamp
print("Converting seconds to date and time:n")
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(23456789),end='n----------n')

#timedelta
b1=datetime.timedelta(days=30, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8)
b2=datetime.timedelta(days=3, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8)
b3=b2-b1
print(type(b3))
print("The resultant duration = ",b3,end='n----------n')

#attributes
a=datetime.datetime.now() #1
print(a)
print("The year is :",a.year)

print("Hours :",a.hour)

Output:

Datetime constructor:

2019-05-03 08:45:30.000234
———-
The current date and time using today :

2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691
———-
The current date and time using today :

2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691
———-
Setting date :

2019-11-07
———-
Setting time :

06:30:23
———-
Converting seconds to date and time:
1970-09-29
———-
<class ‘datetime.timedelta>
The resultant duration = -27 days, 0:00:00
———-
2019-08-06 13:09:56.653694
The year is : 2019
Hours : 13
責(zé)任編輯:武曉燕 來源: 蘿卜大雜燴
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