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MongoDB副本集調(diào)整節(jié)點(diǎn)

作者：懂點(diǎn)IT的耿小廚
數(shù)據(jù)庫 MongoDB
在本文中，我們將探討如何在一個(gè)已經(jīng)包含三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的副本集集群中，添加一個(gè)仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)，并同時(shí)刪除原先的一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)。

MongoDB的副本集（Replica Set）是一個(gè)高可用性、可擴(kuò)展性和冗余性的數(shù)據(jù)庫解決方案。它能夠確保數(shù)據(jù)庫的高可用性，同時(shí)保障了數(shù)據(jù)的安全性。在本文中，我們將探討如何在一個(gè)已經(jīng)包含三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的副本集集群中，添加一個(gè)仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)，并同時(shí)刪除原先的一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)。

1、副本集的基本概念

MongoDB副本集由多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)+若干個(gè)仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)（可以沒有）組成，其中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)被選舉為主節(jié)點(diǎn)(Primary），其余節(jié)點(diǎn)為次要節(jié)點(diǎn)（Secondary）。在故障時(shí)，副本集會自動進(jìn)行主節(jié)點(diǎn)的切換，確保服務(wù)的高可用性。副本集中的仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)（Arbiter）不存儲數(shù)據(jù)，僅用于選舉過程，幫助副本集進(jìn)行決策。

例如，當(dāng)前配置一個(gè)3節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)集群，組件集群命令如下：

> use admin
> rs.initiate( {_id: "test1",members: [{ _id: 0, host: "192.168.122.36:27017" },{ _id: 1, host: "192.168.122.36:27018" },{ _id: 2, host: "192.168.122.36:27019" } ] })

圖片

查看狀態(tài)：

test1:PRIMARY> use admin
switched to db admin
test1:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
        "set" : "test1",
        "date" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:31:02.345Z"),
        "myState" : 1,
        "term" : NumberLong(1),
        "syncingTo" : "",
        "syncSourceHost" : "",
        "syncSourceId" : -1,
        "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
        "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
        "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
        "optimes" : {
                "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54.919Z"),
                "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54.919Z"),
                "appliedOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "durableOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54.919Z"),
                "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54.919Z")
        },
        "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1698028224, 3),
        "lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1698028224, 3),
        "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
                "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
                "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24.838Z"),
                "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
                "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                        "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                },
                "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698028214, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                },
                "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
                "priorityAtElection" : 1,
                "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
                "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
                "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24.912Z"),
                "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:25.497Z")
        },
        "members" : [
                {
                        "_id" : 0,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27017",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 1,
                        "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
                        "uptime" : 183,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54Z"),
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from",
                        "electionTime" : Timestamp(1698028224, 1),
                        "electionDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24Z"),
                        "configVersion" : 1,
                        "self" : true,
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
                },
                {
                        "_id" : 1,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27018",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 2,
                        "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                        "uptime" : 47,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDurable" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54Z"),
                        "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:31:00.889Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:31:01.443Z"),
                        "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                        "syncingTo" : "192.168.122.36:27017",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.122.36:27017",
                        "syncSourceId" : 0,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "configVersion" : 1
                },
                {
                        "_id" : 2,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27019",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 2,
                        "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                        "uptime" : 47,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDurable" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54Z"),
                        "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:54Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:31:00.890Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:31:01.446Z"),
                        "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                        "syncingTo" : "192.168.122.36:27017",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.122.36:27017",
                        "syncSourceId" : 0,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "configVersion" : 1
                }
        ],
        "ok" : 1,
        "$clusterTime" : {
                "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1),
                "signature" : {
                        "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                        "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                }
        },
        "operationTime" : Timestamp(1698028254, 1)
}

此時(shí)可以用一個(gè)程序驗(yàn)證集群的可用情況：

from pymongo import MongoClient
from pymongo.errors import ConnectionFailure


# MongoDB副本集的連接信息
replica_set = "test1"
mongo_host = ["192.168.122.36:27017", "192.168.122.36:27018", "192.168.122.36:27019"]  # 主機(jī)和端口號列表


# 嘗試連接MongoDB副本集
try:
    client = MongoClient(mongo_host, replicaSet=replica_set, serverSelectinotallow=5000)
    db = client["testdb"]
    print("Successfully connected to MongoDB replica set.")
    collection = db['test1']
    data = {"b":2}
    result = collection.insert_one(data)




except ConnectionFailure:
    print("Failed to connect to MongoDB replica set. Please check your connection settings.")

運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：

圖片

查看數(shù)據(jù)庫中運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

圖片


2、添加節(jié)點(diǎn)

要添加一個(gè)仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)，我們需要在現(xiàn)有副本集中的任一節(jié)點(diǎn)上執(zhí)行如下操作：

rs.add( { host: "IP:PORT", arbiterOnly:true } )

執(zhí)行這個(gè)命令后，MongoDB將會在副本集中添加一個(gè)仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)，增加了選主的穩(wěn)定性，同時(shí)不會增加數(shù)據(jù)存儲的壓力。具體實(shí)際案例如下

test1:PRIMARY> use  admin
switched to db admin
test1:PRIMARY> rs.add( { host: "192.168.122.36:27020", arbiterOnly:true } )
{
        "ok" : 1,
        "$clusterTime" : {
                "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                "signature" : {
                        "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                        "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                }
        },
        "operationTime" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1)
}
test1:PRIMARY> rs.status();
{
        "set" : "test1",
        "date" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:32.511Z"),
        "myState" : 1,
        "term" : NumberLong(1),
        "syncingTo" : "",
        "syncSourceHost" : "",
        "syncSourceId" : -1,
        "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
        "majorityVoteCount" : 3,
        "writeMajorityCount" : 3,
        "optimes" : {
                "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26.379Z"),
                "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26.379Z"),
                "appliedOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "durableOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26.379Z"),
                "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26.379Z")
        },
        "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1698030805, 1),
        "lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1698030805, 1),
        "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
                "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
                "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24.838Z"),
                "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
                "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                        "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                },
                "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698028214, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                },
                "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
                "priorityAtElection" : 1,
                "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
                "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
                "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24.912Z"),
                "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:25.497Z")
        },
        "members" : [
                {
                        "_id" : 0,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27017",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 1,
                        "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
                        "uptime" : 2733,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26Z"),
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "electionTime" : Timestamp(1698028224, 1),
                        "electionDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24Z"),
                        "configVersion" : 2,
                        "self" : true,
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
                },
                {
                        "_id" : 1,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27018",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 2,
                        "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                        "uptime" : 2597,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDurable" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26Z"),
                        "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:32.393Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:32.420Z"),
                        "pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "configVersion" : 2
                },
                {
                        "_id" : 2,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27019",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 2,
                        "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                        "uptime" : 2597,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDurable" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26Z"),
                        "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:26Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:32.393Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:32.445Z"),
                        "pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "configVersion" : 2
                },
                {
                        "_id" : 3,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27020",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 7,
                        "stateStr" : "ARBITER",
                        "uptime" : 6,
                        "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:32.405Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2023-10-23T03:13:32.455Z"),
                        "pingMs" : NumberLong(4),
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "configVersion" : 2
                }
        ],
        "ok" : 1,
        "$clusterTime" : {
                "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1),
                "signature" : {
                        "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                        "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                }
        },
        "operationTime" : Timestamp(1698030806, 1)
}

此時(shí)修改python中程序（插入的數(shù)據(jù)），運(yùn)行結(jié)果如下：

圖片


3、刪除數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)


如果你需要刪除一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，首先，你要確保副本集的健康狀態(tài)，然后執(zhí)行如下操作來刪除一個(gè)Secondary節(jié)點(diǎn)。

rs.remove("IP:PORT");

執(zhí)行這個(gè)命令后，MongoDB將從副本集中移除該數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，副本集會重新進(jìn)行選舉，確保副本集的高可用性。

test1:PRIMARY> rs.remove("192.168.122.36:27019")
{
        "ok" : 1,
        "$clusterTime" : {
                "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                "signature" : {
                        "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                        "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                }
        },
        "operationTime" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1)
}
test1:PRIMARY> rs.status
function() {
    return db._adminCommand("replSetGetStatus");  # 選舉中
}
test1:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
        "set" : "test1",
        "date" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:15.398Z"),
        "myState" : 1,
        "term" : NumberLong(1),
        "syncingTo" : "",
        "syncSourceHost" : "",
        "syncSourceId" : -1,
        "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
        "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
        "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
        "optimes" : {
                "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:08.335Z"),
                "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:08.335Z"),
                "appliedOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "durableOpTime" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(1)
                },
                "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:08.335Z"),
                "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:08.335Z")
        },
        "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1698038845, 1),
        "lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1698038845, 1),
        "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
                "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
                "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24.838Z"),
                "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
                "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                        "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                },
                "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
                        "ts" : Timestamp(1698028214, 1),
                        "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                },
                "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
                "priorityAtElection" : 1,
                "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
                "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
                "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24.912Z"),
                "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:25.497Z")
        },
        "members" : [
                {
                        "_id" : 0,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27017",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 1,
                        "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
                        "uptime" : 10816,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:08Z"),
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "electionTime" : Timestamp(1698028224, 1),
                        "electionDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T02:30:24Z"),
                        "configVersion" : 3,
                        "self" : true,
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
                },
                {
                        "_id" : 1,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27018",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 2,
                        "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                        "uptime" : 10680,
                        "optime" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDurable" : {
                                "ts" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                                "t" : NumberLong(1)
                        },
                        "optimeDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:08Z"),
                        "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:08Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:14.347Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:15.388Z"),
                        "pingMs" : NumberLong(1),
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "configVersion" : 3
                },
                {
                        "_id" : 3,
                        "name" : "192.168.122.36:27020",
                        "health" : 1,
                        "state" : 7,
                        "stateStr" : "ARBITER",
                        "uptime" : 8088,
                        "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:14.342Z"),
                        "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2023-10-23T05:28:14.369Z"),
                        "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                        "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                        "syncingTo" : "",
                        "syncSourceHost" : "",
                        "syncSourceId" : -1,
                        "infoMessage" : "",
                        "configVersion" : 3
                }
        ],
        "ok" : 1,
        "$clusterTime" : {
                "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1),
                "signature" : {
                        "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                        "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                }
        },
        "operationTime" : Timestamp(1698038888, 1)
}

注意：復(fù)制集將會短暫的關(guān)閉連接并進(jìn)入選舉，選舉出一個(gè)新的主節(jié)點(diǎn)。接口將會自動重連。接口可能將會報(bào)錯(cuò) DBClientCursor::init call() failed 。

責(zé)任編輯：姜華 來源： 數(shù)據(jù)庫干貨鋪
數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)MongoDB
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