Visual Studio使用Git忽略不想上傳到遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)的文件
作者：大姚
廢話不多說(shuō)，直接進(jìn)入正題。我們?nèi)粘Ｔ谑褂肰isual Studio開(kāi)發(fā)相關(guān)的.NET項(xiàng)目時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)剛拉取下拉的代碼什么都沒(méi)有改動(dòng)，就是運(yùn)行了一下就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些需要提交的文件，比如說(shuō)最常見(jiàn)的bin/Debug, bin/Release，obj/Debug，obj/Release文件。
前言
作為一個(gè).NET開(kāi)發(fā)者而言，有著宇宙最強(qiáng)IDE：Visual Studio加持，讓我們的開(kāi)發(fā)效率得到了更好的提升。我們不需要擔(dān)心環(huán)境變量的配置和其他代碼管理工具，因?yàn)閂isual Studio有著眾多的拓展工具。廢話不多說(shuō)，直接進(jìn)入正題。我們?nèi)粘Ｔ谑褂肰isual Studio開(kāi)發(fā)相關(guān)的.NET項(xiàng)目時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)剛拉取下拉的代碼什么都沒(méi)有改動(dòng)，就是運(yùn)行了一下就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些需要提交的文件，比如說(shuō)最常見(jiàn)的bin/Debug, bin/Release，obj/Debug，obj/Release文件。但是我不想把這些文件提交到遠(yuǎn)程的git代碼遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)中去，其實(shí)這個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單只需要我們?cè)诔醮蝿?chuàng)建項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候在項(xiàng)目目錄下新增一個(gè)忽略文本文件（.gitignore），然后在使用git推送到遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)中就好了。
需要忽略提交的文件
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配置.gitignore忽略文件，忽略不需要提交的文件
添加Visual Studio的.gitgnore模板到項(xiàng)目中
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C#/.NET/.NET Core相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的忽略文件模板(VisualStudio.gitignore)
只要是使用VisualStudio開(kāi)發(fā)的項(xiàng)目都可以使用該模板。
- VisualStudio.gitignore模板GitHub開(kāi)源地址（該項(xiàng)目中有眾多的編程語(yǔ)言或IDE相關(guān).gitgnore配置，可以下載下來(lái)直接使用）：https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
##
## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/VisualStudio.gitignore
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*.sln.iml.gitignore忽略規(guī)則
基本語(yǔ)法：
- 以”#”號(hào)開(kāi)頭表示注釋；
- 以斜杠“/”開(kāi)頭表示目錄；
- 以星號(hào)“*”通配多個(gè)字符；
- 以問(wèn)號(hào)“?”通配單個(gè)字符；
- 以方括號(hào)“[]”包含單個(gè)字符的匹配列表；
- 以嘆號(hào)“!”表示不忽略(跟蹤)匹配到的文件或目錄；
- 此外，git 對(duì)于 .ignore 配置文件是按行從上到下進(jìn)行規(guī)則匹配的，意味著如果前面的規(guī)則匹配的范圍更大，則后面的規(guī)則將不會(huì)生效；
代碼示例
# 此為注釋 – 將被 Git 忽略
*.a # 忽略所有 .a 結(jié)尾的文件
!lib.a # 但 lib.a 除外
/TODO # 僅僅忽略項(xiàng)目根目錄下的 TODO 文件，不包括 subdir/TODO
build/ # 忽略 build/ 目錄下的所有文件
doc/*.txt # 會(huì)忽略 doc/notes.txt 但不包括 doc/server/arch.txt處理已提交到遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)中的文件
可能在開(kāi)發(fā)的時(shí)候忘記添加忽略文件配置（gitignore），把這些文件推送到遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)中，我們有以下兩種做法解決：
- 1、把本地這些文件刪除再提交到遠(yuǎn)端（前提是這些文件是環(huán)境變量文件，假如是無(wú)法自動(dòng)生成的不推薦）。
- 2、使用以下git 命令：
//當(dāng)我們需要?jiǎng)h除暫存區(qū)或分支上的文件, 但本地又需要使用, 只是不希望這個(gè)文件被版本控制, 可以使用
git rm -r --cached file_path（文件路徑） //把file_path文件在當(dāng)前分支的暫存區(qū)中刪除
git add . //提交當(dāng)前操作本地暫存區(qū)
git commit -m 'delete remote somefile' //提交到本地git倉(cāng)庫(kù)
git push //提交到遠(yuǎn)程代碼庫(kù)如我需要移除某個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的obj文件然后提交：
該文件路徑為：D:\開(kāi)發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)-Master\我的訓(xùn)練營(yíng)\DailyLearning\工作&學(xué)習(xí).Net訓(xùn)練營(yíng)\Application\obj
輸入以下命令移除相關(guān)不需要跟蹤的文件：
git rm -r --cached Application/obj執(zhí)行成功后，文件將從該分支中刪除（本地還會(huì)存在），最后我們提交到遠(yuǎn)程倉(cāng)庫(kù)即可。
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責(zé)任編輯：武曉燕
來(lái)源：
追逐時(shí)光者
