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徹底搞懂Vue響應(yīng)式數(shù)據(jù)、依賴收集更新、Watch/Computed原理

開發(fā) 前端
在合并配置mergeOptions()中,會(huì)調(diào)用normalizeProps()對props的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理,最終確保initPros調(diào)用時(shí)props已經(jīng)是一個(gè)對象,因此不需要Observer判斷是否是數(shù)組,直接對key進(jìn)行defineReactive即可。

響應(yīng)式原理初始化

響應(yīng)式數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置代理

  • 訪問props的item對應(yīng)的key時(shí),使用this.[key]會(huì)自動(dòng)代理到vm._props.[key]
  • 訪問data的item對應(yīng)的key1時(shí),使用this.[key1]會(huì)自動(dòng)代理到vm._data.[key1]
function initProps(vm: Component, propsOptions: Object) {
    for (const key in propsOptions) {
        if (!(key in vm)) {
            proxy(vm, `_props`, key)
        }
    }
}
function initData(vm: Component) {
    let data = vm.$options.data
    data = vm._data = typeof data === 'function'
        ? getData(data, vm)
        : data || {};
    const keys = Object.keys(data)
    const props = vm.$options.props
    const methods = vm.$options.methods
    let i = keys.length
    while (i--) {
        const key = keys[i]
        // 監(jiān)測props是否已經(jīng)有這個(gè)key了,有的話彈出警告
        proxy(vm, `_data`, key)
    }
}
export function proxy(target: Object, sourceKey: string, key: string) {
    sharedPropertyDefinition.get = function proxyGetter() {
        return this[sourceKey][key]
    }
    sharedPropertyDefinition.set = function proxySetter(val) {
        this[sourceKey][key] = val
    }
    Object.defineProperty(target, key, sharedPropertyDefinition)
}

Vue.props響應(yīng)式數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置

在合并配置mergeOptions()中,會(huì)調(diào)用normalizeProps()對props的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理,最終確保initPros調(diào)用時(shí)props已經(jīng)是一個(gè)對象,因此不需要Observer判斷是否是數(shù)組,直接對key進(jìn)行defineReactive即可

function initProps(vm: Component, propsOptions: Object) {
    const propsData = vm.$options.propsData || {}
    const props = vm._props = {}
    const keys = vm.$options._propKeys = []

    for (const key in propsOptions) {
        keys.push(key)
        const value = validateProp(key, propsOptions, propsData, vm)
        defineReactive(props, key, value)
    }
}

Vue.data響應(yīng)式數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置

  • 為data建立一個(gè)Observer,主要功能是根據(jù)value類型判斷,是數(shù)組則遞歸調(diào)用observe,為每一個(gè)item都創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Observer對象,如果是對象,則遍歷key,為每一個(gè)key都創(chuàng)建響應(yīng)式監(jiān)聽
function initData(vm: Component) {
    let data = vm.$options.data
    data = vm._data = typeof data === 'function'
        ? getData(data, vm)
        : data || {}
    // observe data
    observe(data, true /* asRootData */)
}

export function observe(value: any, asRootData: ?boolean): Observer | void {
    if (!isObject(value) || value instanceof VNode) {
        return
    }
    // ... 判斷數(shù)據(jù)value是否已經(jīng)設(shè)置響應(yīng)式過
    let ob = new Observer(value)
    return ob
}
export class Observer {
    value: any;
    dep: Dep;
    vmCount: number; // number of vms that have this object as root $data

    constructor(value: any) {
        this.value = value
        this.dep = new Dep()
        if (Array.isArray(value)) {
            this.observeArray(value)
        } else {
            this.walk(value)
        }
    }

    walk(obj: Object) {
        const keys = Object.keys(obj)
        for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
            defineReactive(obj, keys[i])
        }
    }

    observeArray(items: Array<any>) {
        for (let i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) {
            observe(items[i])
        }
    }
}

Object.defineProperty響應(yīng)式基礎(chǔ)方法

  • get:返回對應(yīng)key的數(shù)據(jù) + 依賴收集
  • set:設(shè)置對應(yīng)key的數(shù)據(jù)+派發(fā)更新
export function defineReactive(obj: Object, key: string, val: any, ...args) {
    const dep = new Dep()
    let childOb = !shallow && observe(val) // 如果val也是object

    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true,
        get: function reactiveGetter() {
            const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
            if (Dep.target) {
                dep.depend()
                if (childOb) {
                    // key對應(yīng)的val是Object,當(dāng)val里面的key發(fā)生改變時(shí)
                    // 即obj[key][key1]=xxx
                    // 也會(huì)通知目前obj[key]收集的Watcher的更新
                    childOb.dep.depend()
                    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
                        dependArray(value)
                    }
                }
            }
            return value
        },
        set: function reactiveSetter(newVal) {
            const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
            if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) {
                return
            }
            if (setter) {
                setter.call(obj, newVal)
            } else {
                val = newVal
            }
            childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)
            dep.notify()
        }
    })
}

Dep響應(yīng)式依賴管理類

  • 每一個(gè)key都有一個(gè)Dep管理類
  • Dep具備addSub,即關(guān)聯(lián)Watcher(渲染W(wǎng)atcher或者其它)的能力
  • Dep具備depend(),被Watcher顯式關(guān)聯(lián),可以被Watcher觸發(fā)dep.notify()通知它關(guān)聯(lián)Watcher更新的能力
Dep.target = null
const targetStack = []
export default class Dep {
  static target: ?Watcher;
  id: number;
  subs: Array<Watcher>;

  constructor () {
    this.id = uid++
    this.subs = []
  }

  addSub (sub: Watcher) {
    this.subs.push(sub)
  }

  removeSub (sub: Watcher) {
    remove(this.subs, sub)
  }

  depend () {
    if (Dep.target) {
      Dep.target.addDep(this)
    }
  }

  notify () {
    const subs = this.subs.slice()
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !config.async) {
      subs.sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id)
    }
    for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {
      subs[i].update()
    }
  }
}

Watcher響應(yīng)式依賴收集和派發(fā)更新執(zhí)行類

  • get()方法進(jìn)行pushTarget(this),觸發(fā)對應(yīng)的getter回調(diào),開始收集,然后popTarget(this),停止收集,最后觸發(fā)cleanupDeps()進(jìn)行依賴的更新
  • update()將更新內(nèi)容壓入隊(duì)列中,然后根據(jù)順序調(diào)用Watcher.run(),也就是回調(diào)constructor()傳進(jìn)來的this.cb方法
export default class Watcher {
    constructor(...args) {
        this.vm = vm
        if (isRenderWatcher) {
            vm._watcher = this
        }
        vm._watchers.push(this)
        this.cb = cb; // 觸發(fā)更新時(shí)調(diào)用的方法
        this.deps = []
        this.newDeps = []
        this.depIds = new Set()
        this.newDepIds = new Set()
        this.value = this.lazy
            ? undefined
            : this.get()
    }

    get() {
        pushTarget(this)
        let value
        const vm = this.vm
        value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
        if (this.deep) {
            traverse(value)
        }
        popTarget()
        this.cleanupDeps()
        return value
    }

    addDep(dep: Dep) {
        const id = dep.id
        if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
            this.newDepIds.add(id)
            this.newDeps.push(dep)
            if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
                dep.addSub(this)
            }
        }
    }

    cleanupDeps() {
        let i = this.deps.length
        while (i--) {
            const dep = this.deps[i]
            if (!this.newDepIds.has(dep.id)) {
                dep.removeSub(this)
            }
        }
        let tmp = this.depIds
        this.depIds = this.newDepIds
        this.newDepIds = tmp
        this.newDepIds.clear()
        tmp = this.deps
        this.deps = this.newDeps
        this.newDeps = tmp
        this.newDeps.length = 0
    }


    update() {
        if (this.lazy) {
            this.dirty = true
        } else if (this.sync) {
            this.run()
        } else {
            queueWatcher(this)
        }
    }

   
    run() {
        if (this.active) {
            const value = this.get()
            if (value !== this.value || isObject(value) || this.deep) {
                const oldValue = this.value
                this.value = value
                if (this.user) {
                    const info = `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`
                    invokeWithErrorHandling(this.cb, this.vm, [value, oldValue], this.vm, info)
                } else {
                    this.cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    depend() {
        let i = this.deps.length
        while (i--) {
            this.deps[i].depend()
        }
    }
}

Object數(shù)據(jù)類型響應(yīng)式

最外一層key的響應(yīng)式設(shè)置

使用observe()對每一個(gè)Object的key都進(jìn)行Object.defineProperty()劫持

function observe(value, asRootData) {
    ob = new Observer(value);
    return ob
}

var Observer = function Observer(value) {
    this.value = value;
    this.dep = new Dep();
    this.vmCount = 0;
    def(value, '__ob__', this);
    this.walk(value);
};
walk (obj: Object) {
  const keys = Object.keys(obj)
  for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    defineReactive(obj, keys[i])
  }
}
export function defineReactive(obj: Object, key: string, val: any, customSetter?: ?Function, shallow?: boolean) {
    if ((!getter || setter) && arguments.length === 2) {
        val = obj[key]
    }
    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true,
        get: function reactiveGetter() {
            const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
            if (Dep.target) {
                dep.depend()
            }
            return value
        },
        set: function reactiveSetter(newVal) {
            if (setter) {
                setter.call(obj, newVal)
            } else {
                val = newVal
            }
            dep.notify()
        }
    })
}

深度key的響應(yīng)式設(shè)置

export function defineReactive(obj: Object, key: string, val: any, customSetter?: ?Function, shallow?: boolean) {
    const dep = new Dep()
    let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)
    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true,
        get: function reactiveGetter() {
            const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
            if (Dep.target) {
                dep.depend()
                if (childOb) {
                    childOb.dep.depend()
                    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
                        dependArray(value)
                    }
                }
            }
            return value
        },
        set: function reactiveSetter(newVal) {
            if (setter) {
                setter.call(obj, newVal)
            } else {
                val = newVal
            }
            childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal)
            dep.notify()
        }
    })
}
  • 由上面對observe()方法的分析,它會(huì)遍歷Object的每一個(gè)key,進(jìn)行Object.defineProperty聲明
  • 對于Object每一個(gè)key對應(yīng)的value,如果childOb = !shallow && observe(val)不為空,那么它會(huì)遍歷value對應(yīng)的每一個(gè)key,如果value[key]也是一個(gè)Object,那么會(huì)再次走到childOb = !shallow && observe(val),直到所有Object都為響應(yīng)式數(shù)據(jù)為止
  • 對于obj[key]來說,會(huì)調(diào)用dep.depend(),如果obj[key]本身也是一個(gè)對象,即childOb不為空,那么它就會(huì)調(diào)用childOb.dep.depend(),因此當(dāng)obj[key][key1]=xx時(shí),也會(huì)觸發(fā)dep.depend()收集的Watcher發(fā)生更新,例如
data: {
  parent: {
    children: {test: "111"}
  }
}


<div>{{parent.children}}</div>

由上面的分析可以知道,當(dāng)this.parent.children.test發(fā)生變化時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)this.parent.children收集的渲染W(wǎng)atcher發(fā)生變化,從而觸發(fā)界面重新渲染

額外添加key

由于Object.defineProperty()的限制,無法實(shí)現(xiàn)對Object新增key的響應(yīng)式監(jiān)聽,因此當(dāng)我們想要為Object設(shè)置新的key的時(shí)候,需要調(diào)用Vue.set方法

export function set(target: Array<any> | Object, key: any, val: any): any {
    if (key in target && !(key in Object.prototype)) {
        target[key] = val;
        return val;
    }
    const ob = (target: any).__ob__;
    if (!ob) {
        target[key] = val;
        return val;
    }
    defineReactive(ob.value, key, val);
    ob.dep.notify();
    return val;
}

Vue.set()的流程可以總結(jié)為:

  • 為Object增加對應(yīng)的key和value數(shù)據(jù)
  • 將新增的key加入響應(yīng)式監(jiān)聽中,如果key對應(yīng)的value也是Object,按照上面深度key的監(jiān)聽設(shè)置分析,會(huì)遞歸調(diào)用observe進(jìn)行深度key的響應(yīng)式設(shè)置
  • 手動(dòng)觸發(fā)Object收集的Watcher的刷新操作

本質(zhì)上,上面的三步流程除了第二步有略微差別之外,其它部分跟defineReactive中的set()方法流程一致

刪除key

刪除key也無法觸發(fā)響應(yīng)式的變化,需要手動(dòng)調(diào)用Vue.del()方法:

  • 刪除Object指定的key
  • 手動(dòng)觸發(fā)Object收集的Watcher的刷新操作
function del(target: Array<any> | Object, key: any) {
    if (Array.isArray(target) && isValidArrayIndex(key)) {
        target.splice(key, 1)
        return
    }
    const ob = (target: any).__ob__
    if (!hasOwn(target, key)) {
        return
    }
    delete target[key]
    if (!ob) {
        return
    }
    ob.dep.notify()
}

Array數(shù)據(jù)類型響應(yīng)式

前置說明

根據(jù)官方文檔[1]說明,Vue 不能檢測以下數(shù)組的變動(dòng)

  • 當(dāng)你利用索引直接設(shè)置一個(gè)數(shù)組項(xiàng)時(shí),例如:vm.items[indexOfItem] = newValue
  • 當(dāng)你修改數(shù)組的長度時(shí),例如:vm.items.length = newLength

舉個(gè)例子:

var vm = new Vue({
  data: {
    items: ['a', 'b', 'c']
  }
})
vm.items[1] = 'x' // 不是響應(yīng)性的
vm.items.length = 2 // 不是響應(yīng)性的

為了解決第一類問題,以下兩種方式都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)和 vm.items[indexOfItem] = newValue 相同的效果,同時(shí)也將在響應(yīng)式系統(tǒng)內(nèi)觸發(fā)狀態(tài)更新

// Vue.set
Vue.set(vm.items, indexOfItem, newValue)

// Array.prototype.splice
vm.items.splice(indexOfItem, 1, newValue)

為了解決第二類問題,你可以使用 splice:

vm.items.splice(newLength)

對Array[index]數(shù)據(jù)的響應(yīng)式監(jiān)聽

如果item=Array[index]是Object數(shù)據(jù),使用observe()對Array的每一個(gè)item都進(jìn)行響應(yīng)式的聲明

function observe(value, asRootData) {
    ob = new Observer(value);
    return ob
}

var Observer = function Observer(value) {
    this.value = value;
    this.dep = new Dep();
    this.vmCount = 0;
    def(value, '__ob__', this);
    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
        if (hasProto) {
            protoAugment(value, arrayMethods)
        } else {
            copyAugment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys)
        }
        this.observeArray(value)
    }
};

observeArray(items: Array < any >) {
    for (let i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) {
        observe(items[i])
    }
}

Vue.set更新Array-item

從下面代碼可以看出,Vue.set()更新數(shù)組的item本質(zhì)上也是調(diào)用Array.splice()方法

export function set(target: Array<any> | Object, key: any, val: any): any {
    if (Array.isArray(target) && isValidArrayIndex(key)) {
        target.length = Math.max(target.length, key)
        target.splice(key, 1, val)
        return val
    }
}

Array.splice更新Array-item

從上面的分析可以知道,一開始會(huì)觸發(fā)new Observer(value)的初始化從下面代碼可以知道,大部分瀏覽器會(huì)觸發(fā)protoAugment()方法,也就是改變Array.__proto__

var Observer = function Observer(value) {
    this.value = value;
    this.dep = new Dep();
    this.vmCount = 0;
    def(value, '__ob__', this);
    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
        if (hasProto) {
            protoAugment(value, arrayMethods)
        } else {
            copyAugment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys)
        }
        this.observeArray(value)
    }
};

function protoAugment (target, src: Object) {
  target.__proto__ = src
}
// node_modules/vue/src/core/observer/array.js
const arrayProto = Array.prototype
export const arrayMethods = Object.create(arrayProto)

而改變了Array.__proto__多少方法呢?

const methodsToPatch = [
  'push',
  'pop',
  'shift',
  'unshift',
  'splice',
  'sort',
  'reverse'
]
methodsToPatch.forEach(function (method) {
    const original = arrayProto[method]
    def(arrayMethods, method, function mutator(...args) {
        const result = original.apply(this, args)
        const ob = this.__ob__
        let inserted
        switch (method) {
            case 'push':
            case 'unshift':
                inserted = args
                break
            case 'splice':
                inserted = args.slice(2)
                break
        }
        if (inserted) ob.observeArray(inserted)
        // notify change
        ob.dep.notify()
        return result
    })
})
// node_modules/vue/src/core/util/lang.js
export function def(obj: Object, key: string, val: any, enumerable?: boolean) {
    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
        value: val,
        enumerable: !!enumerable,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true
    })
}

從上面代碼分析可以知道,Vue劫持了Array的'push','pop','shift', 'unshift', 'splice', 'sort','reverse'方法,一旦運(yùn)行了這些方法,會(huì)主動(dòng)觸發(fā):

  • 調(diào)用Array原來的方法進(jìn)行調(diào)用,然后返回Array原來的方法的返回值,如Array.push調(diào)用后的返回值
  • 進(jìn)行observeArray的響應(yīng)式設(shè)置,更新新設(shè)置的item(可能為Object,需要設(shè)置響應(yīng)式)
  • 手動(dòng)觸發(fā)ob.dep.notify(),觸發(fā)對應(yīng)的Watcher更新,達(dá)到響應(yīng)式自動(dòng)更新的目的

渲染W(wǎng)atcher依賴收集流程分析

僅僅分析最簡單的渲染W(wǎng)atcher依賴收集的流程,實(shí)際上并不是只有渲染W(wǎng)atcher一種

圖片圖片

渲染W(wǎng)atcher派發(fā)更新流程分析

圖片圖片

computed依賴收集和派發(fā)更新分析

測試代碼

<div>{{myName}}</div>

// { [key: string]: Function | { get: Function, set: Function } }
computed: {
  myName: function() {
    // 沒有set()方法,只有g(shù)et()方法
    return this.firstName + this.lastName;
  }
}

依賴收集流程圖分析

圖片圖片

依賴收集代碼分析

computedWatcher初始化

Vue.prototype._init初始化時(shí),會(huì)調(diào)用initState()->initComputed(),從而進(jìn)行computed數(shù)據(jù)的初始化

// node_modules/vue/src/core/instance/state.js
function initComputed(vm: Component, computed: Object) {
    const watchers = vm._computedWatchers = Object.create(null)

    for (const key in computed) {
        const userDef = computed[key];
        const getter = typeof userDef === 'function' ? userDef : userDef.get;
        watchers[key] = new Watcher(
            vm,
            getter || noop,
            noop,
            computedWatcherOptions //{ lazy: true }
        )
        defineComputed(vm, key, userDef);
    }
}

從上面代碼可以知道,最終為每一個(gè)computed監(jiān)聽的數(shù)據(jù)建立一個(gè)Watcher,一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)對應(yīng)一個(gè)computed Watcher,傳入{ lazy: true },然后調(diào)用defineComputed()方法

export function defineComputed(target: any, key: string, userDef: Object | Function) {
    // 為了減少分支判斷,方便理解,統(tǒng)一假設(shè)userDef傳入Function
    sharedPropertyDefinition.get = createComputedGetter(key);
    sharedPropertyDefinition.set = noop;
    Object.defineProperty(target, key, sharedPropertyDefinition)
}

function createComputedGetter(key) {
    return function computedGetter() {
        const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]
        if (watcher) {
            if (watcher.dirty) {
                watcher.evaluate()
            }
            if (Dep.target) {
                watcher.depend()
            }
            return watcher.value
        }
    }
}

從上面代碼可以知道,最終defineComputed是進(jìn)行了Object.defineProperty的數(shù)據(jù)劫持,一般在computed中都只寫get()方法,即

computed: {
  myName: function() {
    // 沒有set()方法,只有g(shù)et()方法
    return this.firstName + this.lastName;
  }
}

而回到上面代碼的分析,defineComputed劫持了computed的get()方法,最終返回watcher.value

渲染W(wǎng)atcher觸發(fā)ComputedWatcher的get()方法執(zhí)行

當(dāng)界面上<template>{myName}</template>渲染myName的時(shí)候,會(huì)觸發(fā)myName的get()方法,由于Object.defineProperty的數(shù)據(jù)劫持,會(huì)先調(diào)用

  • watcher.evaluate()->watcher.get()(從下面的代碼可以得出這樣的推導(dǎo)關(guān)系)
  • watcher.depend()
const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]
if (watcher) {
    if (watcher.dirty) {
        // evaluate () {
        //     this.value = this.get()
        //     this.dirty = false
        // }
        watcher.evaluate()
    }
    if (Dep.target) {
        // depend() {
        //     let i = this.deps.length
        //     while (i--) {
        //         this.deps[i].depend()
        //     }
        // }
        watcher.depend()
    }
    return watcher.value
}
// watcher.js
get() {
   //  function pushTarget (target: ?Watcher) {
   //    targetStack.push(target)
   //    Dep.target = target
        // }
    pushTarget(this);
    let value;
    const vm = this.vm;
    try {
        // this.getter = return this.firstName + this.lastName;
        value = this.getter.call(vm, vm);
    } catch (e) {} 
    finally {
        if (this.deep) { // watch類型的watcher才能配置這個(gè)參數(shù)
            traverse(value);
        }
        popTarget();
        this.cleanupDeps();
    }
    return value;
}

從上面的代碼可以知道,當(dāng)調(diào)用watcher.evaluate()->watcher.get()的時(shí)候,會(huì)調(diào)用:

  • pushTarget(this):將目前的Dep.target 切換到Computed Watcher
  • this.getter.call(vm, vm):觸發(fā)this.firstName對應(yīng)的get()方法和this.lastName對應(yīng)的get()方法。由下面的依賴收集代碼可以知道,此時(shí)this.firstName和this.lastName持有的Dep會(huì)進(jìn)行dep.addSub(this),收集該Computed Watcher
  • popTarget():將目前的Dep.target恢復(fù)到上一個(gè)狀態(tài)
  • cleanupDeps():更新Computed Watcher的所有依賴關(guān)系,將無效的依賴關(guān)系刪除(比如v-if造成的依賴關(guān)系不用再依賴)
  • 最終返回myName= return this.firstName + this.lastName;

watcher.evaluate():求值 + 更新依賴 + 將涉及到的響應(yīng)式對象firstName和lastName關(guān)聯(lián)到Computed Watcher

export function defineReactive(obj: Object, key: string, val: any, ...args) {
    const dep = new Dep()
    let childOb = !shallow && observe(val)

    Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true,
        get: function reactiveGetter() {
            const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
            if (Dep.target) {
                dep.depend()
                if (childOb) {
                    childOb.dep.depend()
                    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
                        dependArray(value)
                    }
                }
            }
            return value
        }
    })
}

// Dep.js
depend () {
  if (Dep.target) {
    Dep.target.addDep(this)
  }
}

// watcher.js
addDep(dep: Dep) {
    const id = dep.id
    if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
        this.newDepIds.add(id)
        this.newDeps.push(dep)
        if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
            dep.addSub(this)
        }
    }
}

回到myName的get()方法,即下面的代碼,我們剛剛分析了watcher.evaluate(),那么我們接下來還調(diào)用了myName中watcher.depend()我們從上面的代碼知道,這個(gè)方法主要是用來收集依賴的,此時(shí)的Dep.target是渲染W(wǎng)atcher,computed Watcher會(huì)進(jìn)行自身的depend(),本質(zhì)是拿出自己所有記錄的Dep(為了方便理解,我們理解Dep就是一個(gè)響應(yīng)式對象的代理),computed Watcher拿出自己記錄的所有的deps[i],然后調(diào)用它們的depend()方法,從而完成這些響應(yīng)式對象(firstName和lastName)與渲染W(wǎng)atcher的關(guān)聯(lián),最后返回watcher.value

const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]
if (watcher) {
    if (watcher.dirty) {
        // 上面分析觸發(fā)了watcher.get()方法
        // 得到對應(yīng)的watcher.value
        // 收集了firstName+lastName和computerWatcher的綁定
        watcher.evaluate();
        // 將目前的Dep.target切換到渲染W(wǎng)atcher
    }
    if (Dep.target) {
        // depend() {
        //     let i = this.deps.length
        //     while (i--) {
        //         this.deps[i].depend()
        //     }
        // }
        watcher.depend()
    }
    return watcher.value
}

// watcher.js
depend() {
    // this.deps是從cleanupDeps()中
    // this.deps = this.newDeps來的
    // this.newDeps是通過addDep()來的
    let i = this.deps.length
    while (i--) {
        this.deps[i].depend()
    }
}

// Dep.js
depend() {
    if (Dep.target) {
        Dep.target.addDep(this)
    }
}

派發(fā)更新流程圖分析

圖片圖片

派發(fā)更新代碼分析

computed: {
  myName: function() {
    // 沒有set()方法,只有g(shù)et()方法
    return this.firstName + this.lastName;
  }
}

當(dāng)this.firstName發(fā)生改變時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)this.firstName.dep.subs.notify()功能,也就是觸發(fā)剛剛注冊的兩個(gè)Watcher: 渲染W(wǎng)atcher和Computed Watcher,首先觸發(fā)的是Computed Watcher的notify()方法,由下面的代碼可以知道,只執(zhí)行this.dirty=true

update () {
    // Computed Watcher的this.lazy都為true
    if (this.lazy) {
      this.dirty = true
    } else if (this.sync) {
      this.run()
    } else {
      queueWatcher(this)
    }
  }

然后觸發(fā)渲染W(wǎng)atcher,觸發(fā)整個(gè)界面進(jìn)行渲染,從而觸發(fā)該computed[key]的get()方法執(zhí)行,也就是myName的get()方法執(zhí)行,由依賴收集的代碼可以知道,最終執(zhí)行為

const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]
if (watcher) {
    if (watcher.dirty) {
        // 上面分析觸發(fā)了watcher.get()方法
        // 得到對應(yīng)的watcher.value
        watcher.evaluate();
    }
    if (Dep.target) {
        // depend() {
        //     let i = this.deps.length
        //     while (i--) {
        //         this.deps[i].depend()
        //     }
        // }
        watcher.depend()
    }
    return watcher.value
}

從上面的分析可以知道,computed[key]的get()先收集了一波依賴:

  • watcher.evaluate():求值watcher.value + 更新依賴 + 將涉及到的響應(yīng)式對象關(guān)聯(lián)到Computed Watcher
  • watcher.depend():將涉及到的響應(yīng)式對象關(guān)聯(lián)到當(dāng)前的Dep.target,即渲染W(wǎng)atcher

然后返回了對應(yīng)的值watcher.value

computedWatcher一般無set方法,因此觸發(fā)派發(fā)更新就是觸發(fā)渲染W(wǎng)atcher/其它Watcher持有computed進(jìn)行重新渲染,從而觸發(fā)computed的get方法,收集最新依賴以及獲取最新值

watch依賴收集和派發(fā)更新分析

watch流程圖跟computed流程大同小異,因此watch只做源碼分析

測試代碼

watch支持多種模式的監(jiān)聽方式,比如傳入一個(gè)回調(diào)函數(shù),比如傳入一個(gè)方法名稱,比如傳入一個(gè)Object,配置參數(shù)

// { [key: string]: string | Function | Object | Array }
watch: {
    a: function (val, oldVal) {},
    b: 'someMethod', // 方法名
    c: {
      handler: function (val, oldVal) {}, // 值改變時(shí)的回調(diào)方法
      deep: true, // 深度遍歷
      immediate: true // 馬上回調(diào)一次
    },
    // 你可以傳入回調(diào)數(shù)組,它們會(huì)被逐一調(diào)用
    e: [
      'handle1', // 方式1
      function handle2 (val, oldVal) {}, // 方式2
            { // 方式3
        handler: function (val, oldVal) {},
        deep: true,
        immediate: true
        },
    ],
    // watch vm.e.f's value: {g: 5}
    'e.f': function (val, oldVal) {}
}

初始化watch

export function initState(vm: Component) {
    if (opts.watch && opts.watch !== nativeWatch) {
        initWatch(vm, opts.watch);
    }
}
function initWatch(vm: Component, watch: Object) {
    for (const key in watch) {
        const handler = watch[key];
        // 處理watch:{b: [三種形式都允許]}的形式
        if (Array.isArray(handler)) {
            for (let i = 0; i < handler.length; i++) {
                createWatcher(vm, key, handler[i]);
            }
        } else {
            createWatcher(vm, key, handler);
        }
    }
}
function createWatcher(vm: Component, expOrFn: string | Function, handler: any, options?: Object) {
    if (isPlainObject(handler)) {
        // 處理watch:{b: {handler: 處理函數(shù), deep: true, immediate: true}}的形式
        options = handler
        handler = handler.handler
    }
    if (typeof handler === 'string') {
        // 處理watch: {b: 'someMethod'}的形式
        handler = vm[handler]
    }
    return vm.$watch(expOrFn, handler, options)
}

從上面的代碼可以看出,初始化時(shí),會(huì)進(jìn)行watch中各種參數(shù)的處理,將3種不同類型的watch回調(diào)模式整理成為規(guī)范的模式,最終調(diào)用Vue.prototype.$watch進(jìn)行new Watcher的構(gòu)建

Vue.prototype.$watch = function (expOrFn: string | Function, cb: any, options?: Object): Function {
    const vm: Component = this
    // cb是回調(diào)方法,如果還是對象,則使用createWatcher拆出來里面的對象
    if (isPlainObject(cb)) {
        return createWatcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    }
    options.user = true
    // 建立一個(gè)watch類型的Watcher
    // expOrFn: getter
    // cb: 注冊的回調(diào)
    const watcher = new Watcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    if (options.immediate) {
        // optinotallow={immediate:true}的分支邏輯
        pushTarget()
        invokeWithErrorHandling(cb, vm, [watcher.value], vm, info)
        popTarget()
    }
    return function unwatchFn() {
        watcher.teardown()
    }
}

依賴收集代碼分析

新建Watcher的時(shí)候, 在constructor()中會(huì)觸發(fā)

class watcher {
    constructor() {
    // watch的key
    this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn);
    this.value = this.lazy?undefined:this.get();
}

const bailRE = new RegExp(`[^${unicodeRegExp.source}.$_\d]`)
export function parsePath (path: string): any {
  if (bailRE.test(path)) {
    return
  }
  const segments = path.split('.')
  return function (obj) {
    for (let i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) {
      if (!obj) return
      obj = obj[segments[i]]
    }
    return obj
  }
}

從上面的代碼可以知道,最終this.getter調(diào)用的還是傳入的obj[key],從下面的get()方法可以知道,賦值this.getter后,會(huì)觸發(fā)get()方法,從而觸發(fā)this.getter.call(vm, vm),因此最終this.getter得到的就是vm[key]

get() {
    pushTarget(this)
    let value
    const vm = this.vm
    value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
    if (this.deep) {
        traverse(value); // 深度遍歷數(shù)組/對象,實(shí)現(xiàn)
    }
    popTarget()
    this.cleanupDeps()
    return value
}

// traverse.js
export function traverse (val: any) {
  _traverse(val, seenObjects)
  seenObjects.clear()
}

function _traverse (val: any, seen: SimpleSet) {
  let i, keys
  const isA = Array.isArray(val)
  if ((!isA && !isObject(val)) || Object.isFrozen(val) || val instanceof VNode) {
    return
  }
  if (val.__ob__) {
    const depId = val.__ob__.dep.id
    if (seen.has(depId)) {
      return
    }
    seen.add(depId)
  }
  if (isA) {
    i = val.length
    while (i--) _traverse(val[i], seen)
  } else {
    keys = Object.keys(val)
    i = keys.length
    while (i--) _traverse(val[keys[i]], seen)
  }
}

上面代碼的步驟可以概括為

  • pushTarget:修復(fù)當(dāng)前的Dep.target為當(dāng)前的watch類型的Watcher
  • this.getter:返回當(dāng)前的vm[key],同時(shí)觸發(fā)vm[key]的響應(yīng)式劫持get()方法,從而觸發(fā)vm[key]持有的Dep對象啟動(dòng)dep.depend()進(jìn)行依賴收集(如下面代碼所示),vm[key]持有的Dep對象將當(dāng)前的watch類型的Watcher收集到vm[key]中,下次vm[key]發(fā)生變化時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)watch類型的Watcher進(jìn)行callback的回調(diào)
  • traverse(value):深度遍歷,會(huì)訪問每一個(gè)Object的key,由于每一個(gè)Object的key之前在initState()的時(shí)候已經(jīng)使用Object.defineProperty()進(jìn)行g(shù)et方法的劫持,因此觸發(fā)它們對應(yīng)的getter方法,進(jìn)行dep.depend()收集當(dāng)前的watch類型的Watcher,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)改變Object內(nèi)部深層的某一個(gè)key的時(shí)候會(huì)回調(diào)watch類型的Watcher。沒有加deep=true的時(shí)候,watch類型的Watcher只能監(jiān)聽Object的改變,比如watch:{curData: function(){}},只有this.curData=xxx,才會(huì)觸發(fā)watch,this.curData.children=xxx是不會(huì)觸發(fā)的
  • popTarget:恢復(fù)Dep.target為上一個(gè)狀態(tài)
  • cleanupDeps:更新依賴關(guān)系
  • 返回值value,依賴收集結(jié)束,watch類型的Watcher初始化結(jié)束
Object.defineProperty(obj, key, {
    enumerable: true,
    configurable: true,
    get: function reactiveGetter() {
        const value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val
        if (Dep.target) {
            dep.depend()
            if (childOb) {
                childOb.dep.depend()
                if (Array.isArray(value)) {
                    dependArray(value)
                }
            }
        }
        return value
    }
})

派發(fā)更新代碼分析

當(dāng)watcher的值發(fā)生改變時(shí),會(huì)觸發(fā)dep.subs.notify()方法,從上面的分析可以知道,最終會(huì)調(diào)用watcher.run()方法

run() {
    if (this.active) {
        const value = this.get()
        if (
            value !== this.value ||
            isObject(value) ||
            this.deep
        ) {
            // set new value
            const oldValue = this.value
            this.value = value
            if (this.user) {
                const info = `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`
                invokeWithErrorHandling(this.cb, this.vm, [value, oldValue], this.vm, info)
            } else {
                this.cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
            }
        }
    }
}

由于watch類型的Watcher傳入了this.user=true,因此會(huì)觸發(fā)invokeWithErrorHandling(this.cb, this.vm, [value, oldValue], this.vm, info),將新值和舊值一起回調(diào),比如

watch: {
  myObject: function(value, oldValue) {//新值和舊值}
}

watchOptions幾種模式分析

deep=true

// watcher.js
get() {
    pushTarget(this)
    let value
    const vm = this.vm
    try {
        value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
    } catch (e) {
        if (this.user) {
            handleError(e, vm, `getter for watcher "${this.expression}"`)
        } else {
            throw e
        }
    } finally {
        // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
        // dependencies for deep watching
        if (this.deep) {
            traverse(value)
        }
        popTarget()
        this.cleanupDeps()
    }
    return value
}

在get()方法中進(jìn)行對象的深度key的遍歷,觸發(fā)它們的getter()方法,進(jìn)行依賴的收集,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)

watch: {
  myObject: {
    deep: true,
    handler: function(value, oldValue) {//新值和舊值}
  }
}

this.myObject.a = 2;

雖然上面的例子只是監(jiān)聽了myObject,但是由于加入deep=true,因此this.myObject.a也會(huì)觸發(fā)watcher.run(),如下面代碼所示,由于this.deep=true,因此會(huì)回調(diào)cb(value, oldValue)

run() {
    if (this.active) {
        const value = this.get()
        if (
            value !== this.value ||
            isObject(value) ||
            this.deep
        ) {
            // set new value
            const oldValue = this.value
            this.value = value
            if (this.user) {
                const info = `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`
                invokeWithErrorHandling(this.cb, this.vm, [value, oldValue], this.vm, info)
            } else {
                this.cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
            }
        }
    }
}

immediate=true

從下面代碼可以知道,當(dāng)聲明immediate=true的時(shí)候,初始化Watcher,會(huì)馬上調(diào)用invokeWithErrorHandling(cb, vm, [watcher.value], vm, info),即cb的回調(diào)

Vue.prototype.$watch = function (
    expOrFn: string | Function,
    cb: any,
    options?: Object
): Function {
    const vm: Component = this
    if (isPlainObject(cb)) {
        return createWatcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    }
    options = options || {}
    options.user = true
    const watcher = new Watcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    if (options.immediate) {
        const info = `callback for immediate watcher "${watcher.expression}"`
        pushTarget()
        invokeWithErrorHandling(cb, vm, [watcher.value], vm, info)
        popTarget()
    }
    return function unwatchFn() {
        watcher.teardown()
    }
}

watch: {
    myObject:
    {
        immediate: true,
          handler: function() {...初始化馬上觸發(fā)一次}
    }
}

sync=true

如果聲明了sync=true,在dep.sub.notify()中,會(huì)馬上執(zhí)行,如果沒有聲明sync=true,會(huì)推入隊(duì)列中,等到下一個(gè)nextTick周期才會(huì)執(zhí)行

update() {
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (this.lazy) {
        this.dirty = true
    } else if (this.sync) {
        this.run()
    } else {
        queueWatcher(this)
    }
}

export function queueWatcher(watcher: Watcher) {
    const id = watcher.id
    if (has[id] == null) {
        has[id] = true
        if (!flushing) {
            queue.push(watcher)
        } else {
            // if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id
            // if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.
            let i = queue.length - 1
            while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) {
                i--
            }
            queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher)
        }
        // queue the flush
        if (!waiting) {
            waiting = true

            if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !config.async) {
                flushSchedulerQueue()
                return
            }
            nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)
        }
    }
}

責(zé)任編輯:武曉燕 來源: 量子前端
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