通過實例詳細講解Quartz.NET的一些高級功能的應(yīng)用,你用到了多少
Quartz.NET 是一個強大的開源作業(yè)調(diào)度庫,提供了許多高級功能。以下是 Quartz.NET 的常用高級功能:
- Cron 表達式觸發(fā)器: 使用 Cron 表達式定義靈活的調(diào)度規(guī)則,實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的時間調(diào)度策略。
- 作業(yè)依賴性: 允許定義作業(yè)之間的依賴關(guān)系,確保它們按照特定的順序執(zhí)行。
- 作業(yè)執(zhí)行中的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞: 在調(diào)度作業(yè)時,可以傳遞參數(shù)和數(shù)據(jù),使得作業(yè)能夠根據(jù)需要獲取執(zhí)行時的上下文信息。
- 全局作業(yè)監(jiān)聽器: 添加全局監(jiān)聽器,監(jiān)聽作業(yè)的執(zhí)行生命周期事件,例如作業(yè)執(zhí)行前、執(zhí)行后等。
- 全局觸發(fā)器監(jiān)聽器: 添加全局監(jiān)聽器,監(jiān)聽觸發(fā)器的生命周期事件,例如觸發(fā)器觸發(fā)、觸發(fā)器完成等。
- 自定義日歷: 可以實現(xiàn)自定義的日歷邏輯,例如排除特定日期或時間段,以滿足業(yè)務(wù)需求。
- 集群模式: 允許將 Quartz.NET 實例配置為集群,實現(xiàn)分布式作業(yè)調(diào)度,確保高可用性和負載均衡。
- 持久性作業(yè): Quartz.NET 提供了作業(yè)的持久性支持,可以將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器存儲在數(shù)據(jù)庫中,保證作業(yè)不會丟失。
- 作業(yè)狀態(tài)記錄: Quartz.NET 能夠記錄作業(yè)的執(zhí)行狀態(tài),包括成功、失敗、被否決等,方便監(jiān)控和故障排查。
- 并行執(zhí)行: 允許多個作業(yè)同時執(zhí)行,提高系統(tǒng)的并發(fā)性能。
這些功能使得 Quartz.NET 成為一個靈活且功能豐富的作業(yè)調(diào)度框架,適用于各種復(fù)雜的調(diào)度需求。
以下是 Quartz.NET 的高級功能示例,包含中文注釋:
1.Cron 表達式觸發(fā)器
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<NetworkStatusCheckJob>()
.WithIdentity("networkStatusCheckJob", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器,使用 Cron 表達式,每天10:30觸發(fā)一次
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("networkStatusCheckTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithCronSchedule("0 30 10 ? * *")
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
2.作業(yè)間的依賴性
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)1
IJobDetail job1 = JobBuilder.Create<Job1>()
.WithIdentity("job1", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)2
IJobDetail job2 = JobBuilder.Create<Job2>()
.WithIdentity("job2", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器1
ITrigger trigger1 = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
.StartNow()
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器2,設(shè)置在觸發(fā)器1后執(zhí)行
ITrigger trigger2 = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("trigger2", "group1")
.StartNow()
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job1, trigger1).Wait();
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job2, trigger2.ForJob(job1).Build()).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class Job1 : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("Job1 執(zhí)行");
}
}
public class Job2 : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("Job2 執(zhí)行");
}
}
3.作業(yè)執(zhí)行中的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
// 創(chuàng)建帶數(shù)據(jù)的作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<DataPassingJob>()
.WithIdentity("dataPassingJob", "group1")
.UsingJobData("key1", "value1")
.UsingJobData("key2", 123)
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("dataPassingTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(20)
.RepeatForever())
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class DataPassingJob : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
// 從作業(yè)執(zhí)行上下文中獲取傳遞的數(shù)據(jù)
JobDataMap dataMap = context.JobDetail.JobDataMap;
string value1 = dataMap.GetString("key1");
int value2 = dataMap.GetInt("key2");
Console.WriteLine($"作業(yè)執(zhí)行中的數(shù)據(jù):key1={value1}, key2={value2}");
}
}
4.全局作業(yè)監(jiān)聽器
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
public class GlobalJobListener : IJobListener
{
public string Name => "GlobalJobListener";
public Task JobExecutionVetoed(IJobExecutionContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
Console.WriteLine($"作業(yè)被否決:{context.JobDetail.Key}");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task JobToBeExecuted(IJobExecutionContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
Console.WriteLine($"準備執(zhí)行作業(yè):{context.JobDetail.Key}");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task JobWasExecuted(IJobExecutionContext context, JobExecutionException jobException, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
Console.WriteLine($"作業(yè)執(zhí)行完成:{context.JobDetail.Key}");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
// 添加全局作業(yè)監(jiān)聽器
scheduler.ListenerManager.AddJobListener(new GlobalJobListener());
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<SimpleJob>()
.WithIdentity("simpleJob", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("simpleTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(20)
.RepeatForever())
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class SimpleJob : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("簡單作業(yè)執(zhí)行中...");
}
}
5.全局觸發(fā)器監(jiān)聽器
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
public class GlobalTriggerListener : ITriggerListener
{
public string Name => "GlobalTriggerListener";
public Task TriggerComplete(ITrigger trigger, IJobExecutionContext context, Trigger.CompletedExecutionInstruction triggerInstructionCode, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
Console.WriteLine($"觸發(fā)器完成:{trigger.Key}");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task TriggerFired(ITrigger trigger, IJobExecutionContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
Console.WriteLine($"觸發(fā)器觸發(fā):{trigger.Key}");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task TriggerMisfired(ITrigger trigger, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
Console.WriteLine($"觸發(fā)器錯過觸發(fā):{trigger.Key}");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
public Task<bool> VetoJobExecution(ITrigger trigger, IJobExecutionContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
Console.WriteLine($"否決作業(yè)執(zhí)行:{trigger.Key}");
return Task.FromResult(false);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
// 添加全局觸發(fā)器監(jiān)聽器
scheduler.ListenerManager.AddTriggerListener(new GlobalTriggerListener());
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<SimpleJob>()
.WithIdentity("simpleJob", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("simpleTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(20)
.RepeatForever())
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class SimpleJob : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("簡單作業(yè)執(zhí)行中...");
}
}
6.自定義日歷
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
public class CustomCalendar : BaseCalendar
{
// 實現(xiàn)自定義的日歷邏輯,這里簡單演示一個排除周末的例子
public override bool IsTimeIncluded(DateTimeOffset timeStampUtc)
{
return timeStampUtc.DayOfWeek != DayOfWeek.Saturday && timeStampUtc.DayOfWeek != DayOfWeek.Sunday;
}
public override DateTimeOffset GetNextIncludedTimeUtc(DateTimeOffset timeStampUtc)
{
// 確保下一個時間是在排除條件內(nèi)的
DateTimeOffset nextTime = timeStampUtc.AddSeconds(1);
while (!IsTimeIncluded(nextTime))
{
nextTime = nextTime.AddSeconds(1);
}
return nextTime;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
// 使用自定義日歷
scheduler.AddCalendar("customCalendar", new CustomCalendar(), true, true);
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<SimpleJob>()
.WithIdentity("simpleJob", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器,關(guān)聯(lián)自定義日歷
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("simpleTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(20)
.RepeatForever())
.ModifiedByCalendar("customCalendar")
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class SimpleJob : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("簡單作業(yè)執(zhí)行中...");
}
}
7.集群模式
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例,設(shè)置為集群模式
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler(new NameValueCollection { { "quartz.jobStore.type", "Quartz.Simpl.RAMJobStore, Quartz" } }).Result;
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<SimpleJob>()
.WithIdentity("simpleJob", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("simpleTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(20)
.RepeatForever())
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class SimpleJob : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("簡單作業(yè)執(zhí)行中...");
}
}
8.持久性作業(yè)
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例,設(shè)置為使用 AdoJobStore 持久性存儲
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler(new NameValueCollection
{
{ "quartz.jobStore.type", "Quartz.Impl.AdoJobStore.JobStoreTX, Quartz" },
{ "quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateType", "Quartz.Impl.AdoJobStore.StdAdoDelegate, Quartz" },
{ "quartz.jobStore.dataSource", "myDS" },
{ "quartz.dataSource.myDS.connectionString", "YourConnectionString" },
{ "quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix", "QRTZ_" },
{ "quartz.jobStore.useProperties", "true" },
{ "quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold", "60000" }
}).Result;
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<SimpleJob>()
.WithIdentity("simpleJob", "group1")
.StoreDurably() // 設(shè)置為持久性作業(yè)
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("simpleTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(20)
.RepeatForever())
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.AddJob(job, true).Wait();
scheduler.ScheduleJob(trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class SimpleJob : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
Console.WriteLine("簡單作業(yè)執(zhí)行中...");
}
}
9.作業(yè)狀態(tài)記錄
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)
IJobDetail job = JobBuilder.Create<StatusRecordingJob>()
.WithIdentity("statusRecordingJob", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("statusRecordingTrigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule(x => x
.WithIntervalInSeconds(20)
.RepeatForever())
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger).Wait();
// 啟動調(diào)度器
scheduler.Start().Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
scheduler.Shutdown().Wait();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class StatusRecordingJob : IJob
{
public void Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
// 記錄作業(yè)狀態(tài)
Console.WriteLine($"作業(yè)執(zhí)行中... 執(zhí)行狀態(tài):{context.Result}");
}
}
10.并行執(zhí)行
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
class Program
{
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
// 創(chuàng)建調(diào)度器工廠
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
// 獲取調(diào)度器實例
IScheduler scheduler = await schedulerFactory.GetScheduler();
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)1
IJobDetail job1 = JobBuilder.Create<ParallelJob>()
.WithIdentity("parallelJob1", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建作業(yè)2
IJobDetail job2 = JobBuilder.Create<ParallelJob>()
.WithIdentity("parallelJob2", "group1")
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器1
ITrigger trigger1 = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("trigger1", "group1")
.StartNow()
.Build();
// 創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器2
ITrigger trigger2 = TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity("trigger2", "group1")
.StartNow()
.Build();
// 將作業(yè)和觸發(fā)器添加到調(diào)度器
await scheduler.ScheduleJob(job1, trigger1);
await scheduler.ScheduleJob(job2, trigger2);
// 啟動調(diào)度器
await scheduler.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Quartz.NET 已啟動,按任意鍵退出...");
Console.ReadKey();
// 關(guān)閉調(diào)度器
await scheduler.Shutdown();
}
catch (SchedulerException se)
{
Console.WriteLine(se);
}
}
}
public class ParallelJob : IJob
{
public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
// 模擬作業(yè)執(zhí)行時間
await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
Console.WriteLine($"并行作業(yè)執(zhí)行中... 執(zhí)行時間:{DateTime.Now}");
}
}
這些示例涵蓋了 Quartz.NET 的一些高級功能,包括 Cron 表達式觸發(fā)器、作業(yè)間的依賴性、作業(yè)執(zhí)行中的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞、全局作業(yè)監(jiān)聽器、全局觸發(fā)器監(jiān)聽器、自定義日歷、集群模式、持久性作業(yè)、作業(yè)狀態(tài)記錄和并行執(zhí)行。希望對你理解 Quartz.NET 的高級功能有所幫助。