import os

# 查看當(dāng)前工作目錄
print(os.getcwd())

# 創(chuàng)建新目錄
os.mkdir('new_folder')

# 列出指定目錄下的文件和子目錄
for item in os.listdir('.'):
    print(item)

import sys

# 輸出Python版本信息
print(sys.version)

# 打印命令行參數(shù)
for arg in sys.argv:
    print(arg)

from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# 獲取當(dāng)前日期時(shí)間
now = datetime.now()
print(now)

# 計(jì)算未來(lái)日期
future_date = now + timedelta(days=30)
print(future_date)

import math

# 計(jì)算圓面積
radius = 5
area = math.pi * radius ##  2
print(area)

# 計(jì)算最大公約數(shù)
num1, num2 = ?, 21
gcd = math.gcd(num1, num2)
print(gcd)

import random

# 生成一個(gè)[0, 1)之間的隨機(jī)浮點(diǎn)數(shù)
rand_float = random.random()
print(rand_float)

# 隨機(jī)從列表中選取一個(gè)元素
choices = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
random_choice = random.choice(choices)
print(random_choice)

import csv

# 寫(xiě)入CSV文件
with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:
    writer = csv.writer(file)
    writer.writerow(['Name', 'Age'])
    writer.writerow(['Alice', 25])

# 讀取CSV文件
with open('data.csv', newline='') as file:
    reader = csv.reader(file)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

import json

# 將Python對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為JSON字符串
data = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}
json_str = json.dumps(data)
print(json_str)

# 從JSON字符串解析回Python對(duì)象
loaded_data = json.loads(json_str)
print(loaded_data)

import requests

# 發(fā)送GET請(qǐng)求并打印響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')
print(response.text)

import pandas as pd

# 從CSV文件加載數(shù)據(jù)到DataFrame
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')

# 查看前5行數(shù)據(jù)
print(df.head())

import numpy as np

# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)2x2的數(shù)組
arr = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(arr)

# 計(jì)算數(shù)組元素之和
sum_arr = np.sum(arr)
print(sum_arr)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 繪制簡(jiǎn)單的折線(xiàn)圖
plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 4, 9, 16])
plt.show()

from scipy.optimize import minimize

# 定義目標(biāo)函數(shù)
def f(x):
    return x## 2 + 10*np.sin(x)

# 使用優(yōu)化算法找到最小值
result = minimize(f, x0=0)
print(result.x)

import re

# 使用正則表達(dá)式匹配郵箱地址
pattern = r'\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\b'
text = 'Contact me at alice@example.com or bob@gmail.com'
matches = re.findall(pattern, text)
print(matches)

import threading

# 定義線(xiàn)程任務(wù)
def thread_task(name):
    print(f"Thread {name} started.")
    # ... 執(zhí)行任務(wù) ...
    print(f"Thread {name} finished.")

# 創(chuàng)建并啟動(dòng)兩個(gè)線(xiàn)程
t1 = threading.Thread(target=thread_task, args=("Thread 1",))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=thread_task, args=("Thread 2",))

t1.start()
t2.start()

# 等待所有線(xiàn)程完成
t1.join()
t2.join()

print("All threads finished.")

import timeit

# 測(cè)試代碼塊執(zhí)行時(shí)間
setup = "import math"
statement = "math.factorial(100)"
elapsed_time = timeit.timeit(setup=setup, stmt=statement, number=1000)
print(f"Average execution time: {elapsed_time/1000:.6f} seconds")

import unittest

class TestMathFunctions(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_factorial(self):
        self.assertEqual(math.factorial(5), 120)

    def test_gcd(self):
        self.assertEqual(math.gcd(18, 24), 6)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
                   help='an integer for the accumulator')
parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const',
                   const=sum, default=max,
                   help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.accumulate(args.integers))

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

logger.info("This is an informative message.")
logger.warning("Watch out! This might be a problem.")

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()

cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE stocks
                 (date text, trans text, symbol text, qty real, price real)''')

cursor.execute("INSERT INTO stocks VALUES ('202.jpg', 'BUY', 'RHAT', 100, 35.14)")

conn.commit()
conn.close()

import hashlib

message = "Hello, world!".encode()
digest = hashlib.sha256(message).hexdigest()
print(digest)

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

root = ET.Element("root")
child = ET.SubElement(root, "child", name="element1")
ET.SubElement(child, "grandchild").text = "Some text"

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("output.xml")

import shutil

shutil.copyfile('source.txt', 'destination.txt')
shutil.move('old_file.txt', 'new_file.txt')
shutil.rmtree('directory_to_remove')

import itertools

combinations = itertools.combinations(range(4), 2)
for combo in combinations:
    print(combo)

import functools

@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=32)
def fib(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

print(fib(10))