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15個有趣的Python腳本,讓你從入門到精通

開發(fā) 前端
這十五個腳本涵蓋了一系列基礎(chǔ)的Python概念,并為初學(xué)者提供了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。通過這些項目的實踐,新程序員可以建立起信心,并逐漸解決Python中更復(fù)雜的問題。

Python因其可讀性和直接明了的語法而成為一種非常適合編程初學(xué)者的語言。初入Python后,想要提高你的編程技巧嗎?快來看看這里的腳本吧!本文介紹了15個有趣的Python腳本,讓你從入門到精通。

1. Hello, World!

所有程序員的經(jīng)典起點,這個腳本介紹了Python語法的基礎(chǔ)。

print("Hello, World!")

2. 簡易計算器

創(chuàng)建一個基本的計算器,執(zhí)行加法、減法、乘法和除法。

def calculator():
    operation = input("選擇操作(+,-,*,/):")
    num1 = float(input("輸入第一個數(shù)字:"))
    num2 = float(input("輸入第二個數(shù)字:"))

    if operation == '+':
        print(f"{num1} + {num2} = {num1 + num2}")
    elif operation == '-':
        print(f"{num1} - {num2} = {num1 - num2}")
    elif operation == '*':
        print(f"{num1} * {num2} = {num1 * num2}")
    elif operation == '/':
        print(f"{num1} / {num2} = {num1 / num2}")
    else:
        print("無效操作")

calculator()

3. 猜數(shù)字

這個游戲隨機選擇一個1到100之間的數(shù)字,玩家必須猜出它。

from PIL import Image
import os

def batch_resiimport random
def guess_the_number():
    number_to_guess = random.randint(1, 100)
    guess = None

    while guess != number_to_guess:
        guess = int(input("猜一個1到100之間的數(shù)字:"))
        if guess < number_to_guess:
            print("太低了!")
        elif guess > number_to_guess:
            print("太高了!")
        else:
            print("恭喜你!你猜對了。")

guess_the_number()import random
def guess_the_number():
    number_to_guess = random.randint(1, 100)
    guess = None

    while guess != number_to_guess:
        guess = int(input("猜一個1到100之間的數(shù)字:"))
        if guess < number_to_guess:
            print("太低了!")
        elif guess > number_to_guess:
            print("太高了!")
        else:
            print("恭喜你!你猜對了。")

guess_the_number()ze(folder, width, height):
    for filename in os.listdir(folder):
        if filename.endswith(('.jpeg', '.jpg', '.png')):
            img = Image.open(os.path.join(folder, filename))
            img = img.resize((width, height))
            img.save(os.path.join(folder, f"resized_{filename}"))
            print(f'調(diào)整了 {filename} 的大小')

batch_resize('/path/to/images', 800, 600)

4. 石頭剪刀布

實現(xiàn)經(jīng)典的石頭、剪刀、布游戲。

import random
def rock_paper_scissors():
    choices = ['rock', 'paper', 'scissors']
    computer_choice = random.choice(choices)
    user_choice = input("選擇石頭、剪刀或布:").lower()

    if user_choice not in choices:
        print("無效選擇")
        return

    print(f"計算機選擇了:{computer_choice}")
    if user_choice == computer_choice:
        print("平局!")
    elif (user_choice == 'rock' and computer_choice == 'scissors') or \
         (user_choice == 'scissors' and computer_choice == 'paper') or \
         (user_choice == 'paper' and computer_choice == 'rock'):
        print("你贏了!")
    else:
        print("你輸了!")

rock_paper_scissors()

5. 待辦事項列表

創(chuàng)建一個簡單的待辦事項列表應(yīng)用程序。

def to_do_list():
    tasks = []

    while True:
        action = input("輸入 'add' 添加任務(wù),'remove' 刪除任務(wù),'view' 查看所有任務(wù),或 'quit' 退出:").lower()
        if action == 'add':
            task = input("輸入一個任務(wù):")
            tasks.append(task)
        elif action == 'remove':
            task = input("輸入要刪除的任務(wù):")
            if task in tasks:
                tasks.remove(task)
            else:
                print("任務(wù)未找到")
        elif action == 'view':
            print("任務(wù):", tasks)
        elif action == 'quit':
            break
        else:
            print("無效操作")

to_do_list()

6.  基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)頁抓取器

學(xué)習使用BeautifulSoup進行基礎(chǔ)的網(wǎng)頁抓取。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def web_scraper():
    url = 'http://example.com'
    response = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')
    print(soup.prettify())
web_scraper()

7. 天氣應(yīng)用

使用API獲取指定城市的天氣數(shù)據(jù)。

import requests
def weather_app():
    api_key = 'your_api_key'
    city = input("輸入城市名稱:")
    url = f'http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid={api_key}'

    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()

    if data['cod'] == 200:
        main = data['main']
        temperature = main['temp']
        weather = data['weather'][0]['description']
        print(f"溫度:{temperature}")
        print(f"天氣:{weather}")
    else:
        print("城市未找到")

weather_app()

8. 填詞游戲生成器

創(chuàng)建一個有趣的填詞游戲,用戶通過輸入完成一個故事。

def mad_libs():
    noun = input("輸入一個名詞:")
    adjective = input("輸入一個形容詞:")
    verb = input("輸入一個動詞:")
    place = input("輸入一個地點:")

    story = f"從前,有一個喜歡在{place}做{verb}的{adjective} {noun}。"
    print(story)

mad_libs()

9. 斐波那契數(shù)列

生成到指定數(shù)字的斐波那契數(shù)列。

def fibonacci_sequence(n):
    sequence = [0, 1]
    while len(sequence) < n:
        sequence.append(sequence[-1] + sequence[-2])
    print(sequence)
fibonacci_sequence(10)

10. 密碼生成器

創(chuàng)建一個腳本,生成一個隨機的安全密碼。

import random
import string

def password_generator(length=12):
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation
    password = ''.join(random.choice(characters) for i in range(length))
    print(password)

password_generator()

11. 吊死鬼游戲

創(chuàng)建一個經(jīng)典的吊死鬼游戲,玩家猜測字母以揭示隱藏的單詞。

import random
def hangman():
    words = ['python', 'java', 'swift', 'javascript']
    word = random.choice(words)
    guessed_letters = set()
    attempts = 6

    while attempts > 0:
        display_word = ''.join([letter if letter in guessed_letters else '_' for letter in word])
        print(display_word)
        
        if '_' not in display_word:
            print("恭喜你!你猜對了單詞。")
            break

        guess = input("猜一個字母:").lower()
        if guess in guessed_letters:
            print("你已經(jīng)猜過那個字母了。")
        elif guess in word:
            guessed_letters.add(guess)
        else:
            attempts -= 1
            print(f"猜錯了。你還有{attempts}次機會。")
    
    if attempts == 0:
        print(f"游戲結(jié)束!單詞是'{word}'。")

hangman()

12. 質(zhì)數(shù)檢查器

編寫一個腳本,檢查給定的數(shù)字是否為質(zhì)數(shù)。

def is_prime(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

number = int(input("輸入一個數(shù)字:"))
if is_prime(number):
    print(f"{number} 是一個質(zhì)數(shù)。")
else:
    print(f"{number} 不是一個質(zhì)數(shù)。")

13. 貨幣轉(zhuǎn)換器

創(chuàng)建一個簡單的貨幣轉(zhuǎn)換器,使用 API 獲取最新的匯率。

import requests
def currency_converter():
    api_key = 'your_api_key'
    base_currency = input("輸入基準貨幣(例如,USD):").upper()
    target_currency = input("輸入目標貨幣(例如,EUR):").upper()
    amount = float(input("輸入金額:"))

    url = f'https://api.exchangerate-api.com/v4/latest/{base_currency}'
    response = requests.get(url)
    data = response.json()
    
    if target_currency in data['rates']:
        exchange_rate = data['rates'][target_currency]
        converted_amount = amount * exchange_rate
        print(f"{amount} {base_currency} 等于 {converted_amount:.2f} {target_currency}")
    else:
        print("貨幣不支持。")

currency_converter()

14. BMI計算器

創(chuàng)建一個腳本,根據(jù)用戶輸入計算身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)。

def bmi_calculator():
    height = float(input("輸入身高(米):"))
    weight = float(input("輸入體重(千克):"))
    bmi = weight / (height ** 2)
    print(f"你的BMI是:{bmi:.2f}")
    
    if bmi < 18.5:
        print("你體重過輕。")
    elif 18.5 <= bmi < 24.9:
        print("你體重正常。")
    elif 25 <= bmi < 29.9:
        print("

15. 井字棋游戲

創(chuàng)建一個可供兩人游玩的井字棋游戲。

def print_board(board):
    for row in board:
        print(" | ".join(row))
        print("-" * 5)
def check_winner(board, player):
    for row in board:
        if all([cell == player for cell in row]):
            return True
    for col in range(3):
        if all([board[row][col] == player for row in range(3)]):
            return True
    if all([board[i][i] == player for i in range(3)]) or all([board[i][2-i] == player for i in range(3)]):
        return True
    return False
def tic_tac_toe():
    board = [[' ' for _ in range(3)] for _ in range(3)]
    players = ['X', 'O']
    turn = 0

    for _ in range(9):
        print_board(board)
        player = players[turn % 2]
        print(f"Player {player}'s turn")
        row = int(input("Enter row (0, 1, 2): "))
        col = int(input("Enter column (0, 1, 2): "))

        if board[row][col] == ' ':
            board[row][col] = player
            if check_winner(board, player):
                print_board(board)
                print(f"Player {player} wins!")
                return
            turn += 1
        else:
            print("Cell already taken. Try again.")

    print_board(board)
    print("It's a tie!")

tic_tac_toe()

總結(jié)

這十五個腳本涵蓋了一系列基礎(chǔ)的Python概念,并為初學(xué)者提供了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。通過這些項目的實踐,新程序員可以建立起信心,并逐漸解決Python中更復(fù)雜的問題。

責任編輯:武曉燕 來源: Java學(xué)研大本營
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