OxyPlot在WinForms中柱狀圖的應(yīng)用指南
作者：iamrick
OxyPlot提供了豐富的功能來創(chuàng)建和自定義柱狀圖。通過本指南中的例子,您應(yīng)該能夠在WinForms應(yīng)用程序中創(chuàng)建各種類型的柱狀圖,并根據(jù)需要自定義它們的外觀和行為。記住,OxyPlot的功能遠(yuǎn)不止于此,您可以進(jìn)一步探索其他圖表類型和高級(jí)功能。
OxyPlot是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的跨平臺(tái)繪圖庫,可以在WinForms應(yīng)用程序中創(chuàng)建高質(zhì)量的圖表。本指南將重點(diǎn)介紹如何使用OxyPlot在WinForms中創(chuàng)建各種類型的柱狀圖。
環(huán)境設(shè)置
首先,您需要在您的WinForms項(xiàng)目中安裝OxyPlot。您可以通過NuGet包管理器安裝以下包:
- OxyPlot.Core
- OxyPlot.WindowsForms
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在Visual Studio中,右鍵點(diǎn)擊您的項(xiàng)目,選擇"管理NuGet包",然后搜索并安裝這兩個(gè)包。
安裝完成后,在您的代碼中添加以下using語句:
using OxyPlot;
using OxyPlot.Series;
using OxyPlot.WindowsForms;基礎(chǔ)柱狀圖
讓我們從一個(gè)簡單的柱狀圖開始。
- 在代碼中,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)PlotModel和BarSeries,然后將數(shù)據(jù)添加到系列中。
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using OxyPlot;
using OxyPlot.Series; // 確保包含這個(gè)命名空間
using OxyPlot.WindowsForms; // 如果使用 Windows Forms
namespace AppOxyPlot
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private PlotView plotView1; // 聲明 PlotView
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
// 初始化 PlotView
plotView1 = new PlotView();
plotView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
this.Controls.Add(plotView1);
CreateBasicBarChart();
}
private void CreateBasicBarChart()
{
var model = new PlotModel { Title = "基礎(chǔ)柱狀圖" };
var series = new BarSeries();
series.Items.Add(new BarItem(5));
series.Items.Add(new BarItem(3));
series.Items.Add(new BarItem(7));
series.Items.Add(new BarItem(2));
series.Items.Add(new BarItem(9));
model.Series.Add(series);
plotView1.Model = model;
}
}
}
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這將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)簡單的柱狀圖,包含5個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。
多系列柱狀圖
要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建包含多個(gè)系列的柱狀圖,只需添加多個(gè)BarSeries到模型中。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using OxyPlot.WindowsForms;
using OxyPlot;
using OxyPlot.Axes;
using OxyPlot.Legends;
using OxyPlot.Series;
namespace AppOxyPlot
{
public partial class Form2 : Form
{
private PlotModel plotModel;
public Form2()
{
InitializeComponent();
InitializePlotView();
}
private void InitializePlotView()
{
// 創(chuàng)建PlotModel
plotModel = new PlotModel
{
Title = "季度產(chǎn)品銷售對(duì)比",
TitleFontSize = 16,
TitleColor = OxyColors.Black
};
plotModel.Legends.Add(new Legend
{
LegendPosition = LegendPosition.RightMiddle,
LegendPlacement = LegendPlacement.Outside,
LegendOrientation = LegendOrientation.Vertical
});
// 創(chuàng)建多個(gè)柱狀圖系列
var electronicsSeries = CreateBarSeries("電子產(chǎn)品", OxyColors.Blue);
var clothingSeries = CreateBarSeries("服裝", OxyColors.Green);
var foodSeries = CreateBarSeries("食品", OxyColors.Red);
// 添加數(shù)據(jù)
AddSeriesData(electronicsSeries, new double[] { 120.5, 150.3, 200.7, 180.2 });
AddSeriesData(clothingSeries, new double[] { 85.3, 95.6, 110.4, 130.1 });
AddSeriesData(foodSeries, new double[] { 65.7, 78.2, 90.5, 105.3 });
// 創(chuàng)建類別軸（垂直軸）
var categoryAxis = new CategoryAxis
{
Position = AxisPosition.Left,
Key = "CategoryAxis",
Title = "產(chǎn)品類別",
TitleFontSize = 12,
TitleColor = OxyColors.Black
};
categoryAxis.Labels.AddRange(new[] { "Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4" });
// 創(chuàng)建數(shù)值軸（水平軸）
var valueAxis = new LinearAxis
{
Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
Title = "銷售額 (萬元)",
TitleFontSize = 12,
TitleColor = OxyColors.Black,
MinimumPadding = 0,
MaximumPadding = 0.1,
MajorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Solid,
MinorGridlineStyle = LineStyle.Dot,
MajorGridlineColor = OxyColors.LightGray,
MinorGridlineColor = OxyColors.LightGray
};
// 將軸和序列添加到PlotModel
plotModel.Axes.Add(categoryAxis);
plotModel.Axes.Add(valueAxis);
plotModel.Series.Add(electronicsSeries);
plotModel.Series.Add(clothingSeries);
plotModel.Series.Add(foodSeries);
// 設(shè)置PlotView的模型
plotView1.Model = plotModel;
}
// 創(chuàng)建柱狀圖系列的輔助方法
private BarSeries CreateBarSeries(string title, OxyColor color)
{
return new BarSeries
{
Title = title,
StrokeColor = OxyColors.Black,
StrokeThickness = 1,
FillColor = color,
BarWidth = 0.8 // 可以調(diào)整柱子寬度
};
}
// 添加數(shù)據(jù)的輔助方法
private void AddSeriesData(BarSeries series, double[] values)
{
for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
{
series.Items.Add(new BarItem(values[i]) { CategoryIndex = i });
}
}
// 動(dòng)態(tài)更新數(shù)據(jù)的方法
private void UpdateChartData()
{
// 清除現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)
foreach (var series in plotModel.Series)
{
if (series is BarSeries barSeries)
{
barSeries.Items.Clear();
}
}
// 添加新數(shù)據(jù)
var electronicsSeries = plotModel.Series[0] as BarSeries;
var clothingSeries = plotModel.Series[1] as BarSeries;
var foodSeries = plotModel.Series[2] as BarSeries;
if (electronicsSeries != null && clothingSeries != null && foodSeries != null)
{
AddSeriesData(electronicsSeries, new double[] { 140.5, 170.3, 220.7, 200.2 });
AddSeriesData(clothingSeries, new double[] { 95.3, 105.6, 120.4, 140.1 });
AddSeriesData(foodSeries, new double[] { 75.7, 88.2, 100.5, 115.3 });
// 通知模型更新
plotModel.InvalidatePlot(true);
}
}
// 添加按鈕來觸發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)更新（可選）
private void btnUpdateData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
UpdateChartData();
}
}
}
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堆疊柱狀圖
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using OxyPlot;
using OxyPlot.Axes;
using OxyPlot.Legends;
using OxyPlot.Series;
using OxyPlot.WindowsForms;
namespace AppOxyPlot
{
public partial class Form3 : Form
{
private PlotModel plotModel;
public Form3()
{
InitializeComponent();
CreateBarChart();
}
private void CreateBarChart()
{
// 創(chuàng)建PlotModel
plotModel = new PlotModel
{
Title = "銷售數(shù)據(jù)分析",
TitleFontSize = 16,
TitleColor = OxyColors.Black
};
// 創(chuàng)建柱狀圖序列
var series1 = new LinearBarSeries
{
Title = "電子產(chǎn)品",
FillColor = OxyColors.Blue,
StrokeColor = OxyColors.Black,
StrokeThickness = 1
};
var series2 = new LinearBarSeries
{
Title = "軟件服務(wù)",
FillColor = OxyColors.Green,
StrokeColor = OxyColors.Black,
StrokeThickness = 1
};
// 添加數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)
series1.Points.Add(new DataPoint(0, 120.5));
series1.Points.Add(new DataPoint(1, 150.3));
series1.Points.Add(new DataPoint(2, 200.7));
series1.Points.Add(new DataPoint(3, 180.2));
series2.Points.Add(new DataPoint(0, 85.3));
series2.Points.Add(new DataPoint(1, 95.6));
series2.Points.Add(new DataPoint(2, 110.4));
series2.Points.Add(new DataPoint(3, 130.1));
// 創(chuàng)建類別軸
var xAxis = new CategoryAxis
{
Position = AxisPosition.Bottom,
Title = "城市",
Key = "CityAxis"
};
xAxis.Labels.Add("北京");
xAxis.Labels.Add("上海");
xAxis.Labels.Add("廣州");
xAxis.Labels.Add("深圳");
// 創(chuàng)建數(shù)值軸
var yAxis = new LinearAxis
{
Position = AxisPosition.Left,
Title = "銷售額 (萬元)",
Minimum = 0
};
// 添加軸和序列到模型
plotModel.Axes.Add(xAxis);
plotModel.Axes.Add(yAxis);
plotModel.Series.Add(series1);
plotModel.Series.Add(series2);
plotView1.Model = plotModel;
}
}
}
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結(jié)論
OxyPlot提供了豐富的功能來創(chuàng)建和自定義柱狀圖。通過本指南中的例子,您應(yīng)該能夠在WinForms應(yīng)用程序中創(chuàng)建各種類型的柱狀圖,并根據(jù)需要自定義它們的外觀和行為。記住,OxyPlot的功能遠(yuǎn)不止于此,您可以進(jìn)一步探索其他圖表類型和高級(jí)功能。
責(zé)任編輯：武曉燕
來源：
技術(shù)老小子
