NAME

mailaddr - 關于郵件地址的描述

DESCRIPTION 描述

本手冊給出的是 Internet 使用的 SMTP 郵件地址的簡要描述。這些地址的通常的格式是

user@domain

這里的域 (domain) 是分級的子域的列表，子域間用點來分隔。例如下面的地址

eric@monet.berkeley.edu
Eric Allman
eric@monet.berkeley.edu (Eric Allman)

都是同一個地址的有效的格式。

地址中的域部分 (``monet.berkeley.edu'') 可以是一個 internet 上的主機的名字，或者是一個邏輯上的郵件地址。域的部分大小寫不敏感。

地址中的本地部分 (``eric'') 通常是一個用戶名，但它的實際意義是由本地軟件定義的。這部分可以大小寫敏感，但通常大小寫不敏感。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)某個地址的本地部分象一堆亂碼，原因通常是在不同的內部的電子郵件 (e-mail) 系統(tǒng)和網絡間存在著網關。下面是一些例子:

"surname/admd=telemail/c=us/o=hp/prmd=hp"@some.where USER%SOMETHING@some.where machine!machine!name@some.where I2461572@some.where

(它們分別是：一個 X.400 網關，一個到任意的沒有適當?shù)?internet 支持的內部郵件系統(tǒng)的網關 ，一個 UUCP 網關，***一個是令人討厭的用戶命名策略)

真實姓名部分 (``Eric Allman'') 可放在最前面，在 < > 的外面；也可以在***面在 ( ) 的里面。(嚴格的說兩者是不一樣的，但是論述兩者的不同超出了本手冊頁的范圍。)如果名字包含某些特定的字符，可以用" "括起來。特定的字符中最常見的是``.'':

"Eric P. Allman"  

Abbreviation. 縮略寫法.

許多郵件系統(tǒng)允許用戶略寫域名。舉個實例，在 berkeley.edu 的用戶可以用 ``eric@monet''來給 Eric Allman 發(fā)郵件并僥幸成功。這種做法是廢棄了的。  

路由地址

在某些環(huán)境下，可能必須給出一個消息到達最終目的地所要經過的主機的路徑。正常的情況下這是自動的和不可見的，但有時不是，特別是在一些老的和破損的軟件上出現(xiàn)。顯示這些中繼的地址在術語上叫``路由地址''。路由地址使用下面的語法：

<@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>

這指定消息要被送到 hosta，從 hosta 到 hostb，***到達 hostc。一些主機忽略路由地址并直接發(fā)送的 hostc。

路由地址經常發(fā)生在返回地址上，因為通常路過的每個主機上的軟件都要增補路由地址。最常見的可能是忽略地址中除了``user@hostc''的部分，``user@hostc'' 部分確定了真正的發(fā)送者。  

郵件主管.

要求每一個站點都要有一個用戶或用戶別名被指定為"郵件主管"，對于郵件系統(tǒng)的問題可以向此"郵件主管"發(fā)表。"郵件主管"的地址是大小寫不敏感的。  

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 常見問題

rtfm.mit.edu 和許多鏡像站點存儲了一系列常見問題。請找到并使用這些文檔，這些文檔遍布世界。 mail/inter-network-guide 解說如何在不同的網絡間發(fā)送郵件。 mail/country-codes ***域的列表(例如 ``no'' 是 Norway ，``ea'' 是 Eritrea). mail/college-email/part* 給出一些關于怎樣找出郵件地址的位置的小技巧。  

FILES 相關文件

/etc/aliases
~/.forward  

SEE ALSO 參見

binmail(1), mail(1), mconnect(1), forward(5), aliases(5), sendmail(8), vrfy(8), RFC822 (Arpa Internet 文本消息格式的標準).

#p#

NAME

mailaddr - mail addressing description  

DESCRIPTION

This manual page gives a brief introduction to SMTP mail addresses, as used on the Internet. These addresses are in the general format

       user@domain
 

where a domain is a hierarchical dot separated list of subdomains. For example, the addresses

       eric@monet.berkeley.edu

       Eric Allman <eric@monet.berkeley.edu>

       eric@monet.berkeley.edu (Eric Allman)
 

are valid forms of the same address.

The domain part (``monet.berkeley.edu'') may be the name of an internet host, or it may be a logical mail address. The domain part is not case sensitive.

The local part (``eric'') is often a user name, but its meaning is defined by the local software. It can be case sensitive, but usually isn't. If you see a local-part that looks like garbage, it is usually because of a gateway between an internal e-mail system and the net, here are some examples:

       "surname/admd=telemail/c=us/o=hp/prmd=hp"@some.where
        USER%SOMETHING@some.where
        machine!machine!name@some.where
        I2461572@some.where
 

(These are, respectively, an X.400 gateway, a gateway to an arbitrary inernal mail system that lacks proper internet support, an UUCP gateway, and the last one is just boring username policy.)

The real-name part (``Eric Allman'') can either be placed first, outside <>, or last, inside (). (Strictly speaking the two aren't the same, but the difference is outside the scope of this page.) The name may have to be quoted using "" if it contains certain characters, most commonly ``.'':

       "Eric P. Allman" <eric@monet.berkeley.edu>
 

Abbreviation.

Many mail systems let users abbreviate the domain name. For instance, users at berkeley.edu may get away with ``eric@monet'' to send mail to Eric Allman. This behavior is deprecated.  

Route-addrs.

Under some circumstances it may be necessary to route a message through several hosts to get it to the final destination. Normally this happens automatically and invisibly, but sometimes not, particularly with old and broken software. Addresses which show these relays are termed ``route-addrs.'' These use the syntax:

       <@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>
 

This specifies that the message should be sent to hosta, from there to hostb, and finally to hostc. Some hosts disregard route-addrs and send directly to hostc.

Route-addrs occur frequently on return addresses, since these are generally augmented by the software at each host. It is generally possible to ignore all but the ``user@hostc'' part of the address to determine the actual sender.  

Postmaster.

Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated ``postmaster'' to which problems with the mail system may be addressed. The ``postmaster'' address is not case sensitive.  

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

rtfm.mit.edu and many mirrors store a collection of FAQs. Please find and use a nearby FAQ archive; there are dozens or hundreds around the world. mail/inter-network-guide explains how to send mail between many different networks. mail/country-codes lists the top level domains (e.g. ``no'' is Norway and ``ea'' is Eritrea). mail/college-email/part* gives some useful tips on how to locate e-mail addresses.  

FILES

/etc/aliases
~/.forward  

SEE ALSO

binmail(1), mail(1), mconnect(1), forward(5), aliases(5), sendmail(8), vrfy(8), RFC822 (Standard for the Format of Arpa Internet Text Messages).