這個(gè)例子說明了怎樣在Linux下shell腳本中從數(shù)據(jù)文件讀取特定的域（field）并進(jìn)行操作。例如，假設(shè)文件employees.txt的格式是{employee-name}:{employee-id}:{department-name}，以冒號進(jìn)行劃分，如下所示。

$ cat employees.txt 
Emma Thomas:100:Marketing 
Alex Jason:200:Sales 
Madison Randy:300:Product Development 
Sanjay Gupta:400:Support 
Nisha Singh:500:Sales

下面的shell腳本說明了如何從這個(gè)employee.txt文件中讀取特定的域（field）。

$ vi read-employees.sh 
#!/bin/bash 
IFS=: 
echo "Employee Names:" 
echo "---------------" 
while read name empid dept 
do 
    echo "$name is part of $dept department" 
done < ~/employees.txt

賦予腳本可執(zhí)行權(quán)限后執(zhí)行該腳本

$ chmod u+x read-employees.sh 
$ ./read-employees.sh 
Employee Names: 
--------------- 
Emma Thomas is part of Marketing department 
Alex Jason is part of Sales department 
Madison Randy is part of Product Development department 
Sanjay Gupta is part of Support department 
Nisha Singh is part of Sales department

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