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查看Linux系統(tǒng)硬件信息實例詳解

系統(tǒng)
linux查看系統(tǒng)的硬件信息,并不像windows那么直觀,這里我羅列了查看系統(tǒng)信息的實用命令,并做了分類,實例解說,希望對您有所幫助。

  linux查看系統(tǒng)的硬件信息,并不像windows那么直觀,這里我羅列了查看系統(tǒng)信息的實用命令,并做了分類,實例解說。

  cpu

  lscpu命令,查看的是cpu的統(tǒng)計信息。

  blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
  Architecture:          i686            #cpu架構(gòu)
  CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
  Byte Order:            Little Endian   #小尾序
  CPU(s):                4               #總共有4核
  On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
  Thread(s) per core:    1               #每個cpu核,只能支持一個線程,即不支持超線程
  Core(s) per socket:    4               #每個cpu,有4個核
  Socket(s):             1               #總共有1一個cpu
  Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel    #cpu產(chǎn)商 intel
  CPU family:            6
  Model:                 42
  Stepping:              7
  CPU MHz:               1600.000
  BogoMIPS:              5986.12
  Virtualization:        VT-x            #支持cpu虛擬化技術(shù)
  L1d cache:             32K
  L1i cache:             32K
  L2 cache:              256K
  L3 cache:              6144K

  查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個cpu信息,如每個CPU的型號,主頻等。

  #cat /proc/cpuinfo
  processor    : 0
  vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
  cpu family    : 6
  model        : 42
  model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz
  .....

  上面輸出的是***個cpu部分信息,還有3個cpu信息省略了。

  內(nèi)存

  概要查看內(nèi)存情況

  free -m
               total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
  Mem:          3926       3651        274          0         12        404
  -/+ buffers/cache:       3235        691
  Swap:         9536         31       9505

  這里的單位是MB,總共的內(nèi)存是3926MB。

  查看內(nèi)存詳細(xì)使用

  # cat /proc/meminfo
  MemTotal:        4020868 kB
  MemFree:          230884 kB
  Buffers:            7600 kB
  Cached:           454772 kB
  SwapCached:          836 kB
  .....

  查看內(nèi)存硬件信息

  dmidecode -t memory
  # dmidecode 2.11
  SMBIOS 2.7 present.

  Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
  Physical Memory Array
      Location: System Board Or Motherboard
  ....
      Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
  ....

  Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
  ....
  Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x0008
      Error Information Handle: Not Provided
      Total Width: 64 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
      Size: 4096 MB
  .....

  我的主板有4個槽位,只用了一個槽位,上面插了一條4096MB的內(nèi)存。

  磁盤

  查看硬盤和分區(qū)分布

  # lsblk
  NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
  sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
  ├─sda1   8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
  ├─sda2   8:2    0   9.3G  0 part [SWAP]
  ├─sda3   8:3    0  74.5G  0 part /
  ├─sda4   8:4    0     1K  0 part
  ├─sda5   8:5    0 111.8G  0 part /home
  └─sda6   8:6    0 269.2G  0 part

  顯示很直觀

  如果要看硬盤和分區(qū)的詳細(xì)信息

  # fdisk -l

  Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
  255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
  Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
  Disk identifier: 0x00023728

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  /dev/sda1   *        2048     2148351     1073152   83  Linux
  /dev/sda2         2148352    21680127     9765888   82  Linux swap / Solaris
  /dev/sda3        21680128   177930239    78125056   83  Linux
  /dev/sda4       177932286   976771071   399419393    5  Extended/dev/sda5       177932288   412305407   117186560   83  Linux
  /dev/sda6       412307456   976771071   282231808   83  Linux

  網(wǎng)卡

  查看網(wǎng)卡硬件信息

  # lspci | grep -i 'eth'
  02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)

  查看系統(tǒng)的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

  # ifconfig -a
  eth0      Link encap:以太網(wǎng)  硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f 
            .....

  lo        Link encap:本地環(huán)回 
            .....

  或者是

  ip link show
  1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

  如果要查看某個網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的詳細(xì)信息,例如eth0的詳細(xì)參數(shù)和指標(biāo)

# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
    Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
    Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工,全雙工模式
    Supported pause frame use: No
    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自適應(yīng)模式,一般都支持
    Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
    Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默認(rèn)使用自適應(yīng)模式
    Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                         100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
    .....
    Speed: 100Mb/s #現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)卡的速度是100Mb,網(wǎng)卡使用自適應(yīng)模式,所以推測路由是100Mb,導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)卡從支持千兆,變成要支持百兆
    Duplex: Full   #全雙工
    .....
    Link detected: yes    #表示有網(wǎng)線連接,和路由是通的

  其他

  查看pci信息,即主板所有硬件槽信息。

  lspci
  00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
  00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #顯卡
  00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
  00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
  00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
  00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #聲卡
  00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
  00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)
  00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
  00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
  00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)
  00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口
  00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)
  00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口
  02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #網(wǎng)卡
  03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)

  如果要更詳細(xì)的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv

  如果要看設(shè)備樹:lscpi -t

  查看bios信息

  # dmidecode -t bios
  ......
  BIOS Information
      Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
      Version: 4.6.5
      Release Date: 04/25/2012
      .......
      BIOS Revision: 4.6
  ......

  dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS,既可以得到當(dāng)前的配置,也可以得到系統(tǒng)支持的***配置,比如說支持的***內(nèi)存數(shù)等。

  如果要查看所有有用信息

  dmidecode -q

  里面包含了很多硬件信息。

責(zé)任編輯:黃丹 來源: 博客
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