數(shù)據(jù)庫MySQL如何查找刪除重復(fù)行
當(dāng)你對b字段排序(分組),相同值的c被分到不同的組,因此不能用COUNT(DISTINCT c)來計算大小。COUNT()之類的內(nèi)部函數(shù)只作用于同一個分組,對于不同分組的行就無能為力了。類似,如果排序的是c字段,相同值的b也會分到不同的組,無論如何是不能達(dá)到我們的目的的。
幾種正確的方法
也許最簡單的方法是分別對某個字段查找重復(fù)行,然后用UNION拼在一起,像這樣:
- select b as value, count(*) as cnt, 'b' as what_col
- from a_b_c group by b having count(*) > 1
- union
- select c as value, count(*) as cnt, 'c' as what_col
- from a_b_c group by c having count(*) > 1;
- +-------+-----+----------+
- | value | cnt | what_col |
- +-------+-----+----------+
- | 1 | 3 | b |
- | 2 | 3 | b |
- | 3 | 3 | b |
- | 1 | 3 | c |
- | 2 | 3 | c |
- | 3 | 3 | c |
- +-------+-----+----------+
輸出what_col字段為了提示重復(fù)的是哪個字段。另一個辦法是使用嵌套查詢:
- select a, b, c from a_b_c
- where b in (select b from a_b_c group by b having count(*) > 1)
- or c in (select c from a_b_c group by c having count(*) > 1);
- +----+------+------+
- | a | b | c |
- +----+------+------+
- | 7 | 1 | 1 |
- | 8 | 1 | 2 |
- | 9 | 1 | 3 |
- | 10 | 2 | 1 |
- | 11 | 2 | 2 |
- | 12 | 2 | 3 |
- | 13 | 3 | 1 |
- | 14 | 3 | 2 |
- | 15 | 3 | 3 |
- +----+------+------+
這種方法的效率要比使用UNION低許多,并且顯示每一重復(fù)的行,而不是重復(fù)的字段值。還有一種方法,將自己跟group的嵌套查詢結(jié)果聯(lián)表查詢。寫法比較復(fù)雜,但對于復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)或者對效率有較高要求的情況,是很有必要的。
- select a, a_b_c.b, a_b_c.c
- from a_b_c
- left outer join (
- select b from a_b_c group by b having count(*) > 1
- ) as b on a_b_c.b = b.b
- left outer join (
- select c from a_b_c group by c having count(*) > 1
- ) as c on a_b_c.c = c.c
- where b.b is not null or c.c is not null
以上方法可行,我敢肯定還有其他的方法。如果UNION能用,我想會是最簡單不過的了。