32個(gè)常用 Python 實(shí)現(xiàn)
1、冒泡排序
- lis = [56,12,1,8,354,10,100,34,56,7,23,456,234,-58]
- def sortport():
- for i in range(len(lis)-1):
- for j in range(len(lis)-1-i):
- if lis[j]>lis[j+1]:
- lis[j],lis[j+1] = lis[j+1],lis[j]
- return lis
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- sortport()
- print(lis)
2、計(jì)算x的n次方
- def power(x, n):
- s = 1
- while n > 0:
- n = n - 1
- s = s * x
- return s
調(diào)用方法:
- print(power(2,4))
3、計(jì)算a*a + b*b + c*c + …
- def calc(*numbers):
- sum=0
- for n in numbers:
- sum=sum+n*n
- return sum
- print(calc(2,4,5))
4、計(jì)算階乘 n!
- #方法一
- def fac():
- num = int(input("請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)數(shù)字:"))
- factorial = 1
- #查看數(shù)字是負(fù)數(shù),0或者正數(shù)
- if num<0:
- print("抱歉,負(fù)數(shù)沒有階乘")
- elif num == 0:
- print("0的階乘為1")
- else:
- for i in range(1,num+1):
- factorial = factorial*i
- print("%d的階乘為%d"%(num,factorial))
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- fac()
- #方法二
- def fac():
- num = int(input("請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)數(shù)字:"))
- #查看數(shù)字是負(fù)數(shù),0或者正數(shù)
- if num<0:
- print("抱歉,負(fù)數(shù)沒有階乘")
- elif num == 0:
- print("0的階乘為1")
- else:
- print("%d的階乘為%d"%(num,factorial(num)))
- def factorial(n):
- result = n
- for i in range(1,n):
- result=result*i
- return result
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- fac()
- #方法三
- def fac():
- num = int(input("請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)數(shù)字:"))
- #查看數(shù)字是負(fù)數(shù),0或者正數(shù)
- if num<0:
- print("抱歉,負(fù)數(shù)沒有階乘")
- elif num == 0:
- print("0的階乘為1")
- else:
- print("%d的階乘為%d"%(num,fact(num)))
- def fact(n):
- if n == 1:
- return 1
- return n * fact(n - 1)
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- fac()
5、列出當(dāng)前目錄下的所有文件和目錄名
- import os
- for d in os.listdir('.'):
- print(d)
另外列表推導(dǎo)式代碼:
- [d for d in os.listdir('.')]
6、把一個(gè)list中所有的字符串變成小寫:
- L = ['Hello','World','IBM','Apple']
- for s in L:
- s=s.lower()
- print(s) #將list中每個(gè)字符串都變成小寫,返回每個(gè)字符串
另外列表推導(dǎo)式代碼:
- L = ['Hello','World','IBM','Apple']
- print([s.lower() for s in L])#整個(gè)list所有字符串都變成小寫,返回一個(gè)list
7、輸出某個(gè)路徑下的所有文件和文件夾的路徑
- def print_dir():
- filepath = input("請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)路徑:")
- if filepath == "":
- print("請(qǐng)輸入正確的路徑")
- else:
- for i in os.listdir(filepath): #獲取目錄中的文件及子目錄列表
- print(os.path.join(filepath,i)) #把路徑組合起來
- print(print_dir())
8、輸出某個(gè)路徑及其子目錄下的所有文件路徑
- def show_dir(filepath):
- for i in os.listdir(filepath):
- path = (os.path.join(filepath, i))
- print(path)
- if os.path.isdir(path): #isdir()判斷是否是目錄
- show_dir(path) #如果是目錄,使用遞歸方法
- filepath = "C:Program FilesInternet Explorer"
- show_dir(filepath)
9、輸出某個(gè)路徑及其子目錄下所有以.html為后綴的文件
- def print_dir(filepath):
- for i in os.listdir(filepath):
- path = os.path.join(filepath, i)
- if os.path.isdir(path):
- print_dir(path)
- if path.endswith(".html"):
- print(path)
- filepath = "E:PycharmProjects"
- print_dir(filepath)
10、把原字典的鍵值對(duì)顛倒并生產(chǎn)新的字典
- dict1 = {"A":"a","B":"b","C":"c"}
- dict2 = {y:x for x,y in dict1.items()}
- print(dict2)
- #輸出結(jié)果為{'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C'}
11、打印九九乘法表
- for i in range(1,10):
- for j in range(1,i+1):
- print('%d x %d = %d '%(j,i,i*j),end='') #通過指定end參數(shù)的值,可以取消在末尾輸出回車符,實(shí)現(xiàn)不換行。
- print()
12、替換列表中所有的3為3a
- num = ["harden","lampard",3,34,45,56,76,87,78,45,3,3,3,87686,98,76]
- print(num.count(3))
- print(num.index(3))
- for i in range(num.count(3)): #獲取3出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)
- ele_index = num.index(3) #獲取首次3出現(xiàn)的坐標(biāo)
- num[ele_index]="3a" #修改3為3a
- print(num)
13、打印每個(gè)名字
- L = ["James","Meng","Xin"]
- for i in range(len(L)):
- print("Hello,%s"%L[i])
14、合并去重
- list1 = [2,3,8,4,9,5,6]
- list2 = [5,6,10,17,11,2]
- list3 = list1 + list2
- print(list3) #不去重只進(jìn)行兩個(gè)列表的組合
- print(set(list3)) #去重,類型為set需要轉(zhuǎn)換成list
- print(list(set(list3)))
15、隨機(jī)生成驗(yàn)證碼的兩種方式(數(shù)字字母)
- import random
- list1=[]
- for i in range(65,91):
- list1.append(chr(i)) #通過for循環(huán)遍歷asii追加到空列表中
- for j in range (97,123):
- list1.append(chr(j))
- for k in range(48,58):
- list1.append(chr(k))
- ma = random.sample(list1,6)
- print(ma) #獲取到的為列表
- ma = ''.join(ma) #將列表轉(zhuǎn)化為字符串
- print(ma)
- import random,string
- str1 = "0123456789"
- str2 = string.ascii_letters # string.ascii_letters 包含所有字母(大寫或小寫)的字符串
- str3 = str1+str2
- ma1 = random.sample(str3,6) #多個(gè)字符中選取特定數(shù)量的字符
- ma1 = ''.join(ma1) #使用join拼接轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串
- print(ma1) #通過引入string模塊和random模塊使用現(xiàn)有的方法
16、隨機(jī)數(shù)字小游戲
- #隨機(jī)數(shù)字小游戲
- import random
- i = 1
- a = random.randint(0,100)
- b = int( input('請(qǐng)輸入0-100中的一個(gè)數(shù)字
- 然后查看是否與電腦一樣:'))
- while a != b:
- if a > b:
- print('你第%d輸入的數(shù)字小于電腦隨機(jī)數(shù)字'%i)
- b = int(input('請(qǐng)?jiān)俅屋斎霐?shù)字:'))
- else:
- print('你第%d輸入的數(shù)字大于電腦隨機(jī)數(shù)字'%i)
- b = int(input('請(qǐng)?jiān)俅屋斎霐?shù)字:'))
- i+=1
- else:
- print('恭喜你,你第%d次輸入的數(shù)字與電腦的隨機(jī)數(shù)字%d一樣'%(i,b))
17、計(jì)算平方根
- num = float(input('請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)數(shù)字:'))
- num_sqrt = num ** 0.5
- print('%0.2f 的平方根為%0.2f'%(num,num_sqrt))
18、判斷字符串是否只由數(shù)字組成
- #方法一
- def is_number(s):
- try:
- float(s)
- return True
- except ValueError:
- pass
- try:
- import unicodedata
- unicodedata.numeric(s)
- return True
- except(TypeError,ValueError):
- pass
- return False
- t="a12d3"
- print(is_number(t))
- #方法二
- t = "q123"
- print(t.isdigit()) #檢測(cè)字符串是否只由數(shù)字組成
- #方法三
- t = "123"
- print(t.isnumeric()) #檢測(cè)字符串是否只由數(shù)字組成,這種方法是只針對(duì)unicode對(duì)象
19、判斷奇偶數(shù)
- #方法一
- num = int(input('請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)數(shù)字:'))
- if (num % 2) == 0:
- print("{0}是偶數(shù)".format(num))
- else:
- print("{0}是奇數(shù)".format(num))
- #方法二
- while True:
- try:
- num = int(input('請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)整數(shù):')) #判斷輸入是否為整數(shù),不是純數(shù)字需要重新輸入
- except ValueError:
- print("輸入的不是整數(shù)!")
- continue
- if (num % 2) == 0:
- print("{0}是偶數(shù)".format(num))
- else:
- print("{0}是奇數(shù)".format(num))
- break
20、判斷閏年
- #方法一
- year = int(input("請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)年份:"))
- if (year % 4) == 0:
- if (year % 100) == 0:
- if(year % 400) ==0:
- print("{0}是閏年".format(year)) #整百年能被400整除的是閏年
- else:
- print("{0}不是閏年".format(year))
- else:
- print("{0}是閏年".format(year)) #非整百年能被4整除的為閏年
- else:
- print("{0}不是閏年".format(year))
- #方法二
- year = int(input("請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)年份:"))
- if (year % 4) == 0 and (year % 100)!=0 or (year % 400) == 0:
- print("{0}是閏年".format(year))
- else:
- print("{0}不是閏年".format(year))
- #方法三
- import calendar
- year = int(input("請(qǐng)輸入年份:"))
- check_year=calendar.isleap(year)
- if check_year == True:
- print("%d是閏年"%year)
- else:
- print("%d是平年"%year)
21、獲取最大值
- N = int(input('輸入需要對(duì)比大小的數(shù)字的個(gè)數(shù):'))
- print("請(qǐng)輸入需要對(duì)比的數(shù)字:")
- num = []
- for i in range(1,N+1):
- temp = int(input('請(qǐng)輸入第%d個(gè)數(shù)字:'%i))
- num.append(temp)
- print('您輸入的數(shù)字為:',num)
- print('最大值為:',max(num))
- N = int(input('輸入需要對(duì)比大小的數(shù)字的個(gè)數(shù):
- '))
- num = [int(input('請(qǐng)輸入第%d個(gè)數(shù)字:
- '%i))for i in range(1,N+1)]
- print('您輸入的數(shù)字為:',num)
- print('最大值為:',max(num))
22、斐波那契數(shù)列
斐波那契數(shù)列指的是這樣一個(gè)數(shù)列 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13;特別指出:第0項(xiàng)是0,第1項(xiàng)是第一個(gè)1。從第三項(xiàng)開始,每一項(xiàng)都等于前兩項(xiàng)之和。
- # 判斷輸入的值是否合法
- if nterms <= 0:
- print("請(qǐng)輸入一個(gè)正整數(shù)。")
- elif nterms == 1:
- print("斐波那契數(shù)列:")
- print(n1)
- else:
- print("斐波那契數(shù)列:")
- print(n1, ",", n2, end=" , ")
- while count < nterms:
- nth = n1 + n2
- print(n1+n2, end=" , ")
- # 更新值
- n1 = n2
- n2 = nth
- count += 1
23、十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)二進(jìn)制、八進(jìn)制、十六進(jìn)制
- # 獲取輸入十進(jìn)制數(shù)
- dec = int(input("輸入數(shù)字:"))
- print("十進(jìn)制數(shù)為:", dec)
- print("轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制為:", bin(dec))
- print("轉(zhuǎn)換為八進(jìn)制為:", oct(dec))
- print("轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進(jìn)制為:", hex(dec))
24、最大公約數(shù)
- def hcf(x, y):
- """該函數(shù)返回兩個(gè)數(shù)的最大公約數(shù)"""
- # 獲取最小值
- if x > y:
- smaller = y
- else:
- smaller = x
- for i in range(1, smaller + 1):
- if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
- hcf = i
- return hcf
- # 用戶輸入兩個(gè)數(shù)字
- num1 = int(input("輸入第一個(gè)數(shù)字: "))
- num2 = int(input("輸入第二個(gè)數(shù)字: "))
- print(num1, "和", num2, "的最大公約數(shù)為", hcf(num1, num2))
25、最小公倍數(shù)
- # 定義函數(shù)
- def lcm(x, y):
- # 獲取最大的數(shù)
- if x > y:
- greater = x
- else:
- greater = y
- while(True):
- if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):
- lcm = greater
- break
- greater += 1
- return lcm
- # 獲取用戶輸入
- num1 = int(input("輸入第一個(gè)數(shù)字: "))
- num2 = int(input("輸入第二個(gè)數(shù)字: "))
- print( num1,"和", num2,"的最小公倍數(shù)為", lcm(num1, num2))
26、簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算器
- # 定義函數(shù)
- def add(x, y):
- """相加"""
- return x + y
- def subtract(x, y):
- """相減"""
- return x - y
- def multiply(x, y):
- """相乘"""
- return x * y
- def divide(x, y):
- """相除"""
- return x / y
- # 用戶輸入
- print("選擇運(yùn)算:")
- print("1、相加")
- print("2、相減")
- print("3、相乘")
- print("4、相除")
- choice = input("輸入你的選擇(1/2/3/4):")
- num1 = int(input("輸入第一個(gè)數(shù)字: "))
- num2 = int(input("輸入第二個(gè)數(shù)字: "))
- if choice == '1':
- print(num1, "+", num2, "=", add(num1, num2))
- elif choice == '2':
- print(num1, "-", num2, "=", subtract(num1, num2))
- elif choice == '3':
- print(num1, "*", num2, "=", multiply(num1, num2))
- elif choice == '4':
- if num2 != 0:
- print(num1, "/", num2, "=", divide(num1, num2))
- else:
- print("分母不能為0")
- else:
- print("非法輸入")
27、生成日歷
- # 引入日歷模塊
- import calendar
- # 輸入指定年月
- yy = int(input("輸入年份: "))
- mm = int(input("輸入月份: "))
- # 顯示日歷
- print(calendar.month(yy, mm))
28、文件IO
- # 寫文件
- with open("test.txt", "wt") as out_file:
- out_file.write("該文本會(huì)寫入到文件中
- 看到我了吧!")
- # Read a file
- with open("test.txt", "rt") as in_file:
- text = in_file.read()
- print(text)
29、字符串判斷
- # 測(cè)試實(shí)例一
- print("測(cè)試實(shí)例一")
- str = "runoob.com"
- print(str.isalnum()) # 判斷所有字符都是數(shù)字或者字母
- print(str.isalpha()) # 判斷所有字符都是字母
- print(str.isdigit()) # 判斷所有字符都是數(shù)字
- print(str.islower()) # 判斷所有字符都是小寫
- print(str.isupper()) # 判斷所有字符都是大寫
- print(str.istitle()) # 判斷所有單詞都是首字母大寫,像標(biāo)題
- print(str.isspace()) # 判斷所有字符都是空白字符、 、
- 、
- print("------------------------")
- # 測(cè)試實(shí)例二
- print("測(cè)試實(shí)例二")
- str = "Bake corN"
- print(str.isalnum())
- print(str.isalpha())
- print(str.isdigit())
- print(str.islower())
- print(str.isupper())
- print(str.istitle())
- print(str.isspace())
30、字符串大小寫轉(zhuǎn)換
- str = "https://www.cnblogs.com/ailiailan/"
- print(str.upper()) # 把所有字符中的小寫字母轉(zhuǎn)換成大寫字母
- print(str.lower()) # 把所有字符中的大寫字母轉(zhuǎn)換成小寫字母
- print(str.capitalize()) # 把第一個(gè)字母轉(zhuǎn)化為大寫字母,其余小寫
- print(str.title()) # 把每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母轉(zhuǎn)化為大寫,其余小寫
31、計(jì)算每個(gè)月天數(shù)
- import calendar
- monthRange = calendar.monthrange(2016,9)
- print(monthRange)
32、獲取昨天的日期
- # 引入 datetime 模塊
- import datetime
- def getYesterday():
- today=datetime.date.today()
- oneday=datetime.timedelta(days=1)
- yesterday=today-oneday
- return yesterday
- # 輸出
- print(getYesterday())