17 個案例帶你 5 分鐘搞定 Linux 正則表達(dá)式
正則表達(dá)式是一種字符模式,用于在查找過程中匹配制定的字符。
元字符通常在Linux中分為兩類:
- Shell元字符,由Linux Shell進(jìn)行解析;
- 正則表達(dá)式元字符,由vi/grep/sed/awk等文本處理工具進(jìn)行解析;
正則表達(dá)式一般以文本行進(jìn)行處理,在進(jìn)行下面實例之前,先為grep命令設(shè)置—color參數(shù):
- $ alias grep='grep --color=auto'
這樣每次過濾出來的字符串都會帶色彩了。
在開始之前還需要做一件事情,就是創(chuàng)建一個測試用的re-file文件,內(nèi)容如下:
- $ cat re-file
- I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
- Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
- the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
- I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
- is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
- groove.
正則表達(dá)式元字符
特殊的元字符
擴(kuò)展的正則表達(dá)式
實操
匹配以love開頭的所有行
- $ grep '^love' re-file
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
匹配love結(jié)尾的所有行
- $ grep 'love$' re-file
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配以l開頭,中間包含兩個字符,結(jié)尾是e的所有行
- $ grep 'l..e' re-file
- I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
- the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
- I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
- is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
匹配0個或多個空行,后面是love的字符
- $ grep ' *love' re-file
- I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
- the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
- I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配love或Love
- $ grep '[Ll]ove' re-file # 對l不區(qū)分大小寫
- I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
- Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
- the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
- I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配A-Z的字母,其次是ove
- $ grep '[A-Z]ove' re-file
- Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
匹配不在A-Z范圍內(nèi)的任何字符行,所有的小寫字符
- $ grep '[^A-Z]' re-file
- I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
- Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
- the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
- I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
- is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
- groove.
匹配love.
- $ grep 'love.' re-file
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
匹配空格
- $ grep '^$' re-file
匹配任意字符
- $ grep '.*' re-file
- I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
- Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
- the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
- I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
- is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
- groove.
前面o字符重復(fù)2到4次
- $ grep 'o{2,4}' re-file
- groove.
重復(fù)o字符至少2次
- $ grep 'o{2,}' re-file
- groove.
重復(fù)0字符最多2次
- $ grep 'o{,2}' re-file
- I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
- Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
- love, how much I adore you. Do you know
- the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
- I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
- clover. Did you see them? I can only hope love.
- is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
- groove.
重復(fù)前一個字符一個或一個以
- $ egrep "go+d" linux.txt
- Linux is a good
- god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
- gooodfs awrerdxxhkl
- good
0個或者一個字符
- ansheng@Ubuntu:/tmp$ egrep "go?d" linux.txt
- god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
- gdsystem awxxxx
或,查找多個字符串
- $ egrep "gd|good" linux.txt
- Linux is a good
- gdsystem awxxxx
- good
分組過濾匹配
- $ egrep "g(la|oo)d" linux.txt
- Linux is a good
- glad
- good