Linux操作系統(tǒng)基礎的網(wǎng)絡管理知識
今天的筆記主要是關于Linux操作系統(tǒng)基礎的相關知識。
網(wǎng)絡管理
(1) 網(wǎng)絡狀態(tài)查看
在Linux中經(jīng)常使用ifconfig,route和netstat查看網(wǎng)絡狀態(tài),它們就是. net-tools工具,下面我來使用下。

我就說下ifconfig和route。
在我們的linux中有很多網(wǎng)卡接口,比如eth0第一塊網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)絡接口,eno1板載⽹網(wǎng)卡, ens33 PCI-E⽹網(wǎng)卡 。CentOS 7 使⽤用了⼀致性⽹絡設備命名,以上都不匹配,則使⽤ eth0
- [root@node01 ~]# ifconfig eth0
- eth0: error fetching interface information: Device not found
- [root@node01 ~]# ifconfig ens33
- ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
- inet 192.168.92.90 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.92.255
- inet6 fe80::b889:1772:c306:ef8f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
- ether 00:0c:29:07:43:5a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
- RX packets 910 bytes 954985 (932.6 KiB)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 450 bytes 38942 (38.0 KiB)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
(2) 網(wǎng)絡配置文件
ifcfg-eth0,/etc/hosts
在配置hadoop,elasticsearch集群的時候需要在/etc/hosts配置集群IP和主機名,有時候你ping不了百度,可能域名解析不了,需要在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0配置
- [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
- #########
- HOSTNAME=node01
- [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
- #########
- 192.168.92.90 node01
- 192.168.92.91 node02
- 192.168.92.92 node03
- [root@node01 ~]# 配置DNS,域名解析服務
- [root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
- DNS1=202.106.0.20
- DNS2=8.8.8.8
(3) 故障排除命令
第一,ping百度:查看目標機器的網(wǎng)絡是否可通
- maoli@ubuntu:~$ ping baidu.com
- PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=49.6 ms
- 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=48.2 ms
- ^C
- --- baidu.com ping statistics ---
- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 48.223/48.948/49.673/0.725 ms
traceroute
- nslookup:nslookup www.baidu.com Server即為域名對應的ip
- maoli@ubuntu:~$ nslookup www.baidu.com
- Server: 127.0.1.1
- Address: 127.0.1.1#53
- Non-authoritative answer:
- www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
- Name: www.a.shifen.com
- Address: 182.61.200.6
- Name: www.a.shifen.com
- Address: 182.61.200.7
- maoli@ubuntu:~$ sudo tcpdump -i any -n port 80 -n
- tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
- listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 262144 bytes
- 10:28:11.003675 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [S], seq 185886164, win 64240, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0
- 10:28:11.003875 IP 192.168.92.135.80 > 192.168.92.1.53951: Flags [S.], seq 2863640054, ack 185886165, win 64240, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0
- 10:28:11.004114 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 4106, length 0
- 10:28:11.010472 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:476, ack 1, win 4106, length 475: HTTP: GET /sqli-labs/ HTTP/1.1
- maoli@ubuntu:~$ sudo netstat -ntlp
- 激活Internet連接 (僅服務器)
- Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
- tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1111/sshd
- tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14200/cupsd
- tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1148/mysqld
- tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1165/redis-server 1
- tcp 0 0 127.0.1.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1285/dnsmasq
- tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1111/sshd
- tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 14200/cupsd
- tcp6 0 0 :::9000 :::* LISTEN 2234/docker-proxy
- tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1842/apache2
(4) 網(wǎng)絡服務管理
⽹絡服務管理程序分為兩種,分別為SysV和systemd。現(xiàn)在Systemd已經(jīng)基本取代了SysV的Init。
(5) 設置靜態(tài)ip
在搭建任何集群,都是要設置靜態(tài)ip的。
- [root@node01]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
- ################
- BOOTPROTO=static
- ONBOOT="yes"
- # 網(wǎng)關地址根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡而定
- GATEWAY=192.168.92.2
- # 設置的靜態(tài)ip
- IPADDR=192.168.92.92
- NETMASK=255.255.255.0
- # 配置DNS服務器
- DNS1=8.8.8.8
- DNS2=8.8.4.4