Spring事務(wù)超時(shí)到底是怎么回事?
環(huán)境:Spring5.3.23
Spring事務(wù)超時(shí)是指一個(gè)事務(wù)在執(zhí)行中最長的允許時(shí)間。如果事務(wù)在超時(shí)時(shí)間內(nèi)未能完成,則會(huì)自動(dòng)回滾。超時(shí)時(shí)間可以通過設(shè)置來控制,以確保事務(wù)在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成或回滾,避免數(shù)據(jù)一致性問題。
在工作中你有配置事務(wù)的超時(shí)時(shí)間嗎?如何進(jìn)行配置事務(wù)超時(shí)時(shí)間?
1. 配置事務(wù)超時(shí)時(shí)間
注解方式:
// 這里單位是s
@Transactional(timeout = 2)
public void save() {
}
編程方式1:
@Resource
private PlatformTransactionManager tm ;
DefaultTransactionDefinition definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
definition.setTimeout(2) ;
編程方式2:
@Resource
private PlatformTransactionManager tm ;
public void update() {
TransactionTemplate template = new TransactionTemplate(tm) ;
template.setTimeout(2) ;
template.execute(new TransactionCallback<Object>() {
@Override
public Object doInTransaction(TransactionStatus status) {
// ...
return null ;
}
}) ;
}
以上3種方式讀可以進(jìn)行事務(wù)超時(shí)的設(shè)置,什么情況下才能算是事務(wù)超時(shí)呢?
2. 準(zhǔn)備環(huán)境
準(zhǔn)備一張2000w數(shù)據(jù)的表
圖片
表字段信息如下:
圖片
此表除主鍵外沒有任何的索引。
圖片
3. 模擬事務(wù)超時(shí)
- 測試1
統(tǒng)計(jì)查詢表的數(shù)據(jù)量,將該操作放到一個(gè)事務(wù)中,同時(shí)設(shè)置事務(wù)的超時(shí)時(shí)間。
// 將超時(shí)時(shí)間設(shè)置為20s
@Transactional(timeout = 20)
public void query() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
jdbcTemplate.execute("select count(*) from p_user") ;
System.out.println("耗時(shí):" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "毫秒") ;
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
耗時(shí):3198毫秒
接下來將超時(shí)時(shí)間改成3s
執(zhí)行結(jié)果如下:
13:56:01.425 [main] WARN c.zaxxer.hikari.pool.ProxyConnection - HikariPool-1 - Connection com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@504ecd marked as broken because of SQLSTATE(null), ErrorCode(0)
com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLTimeoutException: Statement cancelled due to timeout or client request
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:113)
at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.StatementImpl.checkCancelTimeout(StatementImpl.java:2167)
從異常信息看到拋出了超時(shí)異常。這里的超時(shí)是sql執(zhí)行的超時(shí),是由我們的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序拋出的異常。
- 測試2
模擬其它非數(shù)據(jù)庫操作耗時(shí),而這個(gè)是在執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作之前
@Transactional(timeout = 2)
public void query() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3) ;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 執(zhí)行非常簡單的操作
jdbcTemplate.execute("select 1") ;
System.out.println("耗時(shí):" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "毫秒") ;
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
14:08:44.000 [main] DEBUG o.s.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate - Executing SQL statement [select 1]
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.transaction.TransactionTimedOutException: Transaction timed out: deadline was Wed Oct 11 14:08:42 CST 2023
at org.springframework.transaction.support.ResourceHolderSupport.checkTransactionTimeout(ResourceHolderSupport.java:155)
拋出了超時(shí)異常,而這個(gè)異常是由Spring框架拋出的。
- 測試3
模擬其它非數(shù)據(jù)庫操作耗時(shí),而這個(gè)是在執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫操作之后,適當(dāng)調(diào)整上面的代碼順序
@Transactional(timeout = 2)
public void query() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
jdbcTemplate.execute("select 1") ;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3) ;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("耗時(shí):" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "毫秒") ;
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
耗時(shí):3015毫秒
程序正常運(yùn)行
- 測試4
在測試3的基礎(chǔ)上,最后再次執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫相關(guān)的操作
@Transactional(timeout = 2)
public void query() {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
jdbcTemplate.execute("select 1") ;
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3) ;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("耗時(shí):" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "毫秒") ;
// 再次執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫相關(guān)操作
jdbcTemplate.execute("select 1") ;
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果:
耗時(shí):3024毫秒
14:14:38.257 [main] DEBUG o.s.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate - Executing SQL statement [select 1]
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.transaction.TransactionTimedOutException: Transaction timed out: deadline was Wed Oct 11 14:14:37 CST 2023
at org.springframework.transaction.support.ResourceHolderSupport.checkTransactionTimeout(ResourceHolderSupport.java:155)
第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫操作,沒有拋出異常,直到第二個(gè)執(zhí)行時(shí)拋出了異常。
總結(jié): 事務(wù)方法開始執(zhí)行時(shí)就開始計(jì)時(shí),在執(zhí)行到數(shù)據(jù)庫操作時(shí)判斷當(dāng)前的執(zhí)行時(shí)間點(diǎn)是否已經(jīng)超過了設(shè)置的超時(shí)時(shí)間,如果是則拋出Timeout異常。
4. 事務(wù)超時(shí)原理
在開始一個(gè)事務(wù)時(shí)會(huì)在DataSourceTransactionManager#doBegin方法中設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間
protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
// 如果注解@Transactional中設(shè)置了timeout,則設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間
txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
}
}
protected int determineTimeout(TransactionDefinition definition) {
if (definition.getTimeout() != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
return definition.getTimeout();
}
return getDefaultTimeout();
}
當(dāng)通過JdbcTemplate操作數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí),還會(huì)執(zhí)行如下操作
public class JdbcTemplate {
private <T> T execute(StatementCallback<T> action, boolean closeResources) {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt = con.createStatement();
// 配置Statement對象,這其中會(huì)設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間
applyStatementSettings(stmt);
// ...
return result;
}
}
protected void applyStatementSettings(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
// ...
// getQueryTimeout方法返回的是當(dāng)前JdbcTemplate對象中設(shè)置d餓超時(shí)時(shí)間
DataSourceUtils.applyTimeout(stmt, getDataSource(), getQueryTimeout());
}
}
DataSourceUtils工具類
public abstract class DataSourceUtils {
public static void applyTimeout(Statement stmt, @Nullable DataSource dataSource, int timeout) throws SQLException {
ConnectionHolder holder = null;
if (dataSource != null) {
holder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource);
}
// 如果當(dāng)前事務(wù)執(zhí)行配置了超時(shí)時(shí)間
if (holder != null && holder.hasTimeout()) {
// 剩余事務(wù)超時(shí)將覆蓋指定的值。
stmt.setQueryTimeout(holder.getTimeToLiveInSeconds());
}
else if (timeout >= 0) {
// No current transaction timeout -> apply specified value.
stmt.setQueryTimeout(timeout);
}
}
}
ResourceHolderSupport類
public abstract class ResourceHolderSupport implements ResourceHolder {
public int getTimeToLiveInSeconds() {
double diff = ((double) getTimeToLiveInMillis()) / 1000;
int secs = (int) Math.ceil(diff);
// 檢查超時(shí)時(shí)間
checkTransactionTimeout(secs <= 0);
return secs;
}
private void checkTransactionTimeout(boolean deadlineReached) throws TransactionTimedOutException {
if (deadlineReached) {
// 設(shè)置事務(wù)回滾
setRollbackOnly();
// 拋出異常
throw new TransactionTimedOutException("Transaction timed out: deadline was " + this.deadline);
}
}
}
完畢!??!