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Spring Boot 性能太差?試試這幾招!

開(kāi)發(fā) 前端
supplyAsync 用于提供返回值的情況,CompletableFuture 還有一個(gè)不需要返回值的異步調(diào)用方法 runAsync(Runnable runnable),一般我們?cè)趦?yōu)化 Controller 時(shí),使用這個(gè)方法比較多。

今天這篇文章介紹七種常見(jiàn)的Spring Boot 性能優(yōu)化方向。

1. 異步執(zhí)行

實(shí)現(xiàn)方式二種:

  • 使用異步注解 @Aysnc、啟動(dòng)類:添加 @EnableAsync 注解。
  • JDK 8 本身有一個(gè)非常好用的 Future 類——CompletableFuture。
@AllArgsConstructor  
public class AskThread implements Runnable{  
    private CompletableFuture<Integer> re = null;  
  
    public void run() {  
        int myRe = 0;  
        try {  
            myRe = re.get() * re.get();  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        System.out.println(myRe);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {  
        final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();  
        new Thread(new AskThread(future)).start();  
        //模擬長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的計(jì)算過(guò)程  
        Thread.sleep(1000);  
        //告知完成結(jié)果  
        future.complete(60);  
    }  
}

在該示例中,啟動(dòng)一個(gè)線程,此時(shí) AskThread 對(duì)象還沒(méi)有拿到它需要的數(shù)據(jù),執(zhí)行到 myRe = re.get() * re.get() 會(huì)阻塞。

我們用休眠 1 秒來(lái)模擬一個(gè)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的計(jì)算過(guò)程,并將計(jì)算結(jié)果告訴 future 執(zhí)行結(jié)果,AskThread 線程將會(huì)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。

public class Calc {  
    public static Integer calc(Integer para) {  
        try {  
            //模擬一個(gè)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的執(zhí)行  
            Thread.sleep(1000);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return para * para;  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {  
        final CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))  
                .thenApply((i) -> Integer.toString(i))  
                .thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")  
                .thenAccept(System.out::println);  
        future.get();  
    }  
}

CompletableFuture.supplyAsync 方法構(gòu)造一個(gè) CompletableFuture 實(shí)例,在 supplyAsync() 方法中,它會(huì)在一個(gè)新線程中,執(zhí)行傳入的參數(shù)。

在這里它會(huì)執(zhí)行 calc() 方法,這個(gè)方法可能是比較慢的,但這并不影響 CompletableFuture 實(shí)例的構(gòu)造速度,supplyAsync() 會(huì)立即返回。

而返回的 CompletableFuture 實(shí)例就可以作為這次調(diào)用的契約,在將來(lái)任何場(chǎng)合,用于獲得最終的計(jì)算結(jié)果。

supplyAsync 用于提供返回值的情況,CompletableFuture 還有一個(gè)不需要返回值的異步調(diào)用方法 runAsync(Runnable runnable),一般我們?cè)趦?yōu)化 Controller 時(shí),使用這個(gè)方法比較多。

這兩個(gè)方法如果在不指定線程池的情況下,都是在 ForkJoinPool.common 線程池中執(zhí)行,而這個(gè)線程池中的所有線程都是 Daemon(守護(hù))線程,所以,當(dāng)主線程結(jié)束時(shí),這些線程無(wú)論執(zhí)行完畢都會(huì)退出系統(tǒng)。

核心代碼:

CompletableFuture.runAsync(() ->  
   this.afterBetProcessor(betRequest,betDetailResult,appUser,id)  
);

異步調(diào)用使用 Callable 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn):

@RestController    
public class HelloController {  
  
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);  
  
    @Autowired    
    private HelloService hello;  
  
    @GetMapping("/helloworld")  
    public String helloWorldController() {  
        return hello.sayHello();  
    }  
  
    /**  
     * 異步調(diào)用restful  
     * 當(dāng)controller返回值是Callable的時(shí)候,springmvc就會(huì)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)線程將Callable交給TaskExecutor去處理  
     * 然后DispatcherServlet還有所有的spring攔截器都退出主線程,然后把response保持打開(kāi)的狀態(tài)  
     * 當(dāng)Callable執(zhí)行結(jié)束之后,springmvc就會(huì)重新啟動(dòng)分配一個(gè)request請(qǐng)求,然后DispatcherServlet就重新  
     * 調(diào)用和處理Callable異步執(zhí)行的返回結(jié)果, 然后返回視圖  
     *  
     * @return  
     */    
    @GetMapping("/hello")  
    public Callable<String> helloController() {  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 進(jìn)入helloController方法");  
        Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() {  
  
            @Override    
            public String call() throws Exception {  
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 進(jìn)入call方法");  
                String say = hello.sayHello();  
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 從helloService方法返回");  
                return say;  
            }  
        };  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 從helloController方法返回");  
        return callable;  
    }  
}

異步調(diào)用的方式 WebAsyncTask:

@RestController    
public class HelloController {  
  
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);  
  
    @Autowired    
    private HelloService hello;  
  
        /**  
     * 帶超時(shí)時(shí)間的異步請(qǐng)求 通過(guò)WebAsyncTask自定義客戶端超時(shí)間  
     *  
     * @return  
     */    
    @GetMapping("/world")  
    public WebAsyncTask<String> worldController() {  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 進(jìn)入helloController方法");  
  
        // 3s鐘沒(méi)返回,則認(rèn)為超時(shí)  
        WebAsyncTask<String> webAsyncTask = new WebAsyncTask<>(3000, new Callable<String>() {  
  
            @Override    
            public String call() throws Exception {  
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 進(jìn)入call方法");  
                String say = hello.sayHello();  
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 從helloService方法返回");  
                return say;  
            }  
        });  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 從helloController方法返回");  
  
        webAsyncTask.onCompletion(new Runnable() {  
  
            @Override    
            public void run() {  
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 執(zhí)行完畢");  
            }  
        });  
  
        webAsyncTask.onTimeout(new Callable<String>() {  
  
            @Override    
            public String call() throws Exception {  
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");  
                // 超時(shí)的時(shí)候,直接拋異常,讓外層統(tǒng)一處理超時(shí)異常  
                throw new TimeoutException("調(diào)用超時(shí)");  
            }  
        });  
        return webAsyncTask;  
    }  
  
    /**  
     * 異步調(diào)用,異常處理,詳細(xì)的處理流程見(jiàn)MyExceptionHandler類  
     *  
     * @return  
     */    
    @GetMapping("/exception")  
    public WebAsyncTask<String> exceptionController() {  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 進(jìn)入helloController方法");  
        Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() {  
  
            @Override    
            public String call() throws Exception {  
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 進(jìn)入call方法");  
                throw new TimeoutException("調(diào)用超時(shí)!");  
            }  
        };  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 從helloController方法返回");  
        return new WebAsyncTask<>(20000, callable);  
    }  
  
}

2. 增加內(nèi)嵌 Tomcat 的最大連接數(shù)

代碼如下:

@Configuration  
public class TomcatConfig {  
    @Bean  
    public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory webServerFactory() {  
        TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();  
        tomcatFactory.addConnectorCustomizers(new MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer());  
        tomcatFactory.setPort(8005);  
        tomcatFactory.setContextPath("/api-g");  
        return tomcatFactory;  
    }  
    class MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer implements TomcatConnectorCustomizer {  
        public void customize(Connector connector) {  
            Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();  
            //設(shè)置最大連接數(shù)  
            protocol.setMaxConnections(20000);  
            //設(shè)置最大線程數(shù)  
            protocol.setMaxThreads(2000);  
            protocol.setConnectionTimeout(30000);  
        }  
    }  
  
}

3. 使用 @ComponentScan()

使用 @ComponentScan() 定位掃包比 @SpringBootApplication 掃包更快。

4. 默認(rèn) Tomcat 容器改為 Undertow

默認(rèn) Tomcat 容器改為 Undertow(Jboss 下的服務(wù)器,Tomcat 吞吐量 5000,Undertow 吞吐量 8000)

<exclusions>  
  <exclusion>  
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>  
  </exclusion>  
</exclusions>

改為:

<dependency>  
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>  
</dependency>

5. 使用 BufferedWriter 進(jìn)行緩沖

這里不給大家舉例,可自行嘗試。

6. Deferred 方式實(shí)現(xiàn)異步調(diào)用

代碼如下:

@RestController  
public class AsyncDeferredController {  
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());  
    private final LongTimeTask taskService;  
  
    @Autowired  
    public AsyncDeferredController(LongTimeTask taskService) {  
        this.taskService = taskService;  
    }  
  
    @GetMapping("/deferred")  
    public DeferredResult<String> executeSlowTask() {  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "進(jìn)入executeSlowTask方法");  
        DeferredResult<String> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>();  
        // 調(diào)用長(zhǎng)時(shí)間執(zhí)行任務(wù)  
        taskService.execute(deferredResult);  
        // 當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間任務(wù)中使用deferred.setResult("world");這個(gè)方法時(shí),會(huì)從長(zhǎng)時(shí)間任務(wù)中返回,繼續(xù)controller里面的流程  
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "從executeSlowTask方法返回");  
        // 超時(shí)的回調(diào)方法  
        deferredResult.onTimeout(new Runnable(){  
  
   @Override  
   public void run() {  
    logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");  
    // 返回超時(shí)信息  
    deferredResult.setErrorResult("time out!");  
   }  
  });  
  
        // 處理完成的回調(diào)方法,無(wú)論是超時(shí)還是處理成功,都會(huì)進(jìn)入這個(gè)回調(diào)方法  
        deferredResult.onCompletion(new Runnable(){  
  
   @Override  
   public void run() {  
    logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onCompletion");  
   }  
  });  
  
        return deferredResult;  
    }  
}

7. 異步調(diào)用可以使用 AsyncHandlerInterceptor 進(jìn)行攔截

代碼如下:

@Component  
public class MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor implements AsyncHandlerInterceptor {  
  
 private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor.class);  
  
 @Override  
 public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)  
   throws Exception {  
  return true;  
 }  
  
 @Override  
 public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,  
   ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {  
// HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;  
  logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "服務(wù)調(diào)用完成,返回結(jié)果給客戶端");  
 }  
  
 @Override  
 public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)  
   throws Exception {  
  if(null != ex){  
   System.out.println("發(fā)生異常:"+ex.getMessage());  
  }  
 }  
  
 @Override  
 public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)  
   throws Exception {  
  
  // 攔截之后,重新寫回?cái)?shù)據(jù),將原來(lái)的hello world換成如下字符串  
  String resp = "my name is chhliu!";  
  response.setContentLength(resp.length());  
  response.getOutputStream().write(resp.getBytes());  
  
  logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 進(jìn)入afterConcurrentHandlingStarted方法");  
 }  
  
}

責(zé)任編輯:武曉燕 來(lái)源: 碼猿技術(shù)專欄
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