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如何處理大數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel導(dǎo)出功能?

大數(shù)據(jù)
在使用Spring Boot和MyBatis進(jìn)行報(bào)表導(dǎo)出功能開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí),處理大數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel文件(從幾十兆到幾個(gè)G)的導(dǎo)出是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)而又具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。本文將詳細(xì)介紹如何高效地處理大數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel導(dǎo)出,包括如何生成Excel文件并導(dǎo)出,同時(shí)通過(guò)接口向前端返回進(jìn)度信息。

在使用Spring Boot和MyBatis進(jìn)行報(bào)表導(dǎo)出功能開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí),處理大數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel文件(從幾十兆到幾個(gè)G)的導(dǎo)出是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)而又具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。本文將詳細(xì)介紹如何高效地處理大數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel導(dǎo)出,包括如何生成Excel文件并導(dǎo)出,同時(shí)通過(guò)接口向前端返回進(jìn)度信息。

1. 使用合適的Excel處理庫(kù)

對(duì)于大數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel文件,選擇合適的Excel處理庫(kù)至關(guān)重要。以下是一些推薦的庫(kù):

  • Apache POI:適用于較小數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel處理。
  • SXSSF (Streaming Usermodel API):Apache POI提供的流式API,可以處理較大數(shù)據(jù)量。
  • EasyExcel:阿里巴巴開(kāi)源的Excel處理庫(kù),內(nèi)存占用較小,適合處理大數(shù)據(jù)量。

在本文中,我們將使用EasyExcel來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)流式寫(xiě)入功能。

2. 分頁(yè)查詢(xún)數(shù)據(jù)

對(duì)于大數(shù)據(jù)量的查詢(xún),建議使用分頁(yè)查詢(xún)來(lái)減小單次查詢(xún)的數(shù)據(jù)量,從而減輕內(nèi)存壓力。在MyBatis的Mapper中實(shí)現(xiàn)分頁(yè)查詢(xún)的方法如下:

@Mapper
public interface DataMapper {
    List<Data> selectData(@Param("offset") int offset, @Param("limit") int limit);
}

3. 流式寫(xiě)入Excel

使用EasyExcel進(jìn)行流式寫(xiě)入,避免一次性將所有數(shù)據(jù)加載到內(nèi)存中,具體實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:

import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.builder.ExcelWriterBuilder;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.builder.ExcelWriterSheetBuilder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


@Service
public class ExportService {


    @Autowired
    private DataMapper dataMapper;


    public void exportLargeData(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("大數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出", "UTF-8");
        response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName + ".xlsx");


        ExcelWriterBuilder writerBuilder = EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), Data.class);
        ExcelWriterSheetBuilder sheetBuilder = writerBuilder.sheet("Sheet1");


        int pageSize = 1000;
        int pageNum = 0;
        List<Data> dataList;


        while (true) {
            dataList = dataMapper.selectData(pageNum * pageSize, pageSize);
            if (dataList.isEmpty()) {
                break;
            }
            sheetBuilder.doWrite(dataList);
            pageNum++;
        }
    }
}

4. 異步處理

對(duì)于非常大的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出任務(wù),建議使用異步處理,并通過(guò)消息隊(duì)列或任務(wù)調(diào)度框架(如Quartz)來(lái)管理導(dǎo)出任務(wù)。使用Spring的@Async注解可以實(shí)現(xiàn)異步處理:

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


@Service
public class ExportService {


    @Autowired
    private DataMapper dataMapper;


    @Async
    public void exportLargeDataAsync(HttpServletResponse response) {
        exportLargeData(response);
    }


    public void exportLargeData(HttpServletResponse response) {
        // 流式寫(xiě)入邏輯
    }
}

在Spring Boot的主配置類(lèi)中啟用異步支持:

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

5. 實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)度推送

為了在執(zhí)行大數(shù)據(jù)量的Excel導(dǎo)出時(shí)向前端返回進(jìn)度信息,我們可以使用WebSocket進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)通信。下面是具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟:

添加WebSocket依賴(lài)

pom.xml中添加WebSocket依賴(lài):

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置WebSocket

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)WebSocket配置類(lèi):

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketHandlerRegistry;


@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addHandler(new ExportProgressHandler(), "/exportProgress").setAllowedOrigins("*");
    }
}

創(chuàng)建WebSocket處理器

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)WebSocket處理器類(lèi):

import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession;
import org.springframework.web.socket.handler.TextWebSocketHandler;
import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;


public class ExportProgressHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler {
    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, WebSocketSession> sessions = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();


    @Override
    public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) {
        sessions.put(session.getId(), session);
    }


    @Override
    public void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws IOException {
        // 處理接收到的消息(如果需要)
    }


    @Override
    public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus status) {
        sessions.remove(session.getId());
    }


    public static void sendProgress(String sessionId, String progress) throws IOException {
        WebSocketSession session = sessions.get(sessionId);
        if (session != null && session.isOpen()) {
            session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(progress));
        }
    }
}

修改導(dǎo)出服務(wù)

在導(dǎo)出服務(wù)中推送進(jìn)度信息:

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;


@Service
public class ExportService {


    @Autowired
    private DataMapper dataMapper;


    @Async
    public void exportLargeDataAsync(HttpServletResponse response, String sessionId) {
        exportLargeData(response, sessionId);
    }


    public void exportLargeData(HttpServletResponse response, String sessionId) {
        // 初始化Excel寫(xiě)入器
        // 設(shè)置分頁(yè)大小
        int pageSize = 1000;
        int pageNum = 0;
        List<Data> dataList;


        while (true) {
            dataList = dataMapper.selectData(pageNum * pageSize, pageSize);
            if (dataList.isEmpty()) {
                break;
            }
            sheetBuilder.doWrite(dataList);


            // 計(jì)算進(jìn)度
            int progress = (pageNum * pageSize * 100) / totalRows;
            try {
                ExportProgressHandler.sendProgress(sessionId, "Progress: " + progress + "%");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }


            pageNum++;
        }
    }
}

前端WebSocket接收進(jìn)度

在前端使用WebSocket接收進(jìn)度信息,例如在JavaScript中:

let socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/exportProgress");


socket.onmessage = function(event) {
    let progress = event.data;
    console.log("Progress: " + progress);
    // 更新前端進(jìn)度條或其他UI
};


function startExport() {
    fetch("/export/start")
        .then(response => response.json())
        .then(data => {
            console.log("Export started");
        });
}

至此,通過(guò)以上步驟,可以使用Spring Boot和MyBatis實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的大數(shù)據(jù)量Excel導(dǎo)出功能,并通過(guò)WebSocket實(shí)時(shí)向前端推送進(jìn)度信息,從而提升用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)。如果對(duì)Redis或其他緩存技術(shù)更熟悉,也可以通過(guò)緩存存儲(chǔ)進(jìn)度信息并定期輪詢(xún)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)似的功能。希望本文對(duì)你有所幫助!

責(zé)任編輯:華軒 來(lái)源: 微技術(shù)之家
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