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我們一起聊聊如何加速無索引表引起的主從延遲數(shù)據(jù)回放

作者：飛魚過天
數(shù)據(jù)庫 其他數(shù)據(jù)庫
加速無索引表的回放主要是針對該表上進(jìn)行 DELETE? 或 UPDATE 操作時有效，而且我們操作的時候要注意是否能記錄binlog日志，保證主從數(shù)據(jù)一致性，當(dāng)從節(jié)點(diǎn)作為數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)即存儲節(jié)點(diǎn)的角色時，要關(guān)注計算節(jié)點(diǎn)即代理層元數(shù)據(jù)與存儲節(jié)點(diǎn)元數(shù)據(jù)的一致性或者是符合計算節(jié)點(diǎn)關(guān)于該表的定義規(guī)則。

一、場景

由于某些原因，客戶現(xiàn)場存在一張 8千萬 的大表，而且該表上無任何索引（也無主鍵），平時該表上 UPDATE 或 DELETE 只操作幾條數(shù)據(jù)。忽然有一天業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行了某種操作，DELETE 2萬 條數(shù)據(jù)，悲劇發(fā)生了，當(dāng)在主庫上執(zhí)行了之后，傳到從庫上之后一直回放，當(dāng)時評估了下可能會回放10天，后來在經(jīng)過業(yè)務(wù)同意之后，對表進(jìn)行操作，用于加速回放日志，處理該問題。

二、處理思路

停掉復(fù)制線程，關(guān)閉 Binlog 日志記錄，添加索引，重啟復(fù)制線程。

三、復(fù)現(xiàn)步驟

1.準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)：

創(chuàng)建庫：

greatsql> CREATE DATABASE qj;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)，準(zhǔn)備一張8千萬數(shù)據(jù)的表：

$ sysbench --db-driver=mysql --mysql-host=192.168.139.230 --mysql-port=3307 --mysql-user=greatsql --mysql-password=GreatSQL@2024 --mysql-db=qj --table_size=80000000 --tables=1 oltp_write_only  prepare
sysbench 1.1.0-df89d34 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3)

Creating table 'sbtest1'...
Inserting 80000000 records into 'sbtest1'
Creating a secondary index on 'sbtest1'...

主節(jié)點(diǎn)修改表結(jié)構(gòu)，將表的索引去掉

greatsql> USE qj
Database changed
greatsqll> ALTER TABLE sbtest1 MODIFY id int not null;

Query OK, 80000000 rows affected (36 min 29.13 sec)
Records: 80000000  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

greatsql> ALTER TABLE sbtest1 DROP key `k_1`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.96 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

greatsql> ALTER TABLE sbtest1 DROP PRIMARY KEY;

Query OK, 80000000 rows affected (14 min 29.31 sec)
Records: 80000000  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

2.模擬延遲：

01.主節(jié)點(diǎn)：

模擬刪除數(shù)據(jù)

greatsql> DELETE FROM qj.sbtest1 WHERE  k<20000;
Query OK, 19894 rows affected (4 min 20.40 sec)

02.從節(jié)點(diǎn)：

等待時間超過DELETE語句的時間，觀察延遲情況，確認(rèn)從節(jié)點(diǎn)可讀可寫

greatsql> SELECT sleep(300);
+------------+
| sleep(300) |
+------------+
|          0 |
+------------+
1 row in set (5 min 0.01 sec)

greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.139.230
                  Master_User: greatsql
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000078
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 953750186
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000231
                Relay_Log_Pos: 949954084
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000078
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 949953874
              Relay_Log_Space: 953750683
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 1345
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1000403307
                  Master_UUID: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:1-163235
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:1-163234
                Auto_Position: 1
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

greatsql> SHOW GLOBAL  VARIABLES LIKE 'read_only';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| read_only     | OFF   |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

03.通過操作從節(jié)點(diǎn)加速日志回放

找到回放線程，KILL掉回放線程，關(guān)閉當(dāng)前會話binlog日志記錄，添加索引，重新啟動復(fù)制回放線程

greatsql> SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+--------+-----------------+----------------------+------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| Id     | User            | Host                 | db   | Command | Time    | State                                                    | Info             | Time_ms    | Rows_sent | Rows_examined |
+--------+-----------------+----------------------+------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------+-----------+---------------+
|      5 | event_scheduler | localhost            | NULL | Daemon  | 2369454 | Waiting on empty queue                                   | NULL             | 2369454039 |         0 |             0 |
|     17 | system user     | connecting host      | NULL | Connect | 2369447 | Waiting for source to send event                         | NULL             | 2369446555 |         0 |             0 |
| 543448 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:48298  | NULL | Sleep   |     110 |                                                          | NULL             |     109832 |         0 |             0 |
| 543500 | greatsql         | 172.17.139.230:35198 | NULL | Sleep   |     586 |                                                          | NULL             |     585885 |         0 |             0 |
| 543588 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:57948  | NULL | Sleep   |      50 |                                                          | NULL             |      49878 |         0 |             0 |
| 543663 | greatsql         | 172.17.139.230:35726 | NULL | Query   |       0 | init                                                     | show processlist |          0 |         0 |             0 |
| 543666 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:58908  | NULL | Sleep   |     290 |                                                          | NULL             |     289861 |         0 |             0 |
| 543708 | system user     |                      | NULL | Query   |     477 | Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | NULL             |     476520 |         0 |             0 |
| 543709 | system user     |                      | qj   | Query   |    1383 | Applying batch of row changes (delete)                   | NULL             |      26102 |         0 |             0 |
| 543710 | system user     |                      | NULL | Connect |     477 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator                    | NULL             |     476570 |         0 |             0 |
| 543711 | system user     |                      | NULL | Connect |     477 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator                    | NULL             |     476569 |         0 |             0 |
| 543712 | system user     |                      | NULL | Connect |     477 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator                    | NULL             |     476568 |         0 |             0 |
| 543714 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:33582  | NULL | Sleep   |     470 |                                                          | NULL             |     469798 |         0 |             0 |
+--------+-----------------+----------------------+------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------+-----------+---------------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

greatsql> KILL 543709;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+--------+-----------------+----------------------+------+---------+---------+----------------------------------+------------------+------------+-----------+---------------+
| Id     | User            | Host                 | db   | Command | Time    | State                            | Info             | Time_ms    | Rows_sent | Rows_examined |
+--------+-----------------+----------------------+------+---------+---------+----------------------------------+------------------+------------+-----------+---------------+
|      5 | event_scheduler | localhost            | NULL | Daemon  | 2369473 | Waiting on empty queue           | NULL             | 2369473241 |         0 |             0 |
|     17 | system user     | connecting host      | NULL | Connect | 2369466 | Waiting for source to send event | NULL             | 2369465757 |         0 |             0 |
| 543448 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:48298  | NULL | Sleep   |     129 |                                  | NULL             |     129034 |         0 |             0 |
| 543500 | greatsql         | 172.17.139.230:35198 | NULL | Sleep   |     605 |                                  | NULL             |     605087 |         0 |             0 |
| 543588 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:57948  | NULL | Sleep   |       9 |                                  | NULL             |       9132 |         0 |             0 |
| 543663 | greatsql         | 172.17.139.230:35726 | NULL | Query   |       0 | init                             | show processlist |          0 |         0 |             0 |
| 543666 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:58908  | NULL | Sleep   |     309 |                                  | NULL             |     309064 |         0 |             0 |
| 543714 | greatsql         | 172.17.136.93:33582  | NULL | Sleep   |     489 |                                  | NULL             |     489000 |         0 |             0 |
+--------+-----------------+----------------------+------+---------+---------+----------------------------------+------------------+------------+-----------+---------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.139.230
                  Master_User: greatsql
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000078
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 953750186
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000231
                Relay_Log_Pos: 949954084
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000078
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: No
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 1317
                   Last_Error: Coordinator stopped because there were error(s) in the worker(s). The most recent failure being: Worker 1 failed executing transaction '1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:163235' at master log binlog.000078, end_log_pos 950241265. See error log and/or performance_schema.replication_applier_status_by_worker table for more details about this failure or others, if any.
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 949953874
              Relay_Log_Space: 953750683
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 1317
               Last_SQL_Error: Coordinator stopped because there were error(s) in the worker(s). The most recent failure being: Worker 1 failed executing transaction '1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:163235' at master log binlog.000078, end_log_pos 950241265. See error log and/or performance_schema.replication_applier_status_by_worker table for more details about this failure or others, if any.
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1000403307
                  Master_UUID: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: 
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 241105 19:06:59
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:1-163235
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:1-163234
                Auto_Position: 1
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

greatsql> SET sql_log_bin=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> ALTER TABLE qj.sbtest1 ADD index tmp_k(k);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (4 min 51.92 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

greatsql> START SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.17.139.230
                  Master_User: greatsql
                  Master_Port: 3307
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000078
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 953750186
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000231
                Relay_Log_Pos: 953750396
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000078
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 953750186
              Relay_Log_Space: 953750683
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1000403307
                  Master_UUID: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:1-163235
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 1d0963e9-85d9-11ef-80e1-00163e28e06a:1-163235
                Auto_Position: 1
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

四、思考

01.如何保持主從一致性

02.正在回放數(shù)據(jù)時，STOP SLAVE 是否會有問題

03.如果主從結(jié)構(gòu)作為數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，上層還有計算節(jié)點(diǎn)該如何保持元數(shù)據(jù)的一致性即計算節(jié)點(diǎn)記錄的表的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的表結(jié)構(gòu)要一致

關(guān)于以上三個問題我的處理方案如下：

1.如何保持主從一致性

#為保持主從表結(jié)構(gòu)一致，主節(jié)點(diǎn)添加索引
greatsql> SET sql_log_bin=0;
greatsql> ALTER TABLE qj.sbtest1 ADD index tmp_k(k);

2.正在回放數(shù)據(jù)時，STOP SLAVE是否會有問題

greatsql> STOP SLAVE --當(dāng)該GTID回放很長時間時，stop可能會很長時間，我們可以采用 kill 線程方式結(jié)束回放
greatsql> SHOW PROCESSLIST; --找到會話ID
greatsql> KILL 會話號
greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS  \G 
-- 添加索引即可

3.如果主從結(jié)構(gòu)作為數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，上層還有計算節(jié)點(diǎn)該如何保持元數(shù)據(jù)的一致性即計算節(jié)點(diǎn)記錄的表的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的表結(jié)構(gòu)要一致

-- 當(dāng)從節(jié)點(diǎn)添加上索引之后，在計算節(jié)點(diǎn)即代理層給表添加索引，當(dāng)然該索引名不要與臨時添加索引名重復(fù)
-- 添加上索引之后，在將從節(jié)點(diǎn)上臨時添加的索引刪除即可
greatsql> STOP SLAVE;
greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G 

greatsql> SET sql_log_bin=0;
greatsql> ALTER table qj.sbtest1 DROP index tmp_k;

greatsql> START SLAVE;
greatsql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G

五、總結(jié)

加速無索引表的回放主要是針對該表上進(jìn)行 DELETE 或 UPDATE 操作時有效，而且我們操作的時候要注意是否能記錄binlog日志，保證主從數(shù)據(jù)一致性，當(dāng)從節(jié)點(diǎn)作為數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)即存儲節(jié)點(diǎn)的角色時，要關(guān)注計算節(jié)點(diǎn)即代理層元數(shù)據(jù)與存儲節(jié)點(diǎn)元數(shù)據(jù)的一致性或者是符合計算節(jié)點(diǎn)關(guān)于該表的定義規(guī)則。

責(zé)任編輯：武曉燕 來源： GreatSQL社區(qū)
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