"""
結(jié)合所學(xué) GUI 知識，開發(fā)一款模仿 windows 記事本的軟件。包含了基本的功能：
1. 新建文本文件
2. 保存文件
3. 修改文件內(nèi)容
4. 退出
5. 各種快捷鍵處理
6. 修改文本區(qū)域背景色
"""
from tkinter import Frame, Tk, Menu, Text, INSERT, END
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *


class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super(Application, self).__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.textPad = None  # 文本框?qū)ο?        self.filename = None  # 打開文件的名字
        self.contextMenu = None  # 上下文菜單對象
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """在組件中創(chuàng)建主菜單"""
        menubar = Menu(root)
        """創(chuàng)建子菜單"""
        menuFile = Menu(menubar)
        menuEdit = Menu(menubar)
        menuHelp = Menu(menubar)
        """將子菜單放入主菜單欄"""
        menubar.add_cascade(label="文件(F)", menu=menuFile)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="編輯(E)", menu=menuEdit)
        menubar.add_cascade(label="幫助(H)", menu=menuHelp)
        """添加菜單項"""
        menuFile.add_command(label="新建", accelerator="ctrl+n", command=self.newfile)
        menuFile.add_command(label="打開", accelerator="ctrl+o", command=self.openfile)
        menuFile.add_command(label="保存", accelerator="ctrl+s", command=self.savefile)
        menuFile.add_separator()  # 添加分割線
        menuFile.add_command(label="退出", accelerator="ctrl+q", command=self.exit)
        # 將主菜單欄加到根窗口
        root["menu"] = menubar
        # 添加快捷鍵事件處理
        root.bind("<Control-n>", lambda event: self.newfile())
        root.bind("<Control-o>", lambda event: self.openfile())
        root.bind("<Control-s>", lambda event: self.savefile())
        root.bind("<Control-q>", lambda event: self.exit())
        # 文本編輯區(qū)
        self.textpad = Text(root, width=50, height=30)
        self.textpad.pack()
        # 創(chuàng)建上下菜單
        self.contextMenu = Menu(root)
        self.contextMenu.add_command(label="背景顏色", command=self.openAskColor)
        # 為右鍵綁定事件
        root.bind("<Button-3>",self.createContextMenu)

    def newfile(self):
        self.textpad.delete('1.0','end')  # 把 Text 控件中的內(nèi)容清空
        self.filename = asksaveasfilename(title='另存為', initialfile='未命名.txt', filetypes=[("文本文檔", "*.txt")], defaultextension='.txt')
        print(self.filename)
        self.savefile()

    def openfile(self):
        self.textpad.delete('1.0','end')  # 先把 Text 控件中的內(nèi)容清空
        with askopenfile(title="打開文件") as f:
            self.textpad.insert(INSERT, f.read())
            self.filename = f.name
            print(f.name)

    def savefile(self):
        with open(self.filename, "w") as f:
            c = self.textpad.get(1.0, END)
            f.write(c)

    def exit(self):
        root.quit()

    def openAskColor(self):
        s1 = askcolor(color="red", title="選擇背景色")
        self.textpad.config(bg=s1[1])

    def createContextMenu(self, event):  # 菜單在鼠標右鍵單擊的坐標處顯示
        self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("450x300+200+300")
    root.title("最初的記事本")
    app = Application(root)
    root.mainloop()

注意: pyinstaller相關(guān)參數(shù)如下：
--icon=圖標路徑（pyinstaller
-F --icon=my.ico XXXX.py）
-F 打包成一個 exe 文件
-w 使用窗口，無控制臺
-c 使用控制臺，無窗口
-D 創(chuàng)建一個目錄，里面包含 exe 以及其他一些依賴性文件

"""開發(fā)繪圖軟件的菜單"""
from tkinter import Frame, Canvas, Tk, Button, LAST
from tkinter.colorchooser import *

# 窗口的寬度和高度
win_width = 900
win_height = 450


class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None, bgcolor="#000000"):
        super(Application, self).__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.bgcolor = bgcolor
        self.x = 0
        self.y = 0
        self.fgcolor = "#ff0000"
        self.lastDraw = 0
        self.startDrawFlag = False
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        # 創(chuàng)建繪圖區(qū)
        self.drawpad = Canvas(root, width=win_width, height=win_height * 0.9, bg=self.bgcolor)
        self.drawpad.pack()

        # 創(chuàng)建按鈕
        btn_start = Button(root, text="開始", name="start")
        btn_start.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_pen = Button(root, text="畫筆", name="pen")
        btn_pen.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_rect = Button(root, text="矩形", name="rect")
        btn_rect.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_clear = Button(root, text="清屏", name="clear")
        btn_clear.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_erasor = Button(root, text="橡皮擦", name="erasor")
        btn_erasor.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_line = Button(root, text="直線", name="line")
        btn_line.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_lineArrow = Button(root, text="箭頭直線", name="lineArrow")
        btn_lineArrow.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_color = Button(root, text="顏色", name="color")
        btn_color.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        # 事件處理
        btn_pen.bind_class("Button", "<1>", self.eventManager)
        self.drawpad.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.stopDraw)

        # 增加顏色切換的快捷鍵
        root.bind("<KeyPress-r>", self.kuaijiejian)
        root.bind("<KeyPress-g>", self.kuaijiejian)
        root.bind("<KeyPress-y>", self.kuaijiejian)

    def eventManager(self, event):
        name = event.widget.winfo_name()
        # print(name)
        if name == "line":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myline)
        elif name == "lineArrow":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.mylineArrow)
        elif name == "rect":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myRect)
        elif name == "pen":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myPen)
        elif name == "erasor":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myErasor)
        elif name == "clear":
            self.drawpad.delete("all")
        elif name == "color":
            c = askcolor(color=self.fgcolor, title="選擇畫筆顏色")
            # [(255,0,0),"#ff0000"]
            self.fgcolor = c[1]

    def stopDraw(self, event):
        self.startDrawFlag = False
        self.lastDraw = 0

    def startDraw(self, event):
        self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)

        if not self.startDrawFlag:
            self.startDrawFlag = True
            self.x = event.x
            self.y = event.y

    def myline(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)

    def mylineArrow(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, arrow=LAST, fill=self.fgcolor)

    def myRect(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_rectangle(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)

    def myPen(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
        self.x = event.x
        self.y = event.y

    def myErasor(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.drawpad.create_rectangle(event.x - 4, event.y - 4, event.x + 4, event.y + 4, fill=self.bgcolor)
        self.x = event.x
        self.y = event.y

    def kuaijiejian(self, event):
        if event.char == "r":
            self.fgcolor = "#ff0000"
        elif event.char == "g":
            self.fgcolor = "#00ff00"
        elif event.char == "y":
            self.fgcolor = "#ffff00"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry(str(win_width) + "x" + str(win_height) + "+200+300")
    root.title("你的畫圖軟件")
    app = Application(root)
    root.mainloop()