面向開(kāi)發(fā)人員的 ChatGPT 提示工程
提示指南?
在本課中,您將練習(xí)兩個(gè)提示原則及其相關(guān)策略,以便為大型語(yǔ)言模型編寫(xiě)有效的提示。
設(shè)置
加載 API 密鑰和相關(guān)的 Python 庫(kù)。
在本課程中,我們提供了一些代碼來(lái)為您加載 OpenAI API 密鑰。
import openai
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')
輔助函數(shù)
在本課程中,我們將使用 OpenAI 的 ??gpt-3.5-turbo?
? 模型和聊天完成端點(diǎn)。
此 ??helper?
?? 函數(shù)將使使用提示和查看生成的輸出變得更加容易。
注意:2023 年 6 月,OpenAI 更新了 ???gpt-3.5-turbo?
?。
您在筆記本中看到的結(jié)果可能與視頻中的結(jié)果略有不同。一些提示也進(jìn)行了輕微修改,以產(chǎn)生所需的結(jié)果。
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output
)
return response.choices[0].message["content"]
注意:本課程的此筆記本和所有其他實(shí)驗(yàn)筆記本都使用 OpenAI 庫(kù)版本 0.27.0。
為了使用 OpenAI 庫(kù)版本 1.0.0,以下是您將用于 get_completion 函數(shù)的代碼:
client = openai.OpenAI()
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = client.chat.completions.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0
)
return response.choices[0].message.content
提示原則
- 原則 1:寫(xiě)下清晰具體的指示
- 原則 2:給模型時(shí)間“思考”
戰(zhàn)術(shù)
策略 1:使用分隔符清楚地表示輸入的不同部分
分隔符可以是這樣的: ''', “”“, < >,, :
text = f"""
You should express what you want a model to do by \
providing instructions that are as clear and \
specific as you can possibly make them. \
This will guide the model towards the desired output, \
and reduce the chances of receiving irrelevant \
or incorrect responses. Don't confuse writing a \
clear prompt with writing a short prompt. \
In many cases, longer prompts provide more clarity \
and context for the model, which can lead to \
more detailed and relevant outputs.
"""
prompt = f"""
Summarize the text delimited by triple backticks \
into a single sentence.
```{text}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
策略 2:請(qǐng)求結(jié)構(gòu)化輸出
- JSON、HTML
prompt = f"""
Generate a list of three made-up book titles along \
with their authors and genres.
Provide them in JSON format with the following keys:
book_id, title, author, genre.
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
策略 3:讓模型檢查是否滿足條件?
text_1 = f"""
Making a cup of tea is easy! First, you need to get some \
water boiling. While that's happening, \
grab a cup and put a tea bag in it. Once the water is \
hot enough, just pour it over the tea bag. \
Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep. After a \
few minutes, take out the tea bag. If you \
like, you can add some sugar or milk to taste. \
And that's it! You've got yourself a delicious \
cup of tea to enjoy.
"""
prompt = f"""
You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes.
If it contains a sequence of instructions, \
re-write those instructions in the following format:
Step 1 - ...
Step 2 - …
…
Step N - …
If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions, \
then simply write \"No steps provided.\"
\"\"\"{text_1}\"\"\"
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print("Completion for Text 1:")
print(response)
text_2 = f"""
The sun is shining brightly today, and the birds are \
singing. It's a beautiful day to go for a \
walk in the park. The flowers are blooming, and the \
trees are swaying gently in the breeze. People \
are out and about, enjoying the lovely weather. \
Some are having picnics, while others are playing \
games or simply relaxing on the grass. It's a \
perfect day to spend time outdoors and appreciate the \
beauty of nature.
"""
prompt = f"""
You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes.
If it contains a sequence of instructions, \
re-write those instructions in the following format:
Step 1 - ...
Step 2 - …
…
Step N - …
If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions, \
then simply write \"No steps provided.\"
\"\"\"{text_2}\"\"\"
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print("Completion for Text 2:")
print(response)
策略 4:“Few-shot”提示
prompt = f"""
Your task is to answer in a consistent style.
<child>: Teach me about patience.
<grandparent>: The river that carves the deepest \
valley flows from a modest spring; the \
grandest symphony originates from a single note; \
the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread.
<child>: Teach me about resilience.
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
原則 2:給模型時(shí)間 “思考”
策略 1:指定完成任務(wù)所需的步驟
text = f"""
In a charming village, siblings Jack and Jill set out on \
a quest to fetch water from a hilltop \
well. As they climbed, singing joyfully, misfortune \
struck—Jack tripped on a stone and tumbled \
down the hill, with Jill following suit. \
Though slightly battered, the pair returned home to \
comforting embraces. Despite the mishap, \
their adventurous spirits remained undimmed, and they \
continued exploring with delight.
"""
# example 1
prompt_1 = f"""
Perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by triple \
backticks with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into French.
3 - List each name in the French summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the following \
keys: french_summary, num_names.
Separate your answers with line breaks.
Text:
```{text}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt_1)
print("Completion for prompt 1:")
print(response)
要求以指定格式輸出?
prompt_2 = f"""
Your task is to perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by
<> with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into French.
3 - List each name in the French summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the
following keys: french_summary, num_names.
Use the following format:
Text: <text to summarize>
Summary: <summary>
Translation: <summary translation>
Names: <list of names in summary>
Output JSON: <json with summary and num_names>
Text: <{text}>
"""
response = get_completion(prompt_2)
print("\nCompletion for prompt 2:")
print(response)
策略 2:指示模型在匆忙得出結(jié)論之前找出自己的解決方案
prompt = f"""
Determine if the student's solution is correct or not.
Question:
I'm building a solar power installation and I need \
help working out the financials.
- Land costs $100 / square foot
- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot
- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost \
me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square \
foot
What is the total cost for the first year of operations
as a function of the number of square feet.
Student's Solution:
Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs:
1. Land cost: 100x
2. Solar panel cost: 250x
3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x
Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
請(qǐng)注意,學(xué)生的解決方案實(shí)際上并不正確。 我們可以通過(guò)指示模型首先找出自己的解決方案來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
prompt = f"""
Your task is to determine if the student's solution \
is correct or not.
To solve the problem do the following:
- First, work out your own solution to the problem including the final total.
- Then compare your solution to the student's solution \
and evaluate if the student's solution is correct or not.
Don't decide if the student's solution is correct until
you have done the problem yourself.
Use the following format:
Question:
question here
Student's solution:
student's solution here
Actual solution:
steps to work out the solution and your solution here
Is the student's solution the same as actual solution \
just calculated:
yes or no
Student grade:
correct or incorrect
Question:
I'm building a solar power installation and I need help
working out the financials.
- Land costs $100 / square foot
- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot
- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost
me a flat 10 / square
foot What is the total cost for the first year of operations
as a function of the number of square feet.
Student's solution:
Let x be the size of the installation in square feet. Costs:
- Land cost: 100x
- Solar panel cost: 250x
- Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000
Actual solution:
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
模型限制:幻覺(jué)
Boie 是一家真實(shí)的公司,產(chǎn)品名稱不是真實(shí)的。
課程2: 迭代提示開(kāi)發(fā)?
在本課程中,您將迭代地分析和優(yōu)化您的提示,以從產(chǎn)品情況說(shuō)明書(shū)生成營(yíng)銷副本。
從產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)生成營(yíng)銷產(chǎn)品描述
fact_sheet_chair = """
OVERVIEW
- Part of a beautiful family of mid-century inspired office furniture,
including filing cabinets, desks, bookcases, meeting tables, and more.
- Several options of shell color and base finishes.
- Available with plastic back and front upholstery (SWC-100)
or full upholstery (SWC-110) in 10 fabric and 6 leather options.
- Base finish options are: stainless steel, matte black,
gloss white, or chrome.
- Chair is available with or without armrests.
- Suitable for home or business settings.
- Qualified for contract use.
CONSTRUCTION
- 5-wheel plastic coated aluminum base.
- Pneumatic chair adjust for easy raise/lower action.
DIMENSIONS
- WIDTH 53 CM | 20.87”
- DEPTH 51 CM | 20.08”
- HEIGHT 80 CM | 31.50”
- SEAT HEIGHT 44 CM | 17.32”
- SEAT DEPTH 41 CM | 16.14”
OPTIONS
- Soft or hard-floor caster options.
- Two choices of seat foam densities:
medium (1.8 lb/ft3) or high (2.8 lb/ft3)
- Armless or 8 position PU armrests
MATERIALS
SHELL BASE GLIDER
- Cast Aluminum with modified nylon PA6/PA66 coating.
- Shell thickness: 10 mm.
SEAT
- HD36 foam
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
- Italy
"""
prompt = f"""
Your task is to help a marketing team create a
description for a retail website of a product based
on a technical fact sheet.
Write a product description based on the information
provided in the technical specifications delimited by
triple backticks.
Technical specifications: ```{fact_sheet_chair}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
問(wèn)題 1:文本太長(zhǎng)
限制單詞/句子/字符的數(shù)量。
prompt = f"""
Your task is to help a marketing team create a
description for a retail website of a product based
on a technical fact sheet.
Write a product description based on the information
provided in the technical specifications delimited by
triple backticks.
Use at most 50 words.
Technical specifications: ```{fact_sheet_chair}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
問(wèn)題 2.文本關(guān)注錯(cuò)誤的細(xì)節(jié)
- 要求它專注于與目標(biāo)受眾相關(guān)的方面。
prompt = f"""
Your task is to help a marketing team create a
description for a retail website of a product based
on a technical fact sheet.
Write a product description based on the information
provided in the technical specifications delimited by
triple backticks.
The description is intended for furniture retailers,
so should be technical in nature and focus on the
materials the product is constructed from.
Use at most 50 words.
Technical specifications: ```{fact_sheet_chair}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
prompt = f"""
Your task is to help a marketing team create a
description for a retail website of a product based
on a technical fact sheet.
Write a product description based on the information
provided in the technical specifications delimited by
triple backticks.
The description is intended for furniture retailers,
so should be technical in nature and focus on the
materials the product is constructed from.
At the end of the description, include every 7-character
Product ID in the technical specification.
Use at most 50 words.
Technical specifications: ```{fact_sheet_chair}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
問(wèn)題 3.描述需要一個(gè)維度表
- 要求它提取信息并將其組織到表中。
prompt = f"""
Your task is to help a marketing team create a
description for a retail website of a product based
on a technical fact sheet.
Write a product description based on the information
provided in the technical specifications delimited by
triple backticks.
The description is intended for furniture retailers,
so should be technical in nature and focus on the
materials the product is constructed from.
At the end of the description, include every 7-character
Product ID in the technical specification.
After the description, include a table that gives the
product's dimensions. The table should have two columns.
In the first column include the name of the dimension.
In the second column include the measurements in inches only.
Give the table the title 'Product Dimensions'.
Format everything as HTML that can be used in a website.
Place the description in a <div> element.
Technical specifications: ```{fact_sheet_chair}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
摘要?
在本課中,您將對(duì)文本進(jìn)行總結(jié),重點(diǎn)關(guān)注特定主題。
要總結(jié)的文本?
prod_review = """
Got this panda plush toy for my daughter's birthday, \
who loves it and takes it everywhere. It's soft and \
super cute, and its face has a friendly look. It's \
a bit small for what I paid though. I think there \
might be other options that are bigger for the \
same price. It arrived a day earlier than expected, \
so I got to play with it myself before I gave it \
to her.
"""
用字/句子/字符限制進(jìn)行總結(jié)?
prompt = f"""
Your task is to generate a short summary of a product \
review from an ecommerce site.
Summarize the review below, delimited by triple
backticks, in at most 30 words.
Review: ```{prod_review}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
聚焦某一點(diǎn):以運(yùn)輸和交付為重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)?
prompt = f"""
Your task is to generate a short summary of a product \
review from an ecommerce site to give feedback to the \
Shipping deparmtment.
Summarize the review below, delimited by triple
backticks, in at most 30 words, and focusing on any aspects \
that mention shipping and delivery of the product.
Review: ```{prod_review}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
注釋
摘要包括與焦點(diǎn)主題無(wú)關(guān)的主題。
嘗試 “extract” 而不是 “summarize”?
prompt = f"""
Your task is to extract relevant information from \
a product review from an ecommerce site to give \
feedback to the Shipping department.
From the review below, delimited by triple quotes \
extract the information relevant to shipping and \
delivery. Limit to 30 words.
Review: ```{prod_review}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
總結(jié)多個(gè)產(chǎn)品評(píng)論?
review_1 = prod_review
# review for a standing lamp
review_2 = """
Needed a nice lamp for my bedroom, and this one \
had additional storage and not too high of a price \
point. Got it fast - arrived in 2 days. The string \
to the lamp broke during the transit and the company \
happily sent over a new one. Came within a few days \
as well. It was easy to put together. Then I had a \
missing part, so I contacted their support and they \
very quickly got me the missing piece! Seems to me \
to be a great company that cares about their customers \
and products.
"""
# review for an electric toothbrush
review_3 = """
My dental hygienist recommended an electric toothbrush, \
which is why I got this. The battery life seems to be \
pretty impressive so far. After initial charging and \
leaving the charger plugged in for the first week to \
condition the battery, I've unplugged the charger and \
been using it for twice daily brushing for the last \
3 weeks all on the same charge. But the toothbrush head \
is too small. I’ve seen baby toothbrushes bigger than \
this one. I wish the head was bigger with different \
length bristles to get between teeth better because \
this one doesn’t. Overall if you can get this one \
around the $50 mark, it's a good deal. The manufactuer's \
replacements heads are pretty expensive, but you can \
get generic ones that're more reasonably priced. This \
toothbrush makes me feel like I've been to the dentist \
every day. My teeth feel sparkly clean!
"""
# review for a blender
review_4 = """
So, they still had the 17 piece system on seasonal \
sale for around $49 in the month of November, about \
half off, but for some reason (call it price gouging) \
around the second week of December the prices all went \
up to about anywhere from between $70-$89 for the same \
system. And the 11 piece system went up around $10 or \
so in price also from the earlier sale price of $29. \
So it looks okay, but if you look at the base, the part \
where the blade locks into place doesn’t look as good \
as in previous editions from a few years ago, but I \
plan to be very gentle with it (example, I crush \
very hard items like beans, ice, rice, etc. in the \
blender first then pulverize them in the serving size \
I want in the blender then switch to the whipping \
blade for a finer flour, and use the cross cutting blade \
first when making smoothies, then use the flat blade \
if I need them finer/less pulpy). Special tip when making \
smoothies, finely cut and freeze the fruits and \
vegetables (if using spinach-lightly stew soften the \
spinach then freeze until ready for use-and if making \
sorbet, use a small to medium sized food processor) \
that you plan to use that way you can avoid adding so \
much ice if at all-when making your smoothie. \
After about a year, the motor was making a funny noise. \
I called customer service but the warranty expired \
already, so I had to buy another one. FYI: The overall \
quality has gone done in these types of products, so \
they are kind of counting on brand recognition and \
consumer loyalty to maintain sales. Got it in about \
two days.
"""
reviews = [review_1, review_2, review_3, review_4]
for i in range(len(reviews)):
prompt = f"""
Your task is to generate a short summary of a product \
review from an ecommerce site.
Summarize the review below, delimited by triple \
backticks in at most 20 words.
Review: ```{reviews[i]}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(i, response, "\n")
推理
在本課中,您將從產(chǎn)品評(píng)論和新聞文章中推斷情緒和主題。
產(chǎn)品評(píng)論文本
lamp_review = """
Needed a nice lamp for my bedroom, and this one had \
additional storage and not too high of a price point. \
Got it fast. The string to our lamp broke during the \
transit and the company happily sent over a new one. \
Came within a few days as well. It was easy to put \
together. I had a missing part, so I contacted their \
support and they very quickly got me the missing piece! \
Lumina seems to me to be a great company that cares \
about their customers and products!!
"""
情緒 (積極 / 消極)
prompt = f"""
What is the sentiment of the following product review,
which is delimited with triple backticks?
Review text: '''{lamp_review}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
prompt = f"""
What is the sentiment of the following product review,
which is delimited with triple backticks?
Give your answer as a single word, either "positive" \
or "negative".
Review text: '''{lamp_review}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
識(shí)別情緒的類型?
prompt = f"""
Identify a list of emotions that the writer of the \
following review is expressing. Include no more than \
five items in the list. Format your answer as a list of \
lower-case words separated by commas.
Review text: '''{lamp_review}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
識(shí)別憤怒?
prompt = f"""
Is the writer of the following review expressing anger?\
The review is delimited with triple backticks. \
Give your answer as either yes or no.
Review text: '''{lamp_review}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
從客戶評(píng)論中提取產(chǎn)品和公司名稱
prompt = f"""
Identify the following items from the review text:
- Item purchased by reviewer
- Company that made the item
The review is delimited with triple backticks. \
Format your response as a JSON object with \
"Item" and "Brand" as the keys.
If the information isn't present, use "unknown" \
as the value.
Make your response as short as possible.
Review text: '''{lamp_review}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
一次執(zhí)行多個(gè)任務(wù)
prompt = f"""
Identify the following items from the review text:
- Sentiment (positive or negative)
- Is the reviewer expressing anger? (true or false)
- Item purchased by reviewer
- Company that made the item
The review is delimited with triple backticks. \
Format your response as a JSON object with \
"Sentiment", "Anger", "Item" and "Brand" as the keys.
If the information isn't present, use "unknown" \
as the value.
Make your response as short as possible.
Format the Anger value as a boolean.
Review text: '''{lamp_review}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
推斷主題
story = """
In a recent survey conducted by the government,
public sector employees were asked to rate their level
of satisfaction with the department they work at.
The results revealed that NASA was the most popular
department with a satisfaction rating of 95%.
One NASA employee, John Smith, commented on the findings,
stating, "I'm not surprised that NASA came out on top.
It's a great place to work with amazing people and
incredible opportunities. I'm proud to be a part of
such an innovative organization."
The results were also welcomed by NASA's management team,
with Director Tom Johnson stating, "We are thrilled to
hear that our employees are satisfied with their work at NASA.
We have a talented and dedicated team who work tirelessly
to achieve our goals, and it's fantastic to see that their
hard work is paying off."
The survey also revealed that the
Social Security Administration had the lowest satisfaction
rating, with only 45% of employees indicating they were
satisfied with their job. The government has pledged to
address the concerns raised by employees in the survey and
work towards improving job satisfaction across all departments.
"""
推斷 5 個(gè)主題
prompt = f"""
Determine five topics that are being discussed in the \
following text, which is delimited by triple backticks.
Make each item one or two words long.
Format your response as a list of items separated by commas.
Text sample: '''{story}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
response.split(sep=',')
topic_list = [
"nasa", "local government", "engineering",
"employee satisfaction", "federal government"
]
為某些主題制作新聞提醒
prompt = f"""
Determine whether each item in the following list of \
topics is a topic in the text below, which
is delimited with triple backticks.
Give your answer as follows:
item from the list: 0 or 1
List of topics: {", ".join(topic_list)}
Text sample: '''{story}'''
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
topic_dict = {i.split(': ')[0]: int(i.split(': ')[1]) for i in response.split(sep='\n')}
if topic_dict['nasa'] == 1:
print("ALERT: New NASA story!")
本文轉(zhuǎn)載自 ??AI大模型世界??,作者: Deeplearning
