計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)之理解網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址(英文與翻譯）
Understanding Web Addresses
You can think of the World Wide Web as a network of electronic files stored on computers all around the world. Hypertext links these resources together. Uniform Resource Locators or URLs are the addresses used to locate these files. The information contained in a URL gives you the ability to jump from one web page to another with just a click of your mouse. When you type a URL into your browser or click on a hypertext link, your browser is sending a request to a remote computer to download a file.
What does a typical URL look like? Here are some examples:
The home page for study English.
A directory of files at MIT available for downloading.
A newsgroup on rose gardening.
The first part of a URL (before the two slashes* tells you the type of resource or method of access at that address. For example:
http - a hypertext document or directory
gopher - a gopher document or menu
ftp - a file available for downloading or a directory of such files
news - a newsgroup
telnet - a computer system that you can log into over the Internet
WAIS - a database or document in a Wide Area Information Search database
file - a file located on a local drive (your hard drive)
The second part is typically the address of the computer where the data or service is located. Additional parts may specify the names of files, the port to connect to, or the text to search for in a database.
You can enter the URL of a site by typing it into the Location bar of your web browser, just under the toolbar.
Most browsers record URLs that you want to use again, by adding them to a special menu. In Netscape Navigator, it's called Bookmarks. In Microsoft Explorer, it's called Favorites. Once you add a URL to your list, you can return to that web page simply by clicking on the name in your list, instead of retyping the entire URL.
Most of the URLs you will be using start with http which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol*. http is the method by which HTML files are transferred over the Web. Here are some other important things to know about URLs:
A URL usually has no spaces.
A URL always uses forward slashes (//).
If you enter a URL incorrectly, your browser will not be able to locate the site or resource you want. Should you get an error message or the wrong site, make sure you typed the address correctly.
You can find the URL behind any link by passing your mouse cursor over the link. The pointer will turn into a hand and the URL will appear in the browser's status bar, usually located at the bottom of your screen.
理解網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址
你可以把萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)想象成一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)在世界各地計(jì)算機(jī)上的電子文件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。超文本把這些資源鏈接在一起。統(tǒng)一資源定位器或者稱之為URL是用來(lái)定位這些文件的地址。你只需單擊一下鼠標(biāo)，URL中包含的信息就可以讓你從一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)直接跳到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)。當(dāng)你在瀏覽器中輸入一個(gè)URL或是單擊一個(gè)超文本鏈接，你的瀏覽器就向遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)送了下載文件的請(qǐng)求。
一個(gè)典型的URL是什么樣的呢？以下是幾個(gè)例子。
--- 一個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站的主頁(yè)
--- 麻省理工學(xué)院一個(gè)可供下載的文件目錄
--- 一個(gè)有關(guān)玫瑰園藝的新聞組
一個(gè)URL的***部分，即兩條斜線之前的部分告訴你資源類(lèi)型或是那個(gè)地址的訪問(wèn)方式。比如說(shuō)：
http - 一個(gè)超文本文檔或目錄
gopher - 一個(gè)鼴鼠文檔或菜單
ftp - 一個(gè)可供下載的文件或這類(lèi)文件的目錄
news - 一個(gè)新聞組
telnet - 一個(gè)可以通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)登錄的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)
WAIS - 一個(gè)廣域信息檢索數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或文檔
file - 儲(chǔ)存在本地磁盤(pán)（你的硬盤(pán)）中的文件
第二部分是典型的數(shù)據(jù)或服務(wù)所在的計(jì)算機(jī)的地址。附加的部分可能指定了文件名，連接端口，或是在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中檢索的文本。
你可以在到網(wǎng)頁(yè)瀏覽器的地址欄中（就在工具欄的下方）鍵入該網(wǎng)站的URL以進(jìn)入該網(wǎng)站。
大多數(shù)瀏覽器會(huì)把你訪問(wèn)過(guò)的URL添加到一個(gè)專(zhuān)用的菜單，以便你下次再訪問(wèn)。這個(gè)菜單在網(wǎng)景導(dǎo)航器中被稱為書(shū)簽。在微軟的瀏覽器中，它被稱為收藏夾。一旦你把一個(gè)URL添加到你的清單中，當(dāng)你下次再訪問(wèn)時(shí)，你只需點(diǎn)擊一下列表中的名稱就可以很輕松地進(jìn)入該網(wǎng)頁(yè)，而無(wú)須再鍵入一個(gè)完整的URL了。
你使用的大多數(shù)URL以http作為前綴，意為超文本傳送協(xié)議。http使得HTML文件可以在網(wǎng)上傳送。以下是一些關(guān)于URL的其他要點(diǎn)：
一個(gè)URL通常沒(méi)有空格。
一個(gè)URL總使用正斜杠（//）。
如果你錯(cuò)誤地鍵入了一個(gè)URL，你的瀏覽器將無(wú)法定位你所需要的網(wǎng)站或資源。如果你不想得到錯(cuò)誤信息提示或找錯(cuò)地方，就請(qǐng)確保你輸入的地址是正確的。
在那些鏈接上方移動(dòng)你的鼠標(biāo)光標(biāo)，你就可以找到這個(gè)鏈接所指向的URL。指針將變成一只手形，這個(gè)URL也會(huì)顯示在瀏覽器的狀態(tài)欄中。狀態(tài)欄通常出現(xiàn)在屏幕的底部。
【編輯推薦】
