R語言可視化之UpSetR包
簡介
集合可視化我們用得最多的是韋恩圖,韋恩圖在集合數(shù)少的時候是很好用的,但是當集合數(shù)多比如五個以上的時候那就會看花眼了,比如下面這副含有6個集合韋恩圖,是發(fā)表在Nature上的文章里的,漂亮是漂亮,但是眼都快看花了。
今天介紹一個R包UpSetR,專門用來集合可視化,來源于UpSet,Python里面也有一個相似的包py-upset。此外還有個UpSetR shiny app以及源代碼。
安裝
兩種方式安裝:
- #從CRAN安裝
- install.packages("UpSetR")
- #從Github上安裝
- devtools::install_github("hms-dbmi/UpSetR")
數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入
UpSetR提供了兩個函數(shù)fromList以及fromExpression將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為UpsetR適用的數(shù)據(jù)格式。
- #fromList
- listinput <- list(one = c(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13), two = c(1, 2, 4, 5,
- 10), three = c(1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13))
- #fromExpression
- expressionInput <- c(one = 2, two = 1, three = 2, `one&two` = 1, `one&three` = 4,
- `two&three` = 1, `one&two&three` = 2)
接下來就可以繪制繪制圖形了
- library(UpSetR)
- upset(fromList(listinput), order.by = "freq")
- #下面繪制的圖形等同于上圖
- upset(fromExpression(expressionInput), order.by = "freq")
參數(shù)詳解
下面所有的例子都將使用UpSetR內(nèi)置的數(shù)據(jù)集movies來繪制。
- #導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)
- movies <- read.csv(system.file("extdata", "movies.csv", package = "UpSetR"), header = TRUE, sep = ";")
- #先大致瀏覽一下該數(shù)據(jù)集,數(shù)據(jù)集太長,就只看前幾列
- knitr::kable(head(movies[,1:10]))
該數(shù)據(jù)集展示的是電影名(name)、發(fā)行時間(ReleaseDate)以及電影類型,多了去了就不詳講了,自個可以看去。
UpsetR繪制集合可視化圖形使用函數(shù)upset()。
- upset(movies, nsets = 6, number.angles = 30, point.size = 2, line.size = 1, mainbar.y.label = "Genre Intersections", sets.x.label = "Movies Per Genre", text.scale = c(1.3, 1.3, 1, 1, 1.5, 1))
解釋一下上面部分參數(shù):
- nsets: 顧名思義,就是展示幾個集合,movies數(shù)據(jù)集由20幾個集合,不可能全部展示,另外從圖中可以看出,這6個集合應(yīng)該不是按順序選擇的。
- numble.angle: 柱子上的數(shù)字看到了吧,這個參數(shù)就是調(diào)整數(shù)字角度的,可有可無的
- mainbar.y.label/sets.x.label:坐標軸名稱
- text.scale(): 有六個數(shù)字,分別控制c(intersection size title, intersection size tick labels, set size title, set size tick labels, set names, numbers above bars)。
很多時候我們想要看特定的幾個集合,UpSetR滿足我們的需求。
- upset(movies, sets = c("Action", "Adventure", "Comedy", "Drama", "Mystery",
- "Thriller", "Romance", "War", "Western"), mb.ratio = c(0.55, 0.45), order.by = "freq")
文中的參數(shù):
- mb.ratio: 控制上方條形圖以及下方點圖的比例
- order.by: 如何排序,這里freq表示從大到小排序展示,其他選項有degree以及先按freq再按degree排序。
各個變量也可以通過參數(shù)keep.order來排序
- upset(movies, sets = c("Action", "Adventure", "Comedy", "Drama", "Mystery",
- "Thriller", "Romance", "War", "Western"), mb.ratio = c(0.55, 0.45), order.by = "freq",
- keep.order = TRUE)
也可以按group進行展示,這圖展示的就是按各個變量自身、兩個交集、三個交集…依次展示。參數(shù)cutoff控制每個group顯示幾個交集。
參數(shù)intersects控制總共顯示幾個交集。
- upset(movies, nintersects = 70, group.by = "sets", cutoff = 7)
還有很多參數(shù)比如控制顏色的參數(shù),點、線大小等,具體可查看?upset
queries參數(shù)
queries參數(shù)分為四個部分:query, param, color, active.
- query: 指定哪個query,UpSetR有內(nèi)置的,也可以自定義,說到底就是一個查詢函數(shù)
- param: list, query作用于哪個交集
- color:每個query都是一個list,里面可以設(shè)置顏色,沒設(shè)置的話將調(diào)用包里默認的調(diào)色板
- active:被指定的條形圖是否需要顏色覆蓋,TRUE的話顯示顏色,F(xiàn)ALSE的話則在條形圖頂端顯示三角形
內(nèi)置的intersects query
- upset(movies, queries = list(list(query=intersects, params=list("Drama", "Comedy", "Action"), color="orange", active=T),
- list(query=intersects, params=list("Drama"), color="red", active=F),
- list(query=intersects, params=list("Action", "Drama"), active=T)))
內(nèi)置的elements query
此query可以可視化特定交集在不同條件下的情況
- upset(movies, queries = list(list(query=elements, params=list("AvgRating", 3.5, 4.1), color="blue", active=T),
- list(query=elements, params=list("ReleaseDate", 1980, 1990, 2000), color="red", active=F)))
自定義一個query
- myfunc <- function(row, release, rating){
- newdata <- (row["ReleaseDate"]%in%release)&(row["AvgRating"]>rating)
- }
- upset(movies, queries = list(list(query=myfunc, params=list(c(1950,1960,1990,2000), 3.0), color="red", active=T)))
添加query圖例
- upset(movies, query.legend = "top", queries = list(list(query = intersects,
- params = list("Drama", "Comedy", "Action"), color = "orange", active = T,
- query.name = "Funny action"), list(query = intersects, params = list("Drama"),
- color = "red", active = F), list(query = intersects, params = list("Action",
- "Drama"), active = T, query.name = "Emotional action")))
參數(shù)attribute.plots
主要是用于添加屬性圖,內(nèi)置有柱形圖、散點圖、熱圖等
柱形圖
- upset(movies, main.bar.color = "black", queries = list(list(query = intersects,
- params = list("Drama"), active = T)), attribute.plots = list(gridrows = 50,
- plots = list(list(plot = histogram, x = "ReleaseDate", queries = F), list(plot = histogram,
- x = "AvgRating", queries = T)), ncols = 2))
散點圖
- upset(movies, main.bar.color = "black", queries = list(list(query = intersects,
- params = list("Drama"), color = "red", active = F), list(query = intersects,
- params = list("Action", "Drama"), active = T), list(query = intersects,
- params = list("Drama", "Comedy", "Action"), color = "orange", active = T)),
- attribute.plots = list(gridrows = 45, plots = list(list(plot = scatter_plot,
- x = "ReleaseDate", y = "AvgRating", queries = T), list(plot = scatter_plot,
- x = "AvgRating", y = "Watches", queries = F)), ncols = 2), query.legend = "bottom")
箱線圖
箱線圖可以展示數(shù)據(jù)的分布,通過參數(shù)boxplot.summary控制,最多可以一次性顯示兩個箱線圖
- upset(movies, boxplot.summary = c("AvgRating", "ReleaseDate"))
還有一個十分重要的功能Incorporating Set Metadata這里就不講了。
SessionInfo
- sessionInfo()
- ## R version 3.4.2 (2017-09-28)
- ## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
- ## Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 15063)
- ##
- ## Matrix products: default
- ##
- ## locale:
- ## [1] LC_COLLATE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
- ## [2] LC_CTYPE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
- ## [3] LC_MONETARY=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
- ## [4] LC_NUMERIC=C
- ## [5] LC_TIME=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
- ##
- ## attached base packages:
- ## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
- ##
- ## other attached packages:
- ## [1] UpSetR_1.3.3
- ##
- ## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
- ## [1] Rcpp_0.12.13 knitr_1.17 magrittr_1.5 munsell_0.4.3
- ## [5] colorspace_1.3-2 rlang_0.1.2 stringr_1.2.0 highr_0.6
- ## [9] plyr_1.8.4 tools_3.4.2 grid_3.4.2 gtable_0.2.0
- ## [13] htmltools_0.3.6 yaml_2.1.14 lazyeval_0.2.0 rprojroot_1.2
- ## [17] digest_0.6.12 tibble_1.3.4 gridExtra_2.3 ggplot2_2.2.1
- ## [21] evaluate_0.10.1 rmarkdown_1.6 labeling_0.3 stringi_1.1.5
- ## [25] compiler_3.4.2 scales_0.5.0 backports_1.1.1