手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸魚倒計界面
大家好,我是吳老板。
前言
前段時間在微博看到一段摸魚人的倒計時模板,感覺還挺有趣的。
于是我用了一小時的時間寫了個頁面出來 摸魚辦地址 (當(dāng)然是摸魚的時間啦)。
模板是這樣的:
摸魚辦公室 🐟
【摸魚辦公室】今天是 2021-11-30 星期二
你好,摸魚人,工作再累,一定不要忘記摸魚哦 ! 有事沒事起身去茶水間去廊道去天臺走走,別老在工位上坐著。多喝點(diǎn)水,錢是老板的,但命是自己的 !
🐟 距離 周末 放假還有 2 天
🐟 距離 元旦 放假還有 3 天
🐟 距離 過年 放假還有 34 天
🐟 距離 清明節(jié) 放假還有 97 天
🐟 距離 勞動節(jié) 放假還有 123 天
🐟 距離 端午節(jié) 放假還有 156 天
🐟 距離 中秋節(jié) 放假還有 255 天
🐟 距離 國慶節(jié) 放假還有 276 天
- 由于前端是單頁面服務(wù),直接擼一個原始的 html 網(wǎng)頁就行。
- FastAPI 對于異步請求是一把好手、更輕、性能更佳。
- 掛上一層 Nginx 讓它看起來像那么回事兒。
實現(xiàn)過程
- 首先要知道、除了靜態(tài)文字之外的比如當(dāng)前日期、距離節(jié)日放假的天數(shù)等都是動態(tài)返回的,我需要使用 Jinja2 模板進(jìn)行動態(tài)綁定。
- 我應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)放在時間的處理上。
- 而且在這個模板中,有陽歷的節(jié)日,也是陰歷的節(jié)日,我需要轉(zhuǎn)換。
初始化一個 FastAPI 對象并聲明靜態(tài)頁面的模板目錄 (Jinja2Templates)
- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
- import datetime
- from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
- from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
- from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
- from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
- app = FastAPI(
- debug=False,
- title="My API",
- docs_url="/docs",
- openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
- )
- templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
可以看到的是我用到了 zhdate 這個庫、主要用于陰歷和陽歷之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。用法如下
- today = datetime.date.today()
- print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
- print("大年時間: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
- print("端午時間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
- print("中秋時間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
- print("元旦時間: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
- print("清明時間: ", f"{today.year}-04-05")
- print("勞動時間: ", f"{today.year}-05-01")
- print("國慶時間: ", f"{today.year}-10-01")
我們可以梳理一下:
- 計算距離 大年、元旦 的天數(shù)時,要在年份上 +1
- 計算距離 其他節(jié)日 的天數(shù)時,要判斷天數(shù)差是否小于 0,如果是,則年份需要 +1,因為已經(jīng)過去的節(jié)日對此沒有意義
- distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
- lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
- lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
- datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
- datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
- datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
怎么樣? 我的命名足夠瘋狂吧。
接下來需要計算一下距離周末的天數(shù)。
- def get_week_day(date):
- week_day_dict = {
- 0: '星期一',
- 1: '星期二',
- 2: '星期三',
- 3: '星期四',
- 4: '星期五',
- 5: '星期六',
- 6: '星期天',
- }
- day = date.weekday()
- return week_day_dict[day]
- week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
- print(f"今天是: {week_day_}") # 先獲取今天是星期幾
按照每周 5 個工作日計算,今天距離周末的天數(shù)就是
- 5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距離周末
現(xiàn)在將所有的數(shù)據(jù)組裝起來
- time_ = [
- {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距離元旦
- {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "過年"}, # 距離過年
- {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明節(jié)"}, # 距離清明
- {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "勞動節(jié)"}, # 距離勞動
- {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午節(jié)"}, # 距離端午
- {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋節(jié)"}, # 距離中秋
- {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "國慶節(jié)"}, # 距離國慶
- ]
至于為什么是 List 而不是 Dict,那是我需要做一個根據(jù)距離天數(shù)的排序,讓最先放假的節(jié)日放于最前面, 這樣看起來會舒服得多。
- time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)
接下來要寫一個 路由,將數(shù)據(jù)傳入到 html 頁面中去。
- @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
- async def readme(request: Request):
- return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
- {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})
來看一下完整的代碼 (main.py):
- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
- import datetime
- from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
- from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
- from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
- from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
- app = FastAPI(
- debug=False,
- title="My API",
- docs_url=f"/docs",
- openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
- )
- templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
- today = datetime.date.today()
- # print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
- # print("大年時間: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
- # print("端午時間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
- # print("中秋時間: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
- # print("元旦時間: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
- # print("清明時間: ", f"{today.year+1}-04-05")
- # print("勞動時間: ", f"{today.year+1}-05-01")
- # print("國慶時間: ", f"{today.year+1}-10-01")
- distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
- lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
- lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
- distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
- datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
- datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
- datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
- def get_week_day(date):
- week_day_dict = {
- 0: '星期一',
- 1: '星期二',
- 2: '星期三',
- 3: '星期四',
- 4: '星期五',
- 5: '星期六',
- 6: '星期天',
- }
- day = date.weekday()
- return week_day_dict[day]
- # print("距離大年: ", distance_big_year)
- # print("距離端午: ", distance_5_5)
- # print("距離中秋: ", distance_8_15)
- # print("距離元旦: ", distance_year)
- # print("距離清明: ", distance_4_5)
- # print("距離勞動: ", distance_5_1)
- # print("距離國慶: ", distance_10_1)
- # print("距離周末: ", 5 - today.weekday())
- now_ = f"{today.year}年{today.month}月{today.day}日"
- week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
- time_ = [
- {"v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末"}, # 距離周末
- {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距離元旦
- {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "過年"}, # 距離過年
- {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明節(jié)"}, # 距離清明
- {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "勞動節(jié)"}, # 距離勞動
- {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午節(jié)"}, # 距離端午
- {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋節(jié)"}, # 距離中秋
- {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "國慶節(jié)"}, # 距離國慶
- ]
- time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)
- @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
- async def readme(request: Request):
- return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
- {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})
- if __name__ == '__main__':
- import uvicorn
- uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True)
最后就到了 html 頁面部分了,來看一下主要的傳值。
- <center>
- 【摸魚辦公室】今天是 {{ now_ }} {{ week_day_ }}
- <br><br>
- {% for v_ in time_ %}
- <p>🐟 距離 {{ v_.title }} 放假還有 {{ v_.v_ }} 天</p>
- {% else %}
- <p>沒有任何值</p>
- {% endfor %}
- </center>
這樣整個的路由構(gòu)造和頁面編寫就算是完成了。
最后通過 Nginx 部署到我的站點(diǎn)上。
摸魚辦預(yù)覽地址
代碼已經(jīng)上傳至 摸魚辦:
https://github.com/PY-GZKY/moyu