使用 SpringBoot + 虛擬線程將服務(wù)性能提升幾百倍！
作者：編程疏影
在前端頁面中增加了send10000Requests函數(shù)，用于異步發(fā)送 10000 個(gè)請求。在服務(wù)端的日志中可以比較兩種線程執(zhí)行的性能差異。
虛擬線程簡介
虛擬線程是 Java 平臺(tái)的一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新特性。虛擬線程是一種輕量級的線程實(shí)現(xiàn)，它在操作系統(tǒng)層面并不對應(yīng)真實(shí)的內(nèi)核線程，而是由 JVM 進(jìn)行管理和調(diào)度。這使得可以在不消耗大量系統(tǒng)資源的情況下創(chuàng)建大量的線程，從而能夠更高效地處理并發(fā)任務(wù)。
虛擬線程與普通線程的區(qū)別
- 資源消耗：普通線程通常與操作系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)核線程直接對應(yīng)，創(chuàng)建和切換成本較高，資源消耗大。虛擬線程則輕量得多，創(chuàng)建和切換成本極低，能夠創(chuàng)建大量的虛擬線程而不會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)資源緊張。
- 調(diào)度方式：普通線程的調(diào)度由操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核負(fù)責(zé)，而虛擬線程的調(diào)度由 JVM 管理，更加靈活高效。
- 并發(fā)能力：由于虛擬線程的低消耗特性，可以創(chuàng)建更多的虛擬線程來處理并發(fā)任務(wù)，從而提高系統(tǒng)的并發(fā)處理能力。
項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建及依賴配置（pom.xml）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>virtual-thread-performance-booster</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Virtual Thread Performance Booster</name>
<properties>
<java.version>19</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>配置文件（application.yml）
server:
port: 8080
thread:
core-pool-size: 10
max-connections: 2000
max-threads: 500線程配置類
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class ThreadConfig {
@Value("${thread.core-pool-size}")
private int corePoolSize;
@Value("${thread.max-connections}")
private int maxConnections;
@Value("${thread.max-threads}")
private int maxThreads;
@Bean(name = "asyncTaskExecutor")
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxThreads);
executor.setQueueCapacity(maxConnections);
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("Async-");
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
@Bean(name = "virtualThreadExecutor")
public ExecutorService virtualThreadExecutor() {
return Executors.newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor();
}
}TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer 類
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol;
import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatConnectorCustomizer;
import org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer implements TomcatConnectorCustomizer {
@Value("${thread.max-connections}")
private int maxConnections;
@Value("${thread.max-threads}")
private int maxThreads;
@Override
public void customize(Connector connector) {
Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
protocol.setMaxConnections(maxConnections);
protocol.setMaxThreads(maxThreads);
protocol.setMinSpareThreads(50);
}
}服務(wù)類
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class VirtualThreadService {
// 獲取虛擬線程執(zhí)行器
@Autowired
private ExecutorService virtualThreadExecutor;
// 獲取異步任務(wù)執(zhí)行器
@Autowired
private ThreadPoolTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor;
@Async("asyncTaskExecutor")
public void performVirtualThreadTask() {
Instant start = Instant.now();
virtualThreadExecutor.execute(() -> {
// 模擬耗時(shí)任務(wù)
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("虛擬線程任務(wù)完成！");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Instant end = Instant.now();
long duration = Duration.between(start, end).toMillis();
System.out.println("虛擬線程方法執(zhí)行時(shí)間: " + duration + " 毫秒");
}
@Async("asyncTaskExecutor")
public void performNormalThreadTask() {
Instant start = Instant.now();
asyncTaskExecutor.execute(() -> {
// 模擬耗時(shí)任務(wù)
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("普通線程任務(wù)完成！");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Instant end = Instant.now();
long duration = Duration.between(start, end).toMillis();
System.out.println("普通線程方法執(zhí)行時(shí)間: " + duration + " 毫秒");
}
}控制器類
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class VirtualThreadController {
@Autowired
private VirtualThreadService virtualThreadService;
@GetMapping("/triggerVirtualThreadTask")
public String triggerVirtualThreadTask() {
virtualThreadService.performVirtualThreadTask();
return "虛擬線程任務(wù)已觸發(fā)！";
}
@GetMapping("/triggerNormalThreadTask")
public String triggerNormalThreadTask() {
virtualThreadService.performNormalThreadTask();
return "普通線程任務(wù)已觸發(fā)！";
}
}前端頁面（index.html）
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>虛擬線程性能提升示例</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>虛擬線程性能提升示例</h1>
<button onclick="triggerVirtualThreadTask()">觸發(fā)虛擬線程任務(wù)</button>
<button onclick="triggerNormalThreadTask()">觸發(fā)普通線程任務(wù)</button>
<button onclick="send10000Requests()">發(fā)送 10000 個(gè)請求</button>
<script>
function triggerVirtualThreadTask() {
fetch('/triggerVirtualThreadTask')
.then(response => response.text())
.then(data => {
alert(data);
})
.catch(error => console.error('Error triggering virtual thread task:', error));
}
function triggerNormalThreadTask() {
fetch('/triggerNormalThreadTask')
.then(response => response.text())
.then(data => {
alert(data);
})
.catch(error => console.error('Error triggering normal thread task:', error));
}
function send10000Requests() {
for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
fetch('/triggerVirtualThreadTask')
.then(response => {
if (response.status === 200) {
console.log(`虛擬線程請求 ${i} 成功`);
} else {
console.error(`虛擬線程請求 ${i} 失敗`);
}
})
.catch(error => console.error(`虛擬線程請求 ${i} 出錯(cuò):`, error));
fetch('/triggerNormalThreadTask')
.then(response => {
if (response.status === 200) {
console.log(`普通線程請求 ${i} 成功`);
} else {
console.error(`普通線程請求 ${i} 失敗`);
}
})
.catch(error => console.error(`普通線程請求 ${i} 出錯(cuò):`, error));
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>總結(jié)
通過以上的代碼示例，在前端頁面中增加了send10000Requests函數(shù)，用于異步發(fā)送 10000 個(gè)請求。在服務(wù)端的日志中可以比較兩種線程執(zhí)行的性能差異。根據(jù)實(shí)際的運(yùn)行情況，可以對線程配置進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和調(diào)整，以達(dá)到更好的性能效果。
責(zé)任編輯：武曉燕
來源：
路條編程
