詳解.Net Micro實(shí)現(xiàn)SideShow窗體界面實(shí)例
基于MF系統(tǒng)的Windows SideShow界面是非常炫的（如下圖）。既然微軟能用.Net Micro Framework實(shí)現(xiàn)這么棒的界面效果，我想我們也能做到。
（SideShow模擬器界面和游戲程序中的右鍵菜單—注意菜單彈出后，其它的界面變暗了）
現(xiàn)在的任務(wù)是設(shè)計(jì)一套支持鼠標(biāo)（或觸摸屏）的窗體框架（目前MF提供的Window類僅支持按鍵功能），所以正好把SideShow如此炫的界面元素也可以添加進(jìn)來(lái)。
用過(guò)MF的人知道是用下面的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)按鍵事件接收的，既然我們要支持鼠標(biāo)功能，所以最好也用類似的機(jī)理實(shí)現(xiàn)。
//按鍵事件
protected override void OnButtonDown(ButtonEventArgs e)
{
switch (e.Button)
{
//按下確定鍵
case Button.Select:
break;
//按下左鍵
case Button.Left:
break;
//按下右鍵
case Button.Right:
break;
//按向上
case Button.Up:
break;
//按向下
case Button.Down:
break;
//按下菜單
case Button.Menu:
break;
//按下返回鍵
case Button.Back:
break;
}
base.OnButtonDown(e);
}
用反編譯工具仔細(xì)研究了MF底層庫(kù)代碼（.Net FrameWork 太龐大了，一個(gè)人絕對(duì)短時(shí)間內(nèi)看不完，其實(shí)也很難看下去，但是對(duì)剛剛起步的MF來(lái)說(shuō)，.Net Micro FrameWork就簡(jiǎn)單多了），終于理清了頭緒。主要原理是在鼠標(biāo)信息處理線程中通過(guò)Application.Current.Windows 屬性（該屬性存放了當(dāng)前實(shí)例所有派生于Window類的窗體）和應(yīng)用實(shí)例的this.Dispatcher屬性的BeginInvoke方法，外部調(diào)用窗體鼠標(biāo)事件函數(shù)。充分利用基類虛函數(shù)的妙處來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)類似按鍵信息處理的功能。
在YFWindowBase類中聲明如下虛擬鼠標(biāo)事件函數(shù)。
//鼠標(biāo)移動(dòng)
public virtual void OnMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (MouseMove != null) MouseMove(sender, e);
}
//鼠標(biāo)單擊
public virtual void OnMouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (MouseClick != null) MouseClick(sender, e);
}
//按下
public virtual void OnMouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (MouseDown != null) MouseDown(sender, e);
}
//抬起
public virtual void OnMouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (MouseUp != null) MouseUp(sender, e);
}
在鼠標(biāo)信息處理函數(shù)中執(zhí)行如下的代碼即可。
//處理鼠標(biāo)消息
private static void TransactMouse(MouseState state, int x, int y, MouseButtons button)
{
if (Application.Current == null) return;
for (int i = Application.Current.Windows.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
try
{
YFWindowBase mw = Application.Current.Windows[i] as YFWindowBase;
if (mw.Enabled && mw.IsVisible)
{
//判斷子窗體
bool bReturn = false;
for (int j = mw.Children.Count - 1; j >= 0; j--)
{
//僅最上層并且可視的控件接收鼠標(biāo)消息
YFControl cl = mw.Children[j];
if (!bReturn && cl.Visible && IsRectContains(x, y, mw.Left + cl.Left, mw.Top + cl.Top, cl.Width, cl.Height))
{
if (cl.Enable) //Enable和Visible不一樣，Enable即使無(wú)效，下層控件也沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)獲得鼠標(biāo)消息
{
if (!cl._EnterFlag)
{
cl._EnterFlag = true;
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(cl.OnMouseEnter), cl, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - cl.Left - mw.Left, y - cl.Top - mw.Top));
}
if ((state & MouseState.Move) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(cl.OnMouseMove), cl, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - cl.Left - mw.Left, y - cl.Top - mw.Top));
if ((state & MouseState.Down) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(cl.OnMouseDown), cl, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - cl.Left - mw.Left, y - cl.Top - mw.Top));
if ((state & MouseState.Up) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(cl.OnMouseUp), cl, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - cl.Left - mw.Left, y - cl.Top - mw.Top));
if ((state & MouseState.Click) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(cl.OnMouseClick), cl, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - cl.Left - mw.Left, y - cl.Top - mw.Top));
}
//向主窗體傳OnMouseEvent消息，為了繪制鼠標(biāo)
if ((state & MouseState.Event) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(mw.OnMouseEvent), mw, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - mw.Left, y - mw.Top));
bReturn = true;
}
else
{
if (cl._EnterFlag)
{
cl._EnterFlag = false;
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(cl.OnMouseLeave), cl, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - cl.Left, y - cl.Top));
}
}
}
if (bReturn) return;
}
//僅最上層并且可視的窗體接收鼠標(biāo)消息
if (mw.IsVisible && IsRectContains(x, y, mw.Left, mw.Top, mw.Width, mw.Height))
{
if (!mw.Enabled) return;
if ((state & MouseState.Move) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(mw.OnMouseMove), mw, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - mw.Left, y - mw.Top));
if ((state & MouseState.Down) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(mw.OnMouseDown), mw, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - mw.Left, y - mw.Top));
if ((state & MouseState.Up) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(mw.OnMouseUp), mw, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - mw.Left, y - mw.Top));
if ((state & MouseState.Click) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(mw.OnMouseClick), mw, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - mw.Left, y - mw.Top));
if ((state & MouseState.Event) > 0)
_dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new MouseInputEventHandler(mw.OnMouseEvent), mw, new MouseEventArgs(button, x - mw.Left, y - mw.Top));
return;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new Exception(e.Message.ToString(), e);
}
}
}
用戶程序的窗體類只要派生于YFWindowBase類，就可以直接支持鼠標(biāo)和按鍵功能了。用戶代碼如下：
//主窗體
internal sealed class MFWindow :YFWindowBase
{
public YFLabel label1;
YFButton button1, button2, button3, button4, button5;
public MFWindow()
{
//標(biāo)簽
label1 = new YFLabel("就緒", 0, Height - 25, Width, 25);
label1.TextAlign = TextAlignment.Left;
label1.BackColor = ColorUtility.ColorFromRGB(189, 235, 255);
label1.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle;
//添加按鈕
button1 = new YFButton("觸摸屏校準(zhǔn)", 30, 35, 90, 40);
button1.MouseClick += new MouseInputEventHandler(button_MouseClick);
button2 = new YFButton("計(jì)算器",200, 35, 90, 40);
button2.MouseClick += new MouseInputEventHandler(button_MouseClick);
button3 = new YFButton("簡(jiǎn)易記事本", 30, 135, 90, 40);
button3.MouseClick += new MouseInputEventHandler(button_MouseClick);
button4 = new YFButton("關(guān)于...", 200, 135, 90, 40);
button4.MouseClick += new MouseInputEventHandler(button_MouseClick);
button5 = new YFButton("主菜單", 125, 85, 70, 40);
button5.MouseClick += new MouseInputEventHandler(button_MouseClick);
Children.Add(button1);
Children.Add(button2);
Children.Add(button3);
Children.Add(button4);
Children.Add(button5);
Children.Add(label1);
button3.Enable = false;
//button3.Visible = false;
//設(shè)置菜單
Menu.AddItem(new MenuItem("觸摸屏校準(zhǔn)"));
Menu.AddItem(new MenuItem("-"));
Menu.AddItem(new MenuItem("計(jì)算器"));
Menu.AddItem(new MenuItem("簡(jiǎn)易記事本"));
Menu.AddItem(new MenuItem("-"));
Menu.AddItem(new MenuItem("關(guān)于..."));
Menu[3].Enabled = false;
//Menu[3].Visible = false;
}
#p#
//按鈕事件
void button_MouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
YFButton button=((YFButton)sender);
switch (button.Text)
{
case "主菜單":
//彈出菜單
this.Menu.Show();
break;
default:
OnMenuClick(new MenuEventArgs(0, button.Text));
break;
}
}
運(yùn)行后的界面如下：
圖1：主界面（按鈕即支持鼠標(biāo)也可以用按鍵切換輸入焦點(diǎn)（right鍵等同于PC平臺(tái)上的Tab鍵），并用OK鍵觸發(fā)按鍵事件）
圖2：?jiǎn)螕糁鞑藛伟粹o或單擊“Menu”就可以彈出主菜單
圖3：不要小看了上圖的藍(lán)色小圓，是我費(fèi)了好大勁才繪制出來(lái)的（目前MF僅支持矩形框的填充）。
private void DrawCircle(Color c,int x, int y, int r, DrawingContext dc)
{
Pen p=new Pen(c);
SolidColorBrush b = new SolidColorBrush(c);
int Offset45=(int)(0.707*r);
int Offset30 = r / 2;
int Offset60 = (int)(0.866 * r);
for (int i = Offset45; i < r + 1; i++)
{
dc.DrawEllipse(null, p, x, y, i, i);
}
dc.DrawRectangle(b, null, x - Offset45, y - Offset45,Offset45*2, Offset45*2);
dc.DrawRectangle(b, null, x - Offset60, y - Offset30, Offset60 * 2, Offset30 * 2);
dc.DrawRectangle(b, null, x - Offset30, y - Offset60, Offset30 * 2, Offset60 * 2);
dc.DrawLine(p, x - Offset60, y - Offset30, x - Offset30, y - Offset60);
dc.DrawLine(p, x+ Offset60 , y + Offset30, x + Offset30 ,y + Offset60 );
dc.DrawLine(p, x - Offset60, y + Offset30, x - Offset30 , y + Offset60);
dc.DrawLine(p, x + Offset60, y - Offset30, x + Offset30, y - Offset60);
}
圖5：終于在MF上實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算器的功能，目前不僅支持鼠標(biāo)，也可以用光標(biāo)鍵和OK鍵進(jìn)行輸入計(jì)算了。
別小看了計(jì)算器程序，由于MF僅有數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)字符串功能，沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)字符串轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)字的功能，我自己自定義了一些函數(shù)，用了一些特殊的用法才編寫完成。
//數(shù)字輸入的部分代碼
if (strInput == "0.") dblInput = 0;
if (strInput != "0.")
{
strInput += b.Text;
if (strInput.IndexOf('.')<1)
{
dblInput *= 10;
dblInput += ToDouble(b.Text);
}
else
{
int index = strInput.Length - strInput.LastIndexOf('.') - 1;
dblInput += ToDouble(b.Text) /System.Math.Pow(10,index);
}
}
else if (b.Text != "0")
{
strInput = b.Text;
dblInput = ToDouble(b.Text);
}
下面是窗體的界面搭建部分，你絕對(duì)想不到用這么短的代碼就實(shí)現(xiàn)了上圖的界面布局（看過(guò)我以前.Net Micro Framework研究的網(wǎng)友，應(yīng)該對(duì)MF本身提供的控件有印象，正是因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)的控件不好用，我專門重新寫了一套MF控件類）。
YFButton[] button=new YFButton[20];
YFLabel lblInput = null;
string[] strText = new string[] { "7", "8", "9", "/", "CE", "4", "5", "6", "*", "%", "1", "2", "3", "-", "1/x", "0", "+/-", ".", "+", "=" };
public YFCalc(string Title,int Width,int Height,YFWindowBase Parent)
: base(Title, Width, Height, Parent)
{
int x=ClientRect.X,y=ClientRect.Y;
lblInput = new YFLabel("0.", x + 5, y + 5, ClientRect.Width - 10, 20);
lblInput.TextAlign = TextAlignment.Right;
Children.Add(lblInput);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
if(i % 5==0 && i!=0)
{
x = ClientRect.X;
y = y + 32;
}
button[i] = new YFButton("", x + 5, y + 32, 32, 28);
button[i].Text = strText[i];
button[i].MouseClick += new MouseInputEventHandler(button_MouseClick);
x += 37;
Children.Add(button[i]);
}
}
//按鈕單擊
void button_MouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
}
其實(shí)這段時(shí)間以來(lái)，我一直在研究MF，雖然目前它還不是很成熟，但是隨著研究的深入，越來(lái)越對(duì)它癡迷，越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)很多MF的寶藏（如果你有耐心的話，一定要看看MF底層框架的源碼（通過(guò)反編譯工具Reflector），你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多很有意思的功能）。
MF相對(duì)于Windows XP/Vista、Windows CE而言，還只能算一個(gè)嬰孩，但就是這樣，就如一個(gè)偉人所說(shuō)：孩子就是未來(lái)的希望。所以有理由相信MF的明天會(huì)更好。
