圖文教程，8步教你變身數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家
調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和分析技能已經(jīng)在“2016年最希望學(xué)會(huì)的職業(yè)技能”排名中位列第二，不難看出，數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)正成為一種流行職業(yè)。
從行業(yè)內(nèi)部的蓬勃發(fā)展，到招聘會(huì)上HR們的大聲宣傳，我們都可以看出，數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)下最炙手可熱的職業(yè)之一。 行業(yè)專業(yè)人士分析，未來(lái)幾年數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)崗位缺口將達(dá)到數(shù)百萬(wàn)。不僅僅是頂級(jí)科技公司需要數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家，未來(lái)各行各業(yè)都會(huì)需要設(shè)立數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)相關(guān)崗位，來(lái)幫助他們發(fā)展。 工作崗位有了，但是可以做這些工作的人卻很少。數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)行業(yè)急需人才，但是現(xiàn)實(shí)情況卻不容樂(lè)觀，雖然大批大批的人涌入科技行業(yè)，但是他們大部分人都不知道，除了編程、計(jì)算機(jī)和工程學(xué)之外，還有別的高科技崗位。今年早些時(shí)候，都柏林大學(xué)設(shè)立了數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)學(xué)士點(diǎn)，以滿足行業(yè)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家的大量需求，這是愛爾蘭首個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)學(xué)士點(diǎn)。 那么數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家是干什么的呢?哪些地方需要數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家?怎么樣才能成為數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家?如果你正因?yàn)檫@些問(wèn)題而猶豫要不要開始學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)，那么我可以告訴你，成為數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家其實(shí)非常簡(jiǎn)單。 首先，你需要知道什么是數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)是一門交叉學(xué)科，而數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家需要學(xué)會(huì)數(shù)據(jù)讀取與分析，根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)提取信息，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)可視化，以各種各樣的方式和角度分析解讀數(shù)據(jù)。
現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)知道了數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家是干什么的了，接下來(lái)就可以培養(yǎng)自己成為一名數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家了。下面讓我們用圖文相結(jié)合的方式，8步教你變身數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家。
第一步：學(xué)好數(shù)據(jù)學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)
數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)不過(guò)就是和數(shù)字打交道的學(xué)科而已，所以你需要溫習(xí)一下你的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)。數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家還需要掌握分析和展示技巧，正確解讀數(shù)據(jù)并準(zhǔn)確分析出數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)的信息。
第二步：學(xué)會(huì)編程
數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家還需要具備其他的技巧，如計(jì)算機(jī)，端對(duì)端研發(fā)，用Python語(yǔ)言、R語(yǔ)言或者SAS編程。
第三步：熟悉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家每天與數(shù)據(jù)打交道，當(dāng)然還需要熟練使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件，如Oracle和MySQL。
第四步：了解數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家工作流程
在你具備了必要的技能之后，接下來(lái)你需要熟悉數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家的工作流程，從一開始收集數(shù)據(jù)，到最后完成分析報(bào)告，中間需要經(jīng)過(guò)哪些環(huán)節(jié)呢?
第五步：提高大數(shù)據(jù)水平
開始處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)，需要了解大數(shù)據(jù)處理過(guò)程與其他數(shù)據(jù)處理過(guò)程的不同之處，并且熟悉如何存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)與處理數(shù)據(jù)。
第六步：成長(zhǎng)、聯(lián)絡(luò)、學(xué)習(xí)
同時(shí)，你還需要去參加比賽，挑戰(zhàn)自己提高水平;主動(dòng)接觸數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)行業(yè)的專家，去發(fā)掘你自己對(duì)這個(gè)行業(yè)的興趣方向;找到一個(gè)喜歡的項(xiàng)目，增加數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)實(shí)踐，提高數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)能力;培養(yǎng)職業(yè)直覺，找到理論與實(shí)踐結(jié)合點(diǎn)。
第七步：完全投入
以上幾步都完成之后，你就可以開始實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練了。通過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練營(yíng)，一步一步成為一名真正的數(shù)科學(xué)家。
第八步：加入大數(shù)據(jù)社區(qū)
加入大數(shù)據(jù)社區(qū)，及時(shí)了解大數(shù)據(jù)行業(yè)新聞?dòng)嵪ⅲ卫伟盐沾髷?shù)據(jù)航向!
有這么多的公司需要數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)家和分析師，只要你身懷技藝，他們都會(huì)爭(zhēng)著來(lái)討好你，希望能把你納入麾下。
英文原文：
How to become a data scientist in 8easy(ish) steps
With data mining and analytic skills rankingas the second most desirable skill of 2016, it’s clear that data science isbecoming a popular career track.
From rumblings in the industry to loudproclamations at recruitment fairs, data science has staked its claim as one ofthe most in-demand skill sets right now.
We’ve heard from industry professionalsthat there will be millions of jobs in data science over the next number ofyears. These roles will be required across a huge variety of sectors, not justin top tech companies.
The problem is that what we have in jobs,we currently lack in suitable candidates. The data science sector is crying outfor candidates and, while more people are moving towards the rapidly growingtech sector, they might not be aware of roles outside of coding, computing orengineering.
What does a data scientist do? Where arethe data science roles? How would someone even begin to train as a datascientist? If these questions are holding you back from considering a career indata science, you might be surprised to find out how straightforward yourtraining could be.
But first, you need to know what it is. Putsimply, data science is a multidisciplinary field that involves reading andprocessing data, extracting knowledge from that data, and being able tovisualise, analyse and explain that data in a comprehensive way.
Now that you know what a data scientistdoes, you can become one. Data science is all about maths and stats, so youwould need to brush up on your mathematical skills. A data scientist would alsoneed analytical and presentation skills. They would have to be able to read andunderstand data and analyse it successfully.
They would also require technical skillsinvolving computer science, end-to-end development, and coding with programssuch as Python, R and SAS. A data scientist would also need to be comfortablewith databases such as Oracle and MySQL.
DCU launched its BSc in data scienceearlier this year – the first of its kind in Ireland – to answer the industrycall for talent in the data science sector. This degree will train you in theskills we have outlined for you to enter the field of data science.
Once you have the skills you need, you needto understand the workflow of a data scientist, from the collection of data allthe way to the end report. You should also start connecting with industryprofessionals and develop your own intuition and interest in the field.Consider where you want to use your data science skills.
Once you’ve honed your skills, developedyour industry knowledge and grasped where your interest in the field lies, it’stime to develop your practical knowledge; from internships and graduatepositions up to your dream job.
With so many companies looking for datascientists and analysts, you’ll be spoiled for choice once you have the skillsand training you need.
